Tafseer of The Thunder · Ar-Ra'd · 13:14
To Him [alone] is the supplication of truth. And those they call upon besides Him do not respond to them with a thing, except as one who stretches his hands toward water [from afar, calling it] to reach his mouth, but it will not reach it [thus]. And the supplication of the disbelievers is not but in error [i.e. futility].
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted says: To Allah belongs, with respect to His creation, the true calling (daʿwa al-ḥaqq). The word "al-daʿwa" is identical to "al-ḥaqq" — just as "al-dār" is connected to "al-ākhira" in His saying وَلَدَارُ الْآخِرَةِ [Yūsuf: 109]. We have explained this previously.
By the "true calling" is meant: the oneness of Allah (tawḥīd) and the testimony that there is no god but Allah.
In accordance with what we have said, the exegetes have also explained this.
Mention is made of those who said this:
20280 — Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq related to us, saying: Abū Aḥmad related to us, saying: Isrāʾīl related to us, from Simāk, from ʿIkrima, from Ibn ʿAbbās: دَعْوَةُ الْحَقِّ — he said: "There is no god but Allah."
20281 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: ʿAbdullāh related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, from ʿAlī, from Ibn ʿAbbās, his saying: لَهُ دَعْوَةُ الْحَقِّ — he said: "The testimony that there is no god but Allah."
20282 — [...] he said: Isḥāq related to us, saying: ʿAbdullāh ibn Hāshim related to us, saying: Sayf related to us, from Abū Rawq, from Abū Ayyūb, from ʿAlī — may Allah have mercy on him: لَهُ دَعْوَةُ الْحَقِّ — he said: "the oneness of Allah (tawḥīd)."
20283 — Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, from Qatāda, his saying: لَهُ دَعْوَةُ الْحَقِّ — he said: "There is no god but Allah."
20284 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, from Ibn Jurayj, who said: Ibn ʿAbbās said concerning his saying لَهُ دَعْوَةُ الْحَقِّ — he said: "There is no god but Allah."
20285 — Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd, concerning his saying لَهُ دَعْوَةُ الْحَقِّ: "There is no god but Allah — this is fitting for none other than Him. It is not fitting to say: so-and-so is the god of the tribe of such-and-such."
And his saying وَالَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ (and those whom they call upon besides Him): The Exalted says: the gods whom the polytheists (mushrikīn) call upon as lords and gods.
And his saying مِن دُونِهِ (besides Him): that is to say: besides Allah.
By his saying مِن دُونِهِ (besides Him) He means the gods — that they fall short with respect to Him, and that they cannot be a god. There can be no god except Allah, the One, the Overwhelming. Hence also the word of the poet: "Do you threaten me from behind the Banū Riyāḥ? You lie — your hands shall fall short with respect to me." That is to say: your hands shall not reach me.
And his saying لَا يَسْتَجِيبُونَ لَهُمْ بِشَيْءٍ (they answer them with nothing): that is to say: these gods whom the polytheists call upon do not answer them with anything that they desire of benefit or the warding off of harm. إِلَّا كَبَاسِطِ كَفَّيْهِ إِلَى الْمَاءِ (except like one who stretches out his palms toward the water): that is to say: calling upon the gods benefits the caller nothing — just as it benefits nothing that a man stretches out his palms toward the water without scooping it up into a vessel. The water does not rise up to him through his calling, his gestures, and his attempt to grasp it.
The Arabs use as a proverb for someone who strives for something he does not attain: "the one who grasps water." A poet said: "My longing for you all and I — like one who grasps water that his fingers cannot carry." He means: he has nothing of it in his hand, like one who grasps water — for whoever grasps water has nothing in his hand. Another poet said: "What there was of love between me and her — like one who grasps water with his hand."
In accordance with what we have said about this, the exegetes also said.
Mention is made of those who said this:
20286 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: Sayf related to us, from Abū Rawq, from Abū Ayyūb, from ʿAlī — may Allah have mercy on him — concerning his saying: إِلَّا كَبَاسِطِ كَفَّيْهِ إِلَى الْمَاءِ لِيَبْلُغَ فَاهُ وَمَا هُوَ بِبَالِغِهِ — he said: "Like a thirsty man who stretches out his hand toward the well so that the water might rise up to him, but it does not reach him."
20287 — Al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad related to us, saying: Shabāba related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us, from Ibn Abī Najīḥ, from Mujāhid, his saying: كَبَاسِطِ كَفَّيْهِ إِلَى الْمَاءِ — "he calls upon the water with his tongue and beckons it with his hand, but it never comes to him."
20288 — [...] he said: Ḥajjāj related to us, from Ibn Jurayj, who said: al-Aʿraj informed me, from Mujāhid: لِيَبْلُغَ فَاهُ — "he calls upon it so that it might come to him, but it does not come. Likewise, the one who stands besides Him does not answer."
20289 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us, from Ibn Abī Najīḥ, from Mujāhid: كَبَاسِطِ كَفَّيْهِ إِلَى الْمَاءِ — "he calls upon the water with his tongue and beckons it with his hand, but it never comes to him."
20290 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, saying: Shibl related to us, from Ibn Abī Najīḥ, from Mujāhid.
20291 — [...] he said: Isḥāq related to us, saying: ʿAbdullāh related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us, from Ibn Abī Najīḥ, from Mujāhid — similarly.
20292 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, from Ibn Jurayj, from Mujāhid — similar to the narration of al-Ḥasan from Ḥajjāj. Ibn Jurayj said: al-Aʿraj said from Mujāhid: لِيَبْلُغَ فَاهُ — he said: "he calls upon it so that it might come to him, but it does not come. Likewise, the one who stands besides Him does not answer."
20293 — Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, from Qatāda, his saying: وَالَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ لَا يَسْتَجِيبُونَ لَهُمْ بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا كَبَاسِطِ كَفَّيْهِ إِلَى الْمَاءِ لِيَبْلُغَ فَاهُ وَمَا هُوَ بِبَالِغِهِ — "and it does not reach his mouth, even if his neck broke and he died of thirst." Allah the Exalted said: وَمَا دُعَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ إِلَّا فِي ضَلَالٍ. "This is a parable that Allah has set forth: The one who, besides Allah, calls upon this idol and this stone, never receives any answer, and good is never brought to him, nor evil warded off from him — until death reaches him. Like one who stretched out his arms toward the water so that it might reach his mouth, but it does not reach his mouth and he does not reach it — until he dies of thirst."
And others said: the meaning is: those whom they call upon besides Him answer them with nothing — except like one who stretches out his palms toward the water to grasp his own reflection in it, but he never attains that.
Mention is made of those who said this:
20294 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: ʿAbdullāh ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, from ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭalḥa, from Ibn ʿAbbās, his saying: كَبَاسِطِ كَفَّيْهِ إِلَى الْمَاءِ لِيَبْلُغَ فَاهُ — he said: "This is the parable of whoever worships another besides Allah. His likeness is that of a thirsty man who looks from afar at his reflection in the water — he wishes to grasp it but is unable to do so."
And others said concerning this:
20295 — Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, from his father, from Ibn ʿAbbās, his saying: وَالَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ لَا يَسْتَجِيبُونَ لَهُمْ بِشَيْءٍ until وَمَا دُعَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ إِلَّا فِي ضَلَالٍ — he said: "The likeness of the idols and those who are worshipped besides Allah is that of a man whose thirst has become so severe that death is near to him, while his two palms have been placed in the water but do not reach his mouth. Allah says: the gods do not answer and benefit the people who worship them nothing — until the palms of this man reach his mouth. And they never reach his mouth."
20296 — Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd, concerning his saying: وَالَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ لَا يَسْتَجِيبُونَ لَهُمْ بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا كَبَاسِطِ كَفَّيْهِ إِلَى الْمَاءِ لِيَبْلُغَ فَاهُ وَمَا هُوَ بِبَالِغِهِ — he said: "They benefit them nothing — just as this one benefits nothing by stretching out his palms toward something he will never attain."
And others said:
20297 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, from Maʿmar, from Qatāda: إِلَّا كَبَاسِطِ كَفَّيْهِ إِلَى الْمَاءِ لِيَبْلُغَ فَاهُ — "while the water does not reach his mouth as long as he keeps his palms stretched out without folding them together." وَمَا هُوَ بِبَالِغِهِ وَمَا دُعَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ إِلَّا فِي ضَلَالٍ — "This is a parable that Allah has set forth for whoever takes a god besides Allah: he benefits him nothing, and he wards off no evil from him — until he dies in that state."
And his saying وَمَا دُعَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ إِلَّا فِي ضَلَالٍ (and the calling of the disbelievers is only in error): that is to say: the calling of whoever disbelieves in Allah — of the idols and gods that he calls upon — إِلَّا فِي ضَلَالٍ (only in error) — that is to say: only in unrightness and no guidance, because he ascribes partners to Allah (shirk).