Tafseer of Jonas · Yunus · 10:38
Or do they say [about the Prophet], "He invented it?" Say, "Then bring forth a surah like it and call upon [for assistance] whomever you can besides Allah, if you should be truthful."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The discussion of the explanation of the word of Allah, the Exalted: أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِثْلِهِ وَادْعُوا مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ (38)
(Or do they say: "He has fabricated it"? Say then: "Bring forth a sūra like it, and call upon whomever you can besides Allah, if you are truthful.")
Abū Jaʿfar says: Allah, the Exalted, here says: "Or do these polytheists (mushrikīn) say: 'Muḥammad has himself fabricated this Qurʾān and himself put it together and forged it?' Say then, O Muḥammad, to them: 'If it is as you say — that I have fabricated and forged it — then you, just like me, are of the Arabs; my language is like your language, and my speech is like your speech; bring forth, then, a sūra equivalent to this Qurʾān.'"
* * *
The "hāʾ" in the word "mithlihi" (مثله) is a reference to the Qurʾān.
Some grammarians of Baṣra used to say: the meaning of it is: "Say then: bring forth a sūra equivalent to its sūra" — whereupon then the word "sūra" was omitted and the word "equivalent" was connected to that to which "sūra" was formerly connected, just as it was said: وَاسْأَلِ الْقَرْيَةَ (Sūrat Yūsuf: 82) — by which is meant: "and ask the inhabitants of the village."
* * *
Others among them rejected this view and claimed that the meaning is: "Bring forth a Qurʾān equivalent to this Qurʾān."
* * *
Abū Jaʿfar says: The correct view on this matter, in my judgment, is that "the sūra" is indeed a sūra of the Qurʾān — and it is Qurʾān, even if it is not the complete Qurʾān. For this reason it was said to them: فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِثْلِهِ — and not "mithla-hā" (مثلها) — because the reference is directed toward the meaning, that is, toward the meaning of "sūra," not toward its word-form. For if the reference were directed toward the word-form, it would have been said: "Bring forth, then, a sūra equivalent to it" [with a feminine suffix].
* * *
وَادْعُوا مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ — He says: "And call, O polytheists, to bring forth a sūra equivalent to it, upon whomever you can call to that from among your allies and associates — مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ — that is: from others than Allah. Join together for that and do your utmost, for you shall never be able to bring forth a sūra equivalent to it."
* * *
إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ — He says: "If you are truthful in your claim that Muḥammad has fabricated it, then bring forth a sūra equivalent to it, with all the help of whoever can assist you in that. If you do not do that, then it is beyond doubt that you are liars in your claim that Muḥammad has fabricated it — for Muḥammad is indeed no more than a human being like you. And if the whole of creation does not succeed in bringing forth a sūra equivalent to it, then a single human being among them is far more incapable of bringing forth the entire Qurʾān."