Tafseer of Abraham · Ibrahim · 14:28
Have you not considered those who exchanged the favor of Allah for disbelief and settled their people [in] the home of ruin?
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Then the abode of perdition was further described and specified as to what it is. It was said: جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا وَبِئْسَ الْقَرَارُ (Hell — they will burn in it; and what an evil place of settlement). That is to say: what an evil resting-place is Hell (jahannam) for whoever enters it. It was said that those who exchanged the favor of Allah for unbelief (kufr) were the Banū Umayya and the Banū Makhzūm.
Who said that:
We were told by Ibn Bashshār and Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq, who said: Abū Aḥmad related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn Zayd, on the authority of Yūsuf ibn Saʿd, on the authority of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, concerning His words: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ جَهَنَّمَ: he said: they are the two evil clans of Quraysh: Banū al-Mughīra and Banū Umayya. As for the Banū al-Mughīra: Allah destroyed them on the day of Badr; as for the Banū Umayya: they have been granted enjoyment until an appointed time.
Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Abū Nuʿaym al-Faḍl ibn Dukayn related to us, saying: Ḥamza al-Zayyāt informed us, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Murra, who said: Ibn ʿAbbās said to ʿUmar, may Allah be pleased with them both: "O Commander of the Faithful, this verse: الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — who are they?" He said: they are the two evil clans of Quraysh, the maternal uncles of my mother and the maternal uncles of your father. As for the uncles of my mother: Allah took them away from the root on the day of Badr; as for your uncles: Allah granted them a term until an appointed time.
Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq (46), on the authority of ʿAmr Dhī Murr, on the authority of ʿAlī: وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — he said: the two evil clans of Quraysh.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of ʿAmr Dhī Murr, on the authority of ʿAlī — the same.
Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq related to us, saying: Abū Aḥmad related to us, saying: Sufyān and Sharīk related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of ʿAmr Dhī Murr, on the authority of ʿAlī, concerning His words: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — he said: Banū al-Mughīra and Banū Umayya. As for the Banū al-Mughīra: Allah cut off their stock on the day of Badr; as for the Banū Umayya: they have been granted enjoyment until an appointed time.
Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, who said: I heard ʿAmr Dhā Murr saying: I heard ʿAlī saying concerning this verse: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — he said: the two evil clans of Banū Asad and Banū Makhzūm.
Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Ṣamad related to me, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of al-Qāsim ibn Abī Bazza, on the authority of Abū al-Ṭufayl, on the authority of ʿAlī: he said: they are the unbelievers (kuffār) of Quraysh — with respect to His words: وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ جَهَنَّمَ.
Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of al-Qāsim ibn Abī Bazza, on the authority of Abū al-Ṭufayl, that he heard ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, and Ibn al-Kawwāʾ asked him about this verse: الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — he said: they are the unbelievers (kuffār) of Quraysh on the day of Badr.
Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Abū al-Naḍr Hāshim ibn al-Qāsim related to us, on the authority of Shuʿba, on the authority of al-Qāsim ibn Abī Bazza, who said: I heard Abā al-Ṭufayl relate, who said: I heard ʿAlī — and he related something to the same effect.
Abū al-Sāʾib related to us, saying: Abū Muʿāwiya related to us, on the authority of Ismāʿīl ibn Sumayʿ, on the authority of Muslim al-Baṭīn, on the authority of Abū Arṭāʾa, on the authority of ʿAlī, concerning His words: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا — he said: they are the unbelievers (kuffār) of Quraysh — thus Abū al-Sāʾib said: Muslim al-Baṭīn, on the authority of Abū Arṭāʾa.
Al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad al-Zaʿfarānī related to us, saying: Abū Muʿāwiya al-Ḍarīr related to us, saying: Ismāʿīl ibn Sumayʿ related to us, on the authority of Muslim ibn Arṭāʾa, on the authority of ʿAlī, concerning His words: الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا — he said: the unbelievers (kuffār) of Quraysh.
Al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad related to us, saying: Yaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of al-Qāsim ibn Abī Bazza, on the authority of Abū al-Ṭufayl, on the authority of ʿAlī, who said concerning the word of Allah: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — he said: they are the unbelievers (kuffār) of Quraysh.
Al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad related to us, saying: Shabāba related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of al-Qāsim ibn Abī Bazza, who said: I heard Abā al-Ṭufayl relate, who said: I heard ʿAlī saying concerning this verse: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — he said: the unbelievers (kuffār) of Quraysh on the day of Badr.
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: al-Faḍl ibn Dukayn related to us, saying: Bassām al-Ṣayrafī related to us, saying: Abū al-Ṭufayl ʿĀmir ibn Wāthila related to us, who mentioned that ʿAlī stood up on the pulpit and said: "Ask me before you can no longer ask me — after me you will find no one like me." Ibn al-Kawwāʾ stood up and said: who are الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ? He said: the hypocrites (munāfiqīn) of Quraysh.
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd related to us, saying: Bassām related to us, on the authority of a man whom he named al-Ṭanāfisī, who said: a man went to ʿAlī and said: "O Commander of the Faithful: who are الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ?" He said: among Quraysh.
Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq related to us, saying: Abū Aḥmad related to us, saying: Bassām al-Ṣayrafī related to us, on the authority of Abū al-Ṭufayl, on the authority of ʿAlī, that he was asked about this verse: الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا — he said: the hypocrites (munāfiqīn) of Quraysh.
Al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad related to us, saying: ʿAffān related to us, saying: Ḥammād related to us, saying: ʿAmr ibn Dīnār related to us, that Ibn ʿAbbās said concerning His words: وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — he said: they are the polytheists (mushrikīn) of the people of Badr.
Al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Jabbār related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of ʿAmr, who said: I heard ʿAṭāʾ saying: I heard Ibn ʿAbbās saying: by Allah, they are the people of Mecca — الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿUmar related to us, on the authority of Muṭarraf ibn Ṭarīf, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, who said: I heard ʿAmr Dhā Murr saying: I heard ʿAlī on the pulpit saying — and he recited this verse: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ. He said: they are the two evil clans of Quraysh; as for the one: Allah cut off their stock on the day of Badr; as for the other: they have been granted enjoyment until an appointed time.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us; and al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Shabāba related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — all on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His words: بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا — he said: the unbelievers (kuffār) of Quraysh.
Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq related to us, saying: Abū Aḥmad related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb related to us, on the authority of Mujāhid — he said: the unbelievers (kuffār) of Quraysh.
Al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, saying: Shubl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا — the unbelievers (kuffār) of Quraysh.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — the same.
Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Ibn ʿUyayna informed us, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, who said: I heard Ibn ʿAbbās saying: by Allah, they are — الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — Quraysh, or he said: the people of Mecca.
Ibn Wakīʿ and Ibn Bashshār related to us, they said: Ghundar related to us, on the authority of Shuʿba, on the authority of Abū Bishr, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, concerning this verse: الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — he said: those slain on the day of Badr.
Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Ṣamad related to me, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of Abū Bishr, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — he said: they are the unbelievers (kuffār) of Quraysh.
Muḥammad ibn Bashshār and Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā related to us, they said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Hushaym related to us, on the authority of Ḥuṣayn, on the authority of Abū Mālik and Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, who said: they are those slain at Badr from among the polytheists (mushrikīn).
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn ʿUyayna related to us, on the authority of ʿAmr, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — he said: by Allah, they are the people of Mecca. Abū Kurayb said: Sufyān said: that is, their unbelievers.
Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: al-Ḥajjāj related to us, saying: Ḥammād related to us, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His words: وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — he said: they are the polytheists (mushrikīn) of the people of Badr.
Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: ʿAmr ibn ʿAwn related to us, saying: Hushaym informed us, on the authority of Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Khālid, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of some companions (ṣaḥāba) of ʿAlī, on the authority of ʿAlī, concerning His words: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا — he said: they are the two evil clans of Quraysh: Banū Makhzūm and Banū Umayya. As for the Banū Makhzūm: Allah cut off their stock on the day of Badr; as for the Banū Umayya: they have been granted enjoyment until an appointed time.
Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Muʿallā ibn Asad related to us, saying: Khālid informed us, on the authority of Ḥuṣayn, on the authority of Abū Mālik, concerning the word of Allah: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا — he said: they are the leaders of the polytheists (mushrikīn) on the day of Badr.
Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: ʿAmr ibn ʿAwn related to us, saying: Hushaym informed us, on the authority of Ḥuṣayn, on the authority of Abū Mālik and Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, who said: they are the unbelievers (kuffār) of Quraysh who were slain at Badr.
Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: ʿAmr ibn ʿAwn related to us, saying: Hushaym informed us, on the authority of Juwaybir, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk — he said: they are the unbelievers (kuffār) of Quraysh who were slain at Badr.
I was told by al-Ḥusayn, who said: I heard Abā Muʿādh saying: ʿUbayd ibn Sulaymān informed us, who said: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk saying concerning His words: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا — the verse: he said: they are the polytheists (mushrikīn) of the people of Mecca.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama ibn al-Faḍl related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq informed me, on the authority of some of his companions (ṣaḥāba), on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ ibn Yasār, who said: this verse was revealed concerning those of Quraysh who were killed — أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — the verse.
Bishr ibn Muʿādh related to us, saying: Yazīd ibn Zurayʿ related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His words: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ: we used to say that they were the people of Mecca, Abū Jahl and his companions whom Allah killed on the day of Badr. Allah said: جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا وَبِئْسَ الْقَرَارُ.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His words: وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — he said: they are the leaders of the polytheists (mushrikīn) on the day of Badr; they caused their people to descend into the abode of perdition: جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا.
Yūnus related to us, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said, concerning His words: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ: he said: these are the polytheists (mushrikīn) of the people of Badr. And others said concerning this: it is what Muḥammad ibn Saʿd told me, who said: my father told me, who said: my uncle told me, who said: my father told me, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His words: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا — those are Jabala ibn al-Ayham and those who followed him from among the Arabs and joined the Byzantines.
And according to what we said concerning the meaning of His words: وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — thus said the exegetes.
Who said that:
Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: ʿAmr ibn ʿAwn related to us, saying: Hushaym informed us, on the authority of Juwaybir, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk: وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — he said: they caused to descend whoever of their people obeyed them.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — he said: perdition. Ibn Jurayj said that Mujāhid said: وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ — he said: the companions of Badr.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said, concerning His words: دَارَ الْبَوَارِ: the Fire. He said: Allah clarified that and informed you of it by saying: جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا وَبِئْسَ الْقَرَارُ.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda: دَارَ الْبَوَارِ جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا — that is their abode in the Hereafter.
