Tafseer of Abraham · Ibrahim · 14:2
Allah, to whom belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And woe to the disbelievers from a severe punishment
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Abū Jaʿfar said: the reciters differed over the reading of this word.
The majority of the reciters of Medina and Syria read it: "Allāhu alladhī lahu mā fī al-samāwāti" — with the nominative of the divine name Allah as the subject (mubtadaʾ), and His words الَّذِي لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ (Who has what is in the heavens) as its predicate.
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The majority of the reciters of Iraq, Kūfa, and Basra read it: اللَّهِ الَّذِي — with the genitive of the divine name as following upon الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ (the Almighty, the Praiseworthy), for both stand in the genitive.
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The Arabic grammarians differed over its explanation when it was read thus.
Abū ʿAmr ibn al-ʿAlāʾ used to read it in the genitive. He said: its meaning is: "by the permission of their Lord to the path of [Allah] the Almighty, the Praiseworthy, Who has what is in the heavens." He says: it belongs to that which is placed later but whose meaning is that of being placed earlier, and he illustrates it with the saying of the speaker: "I passed by the shrewd ʿAbd Allāh" — the word that stands in the place of the name is the qualifying attribute, and then the name is put in the place of the qualifying attribute so that its case-ending follows the case-ending of the qualifying attribute which was put in the place of the name — as a poet said:
"Had I arrows and a (dry) bow, I would not fear the assaults of the wicked wolf."
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Al-Kisāʾī, however, said — as is reported from him — that whoever read the genitive intended to make it one whole and to attach the genitive to the genitive; and he read it in the genitive.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: the correct position on this matter, in my view, is that they are two famous readings, each of which has been transmitted by predecessors among the reciters; the meaning of both is one. With whichever of the two the reciter reads, he is correct. It is also possible that the one who read it in the nominative had in mind the meaning of the one who read the genitive — namely that the statements are linked to one another — but he put it in the nominative because of the separation from the preceding verse, as the Almighty, exalted be His praise, said: إِنَّ اللَّهَ اشْتَرَىٰ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنفُسَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُم to the end of the verse, and then said: التَّائِبُونَ الْعَابِدُونَ [Sūrah al-Tawba: 111, 112].
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The meaning of His words اللَّهِ الَّذِي لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ (Allah, Who has what is in the heavens and what is on the earth) is: Allah, Who possesses all that is in the heavens and what is on the earth.
He says to His prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: We have revealed this Book to you so that you would call my servants to the worship of Him Who has these attributes, and so that they would abandon the worship of those who can bring neither them nor themselves any benefit or harm — the false gods (ālihah) and the idols (awthān). Then the Almighty, exalted be His praise, threatens whoever disbelieved in Him and did not respond to the call of His messenger to that which he called them — namely the pure oneness due to Him — and says: وَوَيْلٌ لِّلْكَافِرِينَ مِنْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ (And woe to the disbelievers because of a severe punishment) — He says: the valley that oozes from the pus of the inhabitants of the Hellfire (jahannam), for whoever denied His oneness and worshipped others besides Him — because of Allah's severe punishment.