Tabari

Tafseer of Jonas · Yunus · 10:9

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ يَهْدِيهِمْ رَبُّهُم بِإِيمَٰنِهِمْ ۖ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهِمُ ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ فِى جَنَّٰتِ ٱلنَّعِيمِ

Indeed, those who have believed and done righteous deeds - their Lord will guide them because of their faith. Beneath them rivers will flow in the Gardens of Pleasure

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    The explanation of the tafsīr of the word of Allah the Exalted: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ يَهْدِيهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِإِيمَانِهِمْ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهِمُ الأَنْهَارُ فِي جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ (verse 9)

    (Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds, their Lord will guide them through their faith (īmān), rivers flowing beneath them in the gardens of bliss.)

    Abū Jaʿfar says: Allah the Exalted — may His remembrance be exalted — says: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ — indeed, those who have affirmed Allah and His Messenger as truthful, and وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ — that is to say: those who act in obedience to Allah and adhere to His command (7) — يَهْدِيهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِإِيمَانِهِمْ — that is to say: their Lord guides them through their faith in Him to Paradise (janna), as in:

    17558 — Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ يَهْدِيهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِإِيمَانِهِمْ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهِمُ الأَنْهَارُ فِي جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ: it has reached us that the Prophet of Allah ﷺ said: "When the believer comes forth from his grave, his deed is depicted for him in a beautiful form, and it says to him: 'Who are you? By Allah, I see you as a man of righteousness!' He answers: 'I am your deed!' And it becomes for him a light and a guide to Paradise. But the unbeliever (kāfir), when he comes forth from his grave, his deed is depicted for him in an evil form and an ugly appearance (8), and it says: 'Who are you? By Allah, I see you as an evil man!' He answers: 'I am your deed!' And it leads him along until it drives him into the Fire."

    17559 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the word of Allah: يَهْدِيهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِإِيمَانِهِمْ, he said: "It will be a light for them by which they walk."

    17560 — Al-Muthanná related to me, saying: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, saying: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid — the same.

    17561 — [text missing] he said: Isḥāq related to us, saying: Ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of Warqāʾ, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid — the same.

    17562 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — the same. And Ibn Jurayj said concerning يَهْدِيهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِإِيمَانِهِمْ: "His deed appears before him in a beautiful form and a pleasant fragrance, accompanies its owner and announces to him every good thing, and says to him: 'Who are you?' He answers: 'I am your deed!' And it makes a light go before him until it leads him into Paradise. That is His word: يَهْدِيهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِإِيمَانِهِمْ. And the unbeliever: his deed appears before him in an evil form and a stinking odor, and stays with its owner and clings to him until it casts him into the Fire. (9)"

    * * *

    And others said: the meaning of this is — through their faith their Lord guides them to His religion. That is to say: through their affirmation of the truth He guided them.

    * Mention of who said that:

    [the reports are missing in the manuscript] (10)

    * * *

    And His word: تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهِمُ الأَنْهَارُ — that is to say: beneath these believers, whose characteristics Allah the Exalted — may His praise be magnified — has described, flow the rivers of Paradise, فِي جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ — that is to say: in the gardens of bliss, with which Allah has gladdened the people of His obedience and of faith in Him. (11)

    * * *

    If someone were to say: how is it said تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهِمُ الأَنْهَارُ — "rivers flowing beneath them" — while Allah the Exalted — may His praise be magnified — describes the rivers of Paradise elsewhere in the Qurʾān as flowing beneath the gardens? And how can the rivers flow beneath them, unless they are above the ground while the rivers flow beneath the ground? But that is not how the rivers of Paradise are described, for their description is that they flow over the surface of the ground, without channels?

    To this it is said: its meaning is other than what you suppose. The meaning is: the rivers flow before them, ahead of them, in the gardens of bliss. This is similar to the word of Allah: قَدْ جَعَلَ رَبُّكِ تَحْتَكِ سَرِيًّا [Surah Maryam: 24] — (Your Lord has placed a stream beneath you). For it is clear that He did not place the "sarī" literally beneath her while she would be sitting upon it, for the "sarī" is the stream, and what is meant by it is: He placed it before her, ahead of her. And as Allah the Exalted — may His praise be magnified — says, by way of reporting the statement of Pharaoh: أَلَيْسَ لِي مُلْكُ مِصْرَ وَهَذِهِ الأَنْهَارُ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِي [Surah al-Zukhruf: 51] — (Does not the kingdom of Egypt belong to me, and these rivers that flow beneath me?) — with the meaning of: before me, ahead of me.

    ---

    Footnotes:

    (7) See the tafsīr of "al-ṣāliḥāt" in the previously mentioned registers of the language (ṣ-l-ḥ).

    (8) In the printed edition it reads "wa-bishāra" (and an announcement), but the correct reading according to the manuscript is what is established here.

    (9) In the printed edition it reads "wa-yulāduhu" with a dāl; the correct reading is established from the manuscript. "Lāzahu yulāzihu mulāzātan wa-lizāzan" means: he accompanied him continuously, clung to him, and did not depart from his side.

    (10) After the phrase "mention of who said that" nothing is recorded in the manuscript, and in the margin of the manuscript stands "kādhā" (thus it stands), which indicates an old dropping-out of text.

    (11) See the tafsīr of "jannāt al-naʿīm" in the previously mentioned volume 10: 461-462.

    Show original Arabic
    القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ يَهْدِيهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ بِإِيمَانِهِمْ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهِمُ الأَنْهَارُ فِي جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ (9) قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره: (إن الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات) ، إن الذين صدَّقوا الله ورسوله ، (وعملوا الصالحات)، وذلك العمل بطاعة الله والانتهاء إلى أمره (7) ، (يهديهم ربهم بإيمانهم) ، يقول: يرشدهم ربهم بإيمانهم به إلى الجنة، كما:- 17558- حدثنا بشر قال ، حدثنا يزيد قال ، حدثنا سعيد، عن قتادة قوله: (إن الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات يهديهم ربهم بإيمانهم تجري من تحتهم الأنهار في جنات النعيم) بلغنا أن نبيَّ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: إن المؤمن إذا خرج من قبره صُوِّر له عمله في صورة حَسَنة فيقول له: ما أنت؟ فوالله إني لأراك امرأ صِدْقٍ! فيقول: أنا عملك! فيكون له نورًا وقائدًا إلى الجنة. وأما الكافر إذا خرج من قبره صُوِّر له عمله في صورة سيئة وشارة سيئة (8) فيقول: ما أنت ؟ فوالله إني لأراك امرأ سَوْء! فيقول: أنا عملك! فينطلق به حتى يدخله النار. 17559- حدثني محمد بن عمرو قال ، حدثنا أبو عاصم قال ، حدثنا عيسى، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد في قول الله: (يهديهم ربهم بإيمانهم) ، قال: يكون لهم نورًا يمشون به. 17560- حدثني المثنى قال ، حدثنا أبو حذيفة قال ، حدثنا شبل، عن ابن أبي نجيح. عن مجاهد، مثله. 17561- . . . . قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال ، حدثنا ابن أبي جعفر، عن ورقاء، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، مثله. 17562- حدثنا القاسم قال ، حدثنا الحسين قال ، حدثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج، عن مجاهد، مثله ، وقال ابن جريج: (يهديهم ربهم بإيمانهم) ، قال: يَمْثُل له عمله في صورة حسنة وريحٍ طيبة، يعارِض صاحبه ويبشره بكل خير، فيقول له: من أنت؟ فيقول: أنا عملك! فيجعل له نورًا من بين يديه حتى يدخله الجنة، فذلك قوله: (يهديهم ربهم بإيمانهم). والكافر يَمْثل له عمله في صورة سيئة وريح منتنة، فيلازم صاحبه ويُلازُّهُ حتى يقذفه في النار. (9) * * * وقال آخرون: معنى ذلك: بإيمانهم ، يهديهم ربهم لدينه. يقول: بتصديقهم هَدَاهم. * ذكر من قال ذلك: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (10) * * * وقوله: (تجري من تحتهم الأنهار) ، يقول: تجري من تحت هؤلاء المؤمنين الذين وصف جل ثناؤه صفتهم ، أنهار الجنة ، ( في جنات النعيم) ، يقول في بساتين النعيم ، الذي نعَّم الله به أهل طاعته والإيمان به. (11) * * * فإن قال قائل: وكيف قيل : ( تجري من تحتهم الأنهار) ، وإنما وصف جل ثناؤه أنهار الجنة في سائر القرآن أنها تجري تحت الجنات؟ وكيف يمكن الأنهار أن تجري من تحتهم ، إلا أن يكونوا فوق أرضها والأنهار تجري من تحت أرضها؟ وليس ذلك من صفة أنهار الجنة، لأن صفتها أنها تجري على وجه الأرض في غير أخاديد؟ قيل: إن معنى ذلك بخلاف ما إليه ذهبتَ، وإنما معنى ذلك: تجري من دونهم الأنهار إلى ما بين أيديهم في بساتين النعيم، وذلك نظير قول الله: قَدْ جَعَلَ رَبُّكِ تَحْتَكِ سَرِيًّا [سورة مريم: 24]. ومعلوم أنه لم يجعل " السري" تحتها وهي عليه قاعدة ، إذ كان " السري" هو الجدول ، وإنما عني به : جعل دونها: بين يديها، وكما قال جل ثناؤه مخبرًا عن قيل فرعون، أَلَيْسَ لِي مُلْكُ مِصْرَ وَهَذِهِ الأَنْهَارُ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِي ، [سورة الزخرف: 51] ، بمعنى: من دوني، بين يديّ. ------------------- الهوامش : (7) انظر تفسير " الصالحات " فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( صلح ) . (8) في المطبوعة : " وبشارة " ، والصواب ما أثبته من المخطوطة . (9) في المطبوعة : " ويلاده" ؛ بالدال ، وأثبت في المخطوطة. " لازه يلازه ملازاة ولزازًا" قارنه ولزمه ولصق به (10) لم يذكر شيئًا بعد قوله : " ذكر من قال ذلك " ، وفي هامش المخطوطة " كذا " ، وهو دليل على أنه سقط قديم . (11) انظر تفسير " جنات النعيم " فيما سلف 10 : 461 ، 462 .