Tafseer of The Rock · Al-Hijr · 15:20
And We have made for you therein means of living and [for] those for whom you are not providers.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah — may His praise be exalted — says: وَجَعَلْنَا لَكُمْ (And We have made for you) — O people — in the earth مَعَايِشَ (means of livelihood) — the plural of maʿīsha (livelihood) — وَمَنْ لَسْتُمْ لَهُ بِرَازِقِينَ (and those for whom you are not providers of sustenance).
The exegetes differed among themselves concerning the meaning of وَمَنْ لَسْتُمْ لَهُ بِرَازِقِينَ. Some of them said: by this are meant the beasts of burden (dawābb) and the livestock (anʿām).
Mention of those who said this:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us; and al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad related to us, saying: Shabāba related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us; and al-Muthanná related to me, saying: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, saying: Shubayl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ; and al-Muthanná related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh related to us — all on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning: وَمَنْ لَسْتُمْ لَهُ بِرَازِقِينَ: the beasts of burden and the livestock.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid: likewise.
Others said: by this is meant the wild beasts (waḥsh) in particular.
Mention of those who said this:
Muḥammad ibn al-Muthanná related to me, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of Manṣūr, concerning this verse: وَمَنْ لَسْتُمْ لَهُ بِرَازِقِينَ: he said: the wild beasts. Thus "man" in: وَمَنْ لَسْتُمْ لَهُ بِرَازِقِينَ according to this interpretation has the meaning of "mā," and that is rare in Arabic.
The correct and most beautiful view is to say that by وَمَنْ لَسْتُمْ لَهُ بِرَازِقِينَ are meant the male slaves (ʿabīd), the female slaves (imāʾ), the beasts of burden, and the livestock. The purport is thus: and We have made therein for you means of livelihood. And the male slaves, the female slaves, the beasts of burden, and the livestock — and if that is so, then it is fitting to use "man" in that place for male slaves, female slaves, and beasts of burden, for the Arabs do that when they wish to speak of animals together with human beings. This is the interpretation upon which we have based the meaning of the words. Here "man" is in the accusative (naṣb) as a conjunction with "maʿāyish" (means of livelihood), in the sense of: We have made therein for you means of livelihood, and We have made therein those for whom you are not providers of sustenance. It has also been said that "man" is in the genitive (khafd) as a conjunction with the suffix "kum" in لَكُمْ: that is to say: and We have made therein for you means of livelihood and for those for whom you are not providers of sustenance. I suspect that Manṣūr — in his saying: it is the wild beasts — had this latter meaning in mind and intended it. This, although it has a basis in Arabic, holds a weak position, for they rarely make a genitive refer back to a pronoun hidden in the state of genitive; sometimes that occurs in poetry among some [poets] in case of necessity, as someone said:
هَلا سَأَلْتَ بِذِي الجَمَاجِمِ عَنْهُمُ وَأَبِي نَعِيمٍ ذِي اللِّوَاءِ الْمُخْرَقِ
Here "abā Naʿīm" was made to refer back to the suffixes "hā" and "mīm" in "ʿanhum." I have previously explained the unsuitability of this in their usage.