Tafseer of The Night Journey · Al-Israa · 17:97
And whoever Allah guides - he is the [rightly] guided; and whoever He sends astray - you will never find for them protectors besides Him, and We will gather them on the Day of Resurrection [fallen] on their faces - blind, dumb and deaf. Their refuge is Hell; every time it subsides We increase them in blazing fire.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah, may His remembrance be exalted, says: and whomever Allah guides, O Muḥammad, to belief in Him and to affirming you and what you have brought from your Lord — and disposes him toward that — is the one who is guided upon the straight path and has found the Truth, not the one who is guided by another. For guidance rests with Him. وَمَن يُضْلِلِ — that is to say: whomever Allah leads astray from the Truth, whom He forsakes from attaining it and whom He does not grant success to in believing in Allah and affirming His Messenger, for such a one you, O Muḥammad, will never find protectors who aid them, apart from Allah, when Allah wills their punishment and wills to bring them to ruin.
وَنَحْشُرُهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ — that is to say: We shall gather them together at the place of the Resurrection after they had been scattered in the graves at the coming of the Hour. عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ عُمْيًا وَبُكْمًا — this is the plural form of abkam, and by al-bukm He means: the mute.
As it was related to us by al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā, who said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq related to us, who said: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word وَبُكْمًا : he said: the mute. وَصُمًّا — this is the plural form of aṣamm.
If someone asks: how does Allah describe these people as being gathered as blind, mute, and deaf, while He has said وَرَأَى الْمُجْرِمُونَ النَّارَ فَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُم مُّوَاقِعُوهَا — which shows that they see — and said إِذَا رَأَتْهُم مِّن مَّكَانٍ بَعِيدٍ سَمِعُوا لَهَا تَغَيُّظًا وَزَفِيرًا * وَإِذَا أُلْقُوا مِنْهَا مَكَانًا ضَيِّقًا مُّقَرَّنِينَ دَعَوْا هُنَالِكَ ثُبُورًا — which shows that they hear and speak? Then it is said: it is possible that the blindness, muteness, and deafness which Allah has attributed to them is their state at the moment of their being gathered to the standing-place of the Resurrection, and that Allah then subsequently grants them, in circumstances other than the circumstance of the gathering, hearing, sight, and speech. It is also possible that this is as was related from Ibn ʿAbbās in the report that was related to me by ʿAlī ibn Dāwūd, who said: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, who said: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word وَنَحْشُرُهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ عُمْيًا وَبُكْمًا وَصُمًّا . He then said: وَرَأَى الْمُجْرِمُونَ النَّارَ فَظَنُّوا and said سَمِعُوا لَهَا تَغَيُّظًا وَزَفِيرًا and said دَعَوْا هُنَالِكَ ثُبُورًا . As for His word عُمْيًا : they see nothing that brings them joy. And His word بُكْمًا : they advance no argument. And His word صُمًّا : they hear nothing that brings them joy.
And His word مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ — Allah, may His praise be exalted, says: their final abode is Hell (jahannam), and therein are their dwelling-places, and they are its fuel.
As it was related to me by Muḥammad ibn Saʿd, who said: my father related to me, who said: my uncle related to me, who said: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ : that is to say, they are its fuel.
And His word كُلَّمَا خَبَتْ زِدْنَاهُمْ سَعِيرًا — by His word khabat He means: it subsided and abated, as ʿAdī ibn Zayd al-ʿIbādī said in describing a cloud:
Its midst resembled fireflies or the candles of the castle — now going out, now lit up.
By his word "going out" (yakhbū), with respect to the candles, he means: that at some moments they grow weak and at other moments they grow strong and give light. And to this belongs also the word of al-Quṭāmī: "it now goes out, then again rages."
Similar to what we have said on this matter, the people of interpretation spoke, albeit with difference in wording.
Mention of those who said that:
It was related to me by ʿAlī ibn Dāwūd, who said: ʿAbd Allāh related to us, who said: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word كُلَّمَا خَبَتْ : he said: it abated.
It was related to me by Muḥammad ibn Saʿd, who said: my father related to me, who said: my uncle related to me, who said: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: كُلَّمَا خَبَتْ زِدْنَاهُمْ سَعِيرًا — that is to say: every time it has burned them and used them as fuel, it becomes glowing embers that smolder. When it has burned them and nothing of them remains, it turns into glowing coal — that is its khabū (going out). When they then receive a new body, it resumes them.
It was related to us by Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr, who said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, who said: ʿĪsā related to us; and it was related to us by al-Ḥārith, who said: al-Ḥasan related to us, who said: Warqāʾ related to us, both on the authority of Mujāhid — [isnād]. It was related to us by al-Qāsim, who said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, who said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — the same.
It was related to us by al-Qāsim, who said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, who said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, who said: Ibn ʿAbbās said كُلَّمَا خَبَتْ — its khabū is that it burns them as fuel. When it has burned them and nothing of them remains, it turns into glowing embers that smolder. When they then receive a new body, it resumes them.
It was related to us by Bishr, who said: Yazīd related to us, who said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word كُلَّمَا خَبَتْ زِدْنَاهُمْ سَعِيرًا : that is to say: every time their skins have been burned, they are replaced by other skins, so that they may taste the punishment.
It was related to us by al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā, who said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, who said: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word كُلَّمَا خَبَتْ زِدْنَاهُمْ سَعِيرًا : he said: every time something of it abates.
It was related to me by Marwān, on the authority of Juwaybir, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk: كُلَّمَا خَبَتْ : he said: it abated.
And His word زِدْنَاهُمْ سَعِيرًا — that is to say: We increased for these unbelievers the blazing, namely the kindling of the Fire against them, its flaring up within them, and its flaring up after it abates, in their bodies.