Tabari

Tafseer of The Night Journey · Al-Israa · 17:34

وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا۟ مَالَ ٱلْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِٱلَّتِى هِىَ أَحْسَنُ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُۥ ۚ وَأَوْفُوا۟ بِٱلْعَهْدِ ۖ إِنَّ ٱلْعَهْدَ كَانَ مَسْـُٔولًۭا

And do not approach the property of an orphan, except in the way that is best, until he reaches maturity. And fulfill [every] commitment. Indeed, the commitment is ever [that about which one will be] questioned.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    Allah the Exalted says: And He has also decreed that you must not approach the property of the orphan by consuming it, acting wastefully and rashly, before they reach maturity; rather, you may approach it only in the best and most excellent manner, namely by managing it on his behalf through increase, keeping it in order, and exercising diligence.

    Qatāda used to say concerning this what Bishr related to us — he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda — regarding His word وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ : 'When this verse was sent down, it weighed heavily upon the companions (ṣaḥāba) of the Prophet ﷺ; they no longer mingled with them in food or eating or anything else. Thereupon Allah, blessed and exalted is He, sent down: وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ — and this was a concession (rukhṣa) for them.'

    Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us — he said: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda — وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ : 'They did not mingle with them in property, food, or conveyance, until there was sent down: وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ .'

    Ibn Zayd said concerning this what Yūnus related to me — he said: Ibn Wahb informed us, he said: Ibn Zayd said — regarding His word وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ : 'Eating according to need: that one eats together with him when one has need of that' — that is what Ubayy said.

    As for His word حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ — that is to say: until he reaches the time of his strength in intellect, the managing of his property, and the improving of his circumstances in his religion. وَأَوْفُوا بِالْعَهْدِ — He says: Fulfill the agreements that you conclude with people concerning peace between the people of the domain of war and Islam, and also among yourselves, and the buying and selling, the hiring and other agreements. إِنَّ الْعَهْدَ كَانَ مَسْئُولًا — Allah the Exalted will question the breaching party concerning its breach of it. He says: Do not break the lawful covenants between you and those with whom you have made a covenant, O people, such that you would betray them and be unfaithful to those to whom you pledged it. What is meant is: the covenant was something concerning which an accounting is demanded; one says in Arabic: 'there will surely be inquiry into that person's covenant.'

    Show original Arabic
    يقول تعالى ذكره: وقضى أيضا أن لا تقربوا مال اليتيم بأكل، إسرافا وبدارا أن يَكْبَروا، ولكن اقرَبوه بالفَعْلة التي هي أحسن، والخَلَّة التي هي أجمل، وذلك أن تتصرّفوا فيه له بالتثمير والإصلاح والحيطة. وكان قتادة يقول في ذلك ما حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله ( وَلا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ ) لما نـزلت هذه الآية، اشتدّ ذلك على أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فكانوا لا يخالطونهم في طعام أو أكل ولا غيره، فأنـزل الله تبارك وتعالى وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ فكانت هذه لهم فيها رُخْصة. حدثنا محمد بن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا محمد بن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة ( وَلا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ ) قال: كانوا لا يخالطونهم في مال ولا مأكل ولا مركب، حتى نـزلت وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ . وقال ابن زيد في ذلك ما حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، في قوله ( وَلا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ ) قال: الأكل بالمعروف، أن تأكل معه إذا احتجت إليه، كان أُبيّ يقول ذلك. وقوله (حتى يَبْلُغَ أشُدَّهُ) يقول: حتى يبلغ وقت اشتداده في العقل، وتدبير ماله، وصلاح حاله في دينه (وأوْفُوا بالعَهْدِ) يقول: وأوفوا بالعقد الذي تعاقدون الناس في الصلح بين أهل الحرب والإسلام، وفيما بينكم أيضا، والبيوع والأشربة والإجارات، وغير ذلك من العقود ( إِنَّ الْعَهْدَ كَانَ مَسْئُولا ) يقول: إن الله جلّ ثناؤه سائل ناقض العهد عن نقضه إياه، يقول: فلا تنقضوا العهود الجائزة بينكم، وبين من عاهدتموه أيها الناس فتخفروه، وتغدروا بمن أعطيتموه ذلك. وإنما عنى بذلك أن العهد كان مطلوبا، يقال في الكلام: ليسئلنّ فلان عهد فلان.