Tafseer of Jonas · Yunus · 10:2
Have the people been amazed that We revealed [revelation] to a man from among them, [saying], "Warn mankind and give good tidings to those who believe that they will have a [firm] precedence of honor with their Lord"? [But] the disbelievers say, "Indeed, this is an obvious magician."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The statement concerning the explanation of the words of Allah, the Exalted: أَكَانَ لِلنَّاسِ عَجَبًا أَنْ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ أَنْذِرِ النَّاسَ (Was it a wonder to mankind that We revealed to a man from among them: Warn mankind?)
Abū Jaʿfar says: Allah, the Exalted, says: Was it a wonder to mankind that We revealed the Qurʾān to a man from among them, so that he might warn them of the punishment (ʿadhāb) of Allah for their disobedience to Him — as though they did not know that, before him, Allah had revealed to people of like kind among mankind, and so they showed astonishment at Our revelation to him. (10)
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And in accordance with what we have said about this, the exegetes of the Qurʾān spoke.
* Mention of who said that:
17527 — Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: ʿUthmān ibn Saʿīd related to us, saying: Bishr ibn ʿUmāra related to us, on the authority of Abū Rawq, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: When Allah sent Muḥammad as a messenger, the Arabs denied that — or those among them who denied it — and they said: "Allah is too great to make His messenger a human being like Muḥammad!" Then Allah, the Exalted, sent down: أكان للناس عجبًا أن أوحينا إلى رجل منهم (Was it a wonder to mankind that We revealed to a man from among them?), and He said: وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ إِلا رِجَالا (And We sent not before you but men) [Sūrah Yūsuf (12:109)].
17528 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, who said: Quraysh marveled that a man from among them was sent. He said: And comparable to it is: وَإِلَى عَادٍ أَخَاهُمْ هُودًا (And to ʿĀd their brother Hūd) [Sūrah al-Aʿrāf (7:65)], and وَإِلَى ثَمُودَ أَخَاهُمْ صَالِحًا (And to Thamūd their brother Ṣāliḥ) [Sūrah al-Aʿrāf (7:73)]. Allah said: أَوَعَجِبْتُمْ أَنْ جَاءَكُمْ ذِكْرٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْكُمْ (Do you wonder that a reminder from your Lord has come to you through a man from among you?) [Sūrah al-Aʿrāf (7:69)].
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The statement concerning the explanation of the words of Allah, the Exalted: وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنَّ لَهُمْ قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ (And give glad tidings to those who believe that they have an honorable standing with their Lord)
Abū Jaʿfar says: Allah, the Exalted, says: Was it then a wonder to mankind that We revealed to a man from among them: warn mankind, and give glad tidings to those who believe in Allah and His messenger: أَنَّ لَهُمْ قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ (that they have an honorable standing) — this is a continuation upon أَنْذِرِ (warn).
The exegetes differed concerning the meaning of His words قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ (an honorable standing). Some said: its meaning is: that they have a goodly reward on account of the righteous deeds they have sent forward.
* Mention of who said that:
17529 — Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Al-Muḥāribī related to us, on the authority of Juwaybir, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk: أَنَّ لَهُمْ قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ (that they have an honorable standing with their Lord), he said: a true reward.
17530 — [he said]: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Rajāʾ related to us, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Kathīr, on the authority of Mujāhid: أَنَّ لَهُمْ قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ (that they have an honorable standing with their Lord), he said: the righteous deeds.
17531 — Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His words وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنَّ لَهُمْ قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ (And give glad tidings to those who believe that they have an honorable standing with their Lord): he said: a goodly reward on account of the deeds they have sent forward.
17532 — Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Zayd ibn Ḥabbāb al-Tamīmī related to us, on the authority of Ibrāhīm ibn Yazīd al-Khawzī, on the authority of al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Mughīth, on the authority of Mujāhid: أَنَّ لَهُمْ قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ (that they have an honorable standing with their Lord), he said: their prayer, their fasting, their alms, and their glorification of Allah. (11)
17533 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ (an honorable standing), he said: good.
17534 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, saying: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ (an honorable standing), the same.
17535 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, the same.
17536 — [he said]: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Abū Jaʿfar, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ ibn Anas, who said: قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ (an honorable standing), a true reward عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ (with their Lord).
17537 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: Ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ, the same.
17538 — Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said, concerning His words وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنَّ لَهُمْ قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ (And give glad tidings to those who believe that they have an honorable standing), he said: "The honorable standing of truthfulness" is the true reward for truthfulness, on account of the deeds they have sent forward.
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Others said: its meaning is: that they have, in the Preserved Tablet, a felicity previously decreed for them.
* Mention of who said that:
17539 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya ibn Ṣāliḥ related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His words وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنَّ لَهُمْ قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ (And give glad tidings to those who believe that they have an honorable standing with their Lord): he said: felicity has already preceded for them in the former Scripture.
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Yet others said: the meaning of this is that Muḥammad, may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and his family, is their intercessor — an honorable standing of truthfulness.
* Mention of who said that:
17540 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Ādam related to us, on the authority of Fuḍayl ibn ʿAmr ibn al-Jawwn, on the authority of Qatāda — or al-Ḥasan —: أَنَّ لَهُمْ قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ (that they have an honorable standing with their Lord), he said: Muḥammad is their intercessor. (12)
17541 — Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His words وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنَّ لَهُمْ قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ (And give glad tidings to those who believe that they have an honorable standing with their Lord): that is to say: a precedent standing of truthfulness with their Lord.
17542 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Zubayr related to us, on the authority of Ibn ʿUyayna, on the authority of Zayd ibn Aslam, concerning His words أَنَّ لَهُمْ قَدَمَ صِدْقٍ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ (that they have an honorable standing with their Lord): he said: Muḥammad, may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.
* * *
Abū Jaʿfar says: The most correct of these opinions, in my judgment, is the opinion of him who said: its meaning is that they have with Allah righteous deeds, for which they deserve a reward from Him.
* * *
And that is because it is transmitted from the Arabs: "These are the people of honorable standing (ahl al-qadam) in Islam" — that is to say: these are those who have gone forward well therein and have attained a foremost position therein. And one says: "He has with me an honorable standing of truthfulness, and an honorable standing of evil" — that is, what he has sent forward to me of good or evil. And to this belongs the saying of Ḥassān ibn Thābit:
"Ours is the highest honorable standing over you, and ours is the covenant — the first of us follows in obedience to Allah." (13)
And the saying of Dhū al-Rumma:
"You have an honorable standing which the people do not deny rises, together with ancient nobility, above the sea." (14)
* * *
Abū Jaʿfar says: The explanation of the words, then, is: And give glad tidings to those who believe that they have a stock of good righteous deeds sent forward with their Lord.
* * *
The statement concerning the explanation of the words of Allah, the Exalted: قَالَ الْكَافِرُونَ إِنَّ هَذَا لَسَاحِرٌ مُبِينٌ (The disbelievers (kāfir) said: "Truly, this is a manifest sorcerer") (2)
Abū Jaʿfar says: The reciters of the Qurʾān differed concerning the recitation of this.
Most of the reciters of the people of Medina and Basra recited it as إِنَّ هَذَا لَسِحْرٌ مُبِينٌ — with the meaning: "Truly, what you have brought us" — by which they mean the Qurʾān — "is a manifest sorcery."
* * *
Masrūq, Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, and a group of the reciters of Kufa recited it as إِنَّ هَذَا لَسَاحِرٌ مُبِينٌ (Truly, this is a manifest sorcerer).
* * *
And I have, in the past, explained among comparable cases: that everyone described by an attribute — the one described points to his attribute, and his attribute to him. (15)
The reader has the choice in the recitation of this, and this is comparable to this passage: قال الكافرون إن هذا لسحر مبين (The disbelievers said: Truly, this is a manifest sorcery) and "a manifest sorcerer". (16)
And that is because they described him as a "sorcerer," and their description of what he brought them as "sorcery" indicates that they described him with sorcery. And if that is so, then it does not matter with whichever of the two recitations the reader recites, because of the agreement in the meaning of the two recitations.
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And in the text there is an elided portion, for which the indication of what is mentioned suffices in place of the elided portion; and that is: "When he warned them and gave them the glad tidings and recited the revelation to them" — the disbelievers said: "Truly, what he has brought us is a manifest sorcery."
* * *
Abū Jaʿfar says: The explanation of the words, then, is: Was it a wonder to mankind that We revealed to a man from among them: warn mankind, and give glad tidings to those who believe that they have an honorable standing of truthfulness with their Lord? When he brought them the revelation of Allah and recited it to them, those who rejected the oneness of Allah and the messengership of His messenger said: "Truly, what Muḥammad has brought us is a manifest sorcery" — that is to say: it makes clear to you that he is lying in what he claims. (17)