Tafseer of The Repentance · At-Tawba · 9:55
So let not their wealth or their children impress you. Allah only intends to punish them through them in worldly life and that their souls should depart [at death] while they are disbelievers.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of His word: فَلا تُعْجِبْكَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَلا أَوْلادُهُمْ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُعَذِّبَهُمْ بِهَا فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَتَزْهَقَ أَنْفُسُهُمْ وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ (9:55) (So let not their wealth nor their children impress you with admiration; Allah only wishes to punish them thereby in the worldly life, and that their souls depart while they are disbelievers.)
Abū Jaʿfar said: The exegetes (ahl al-taʾwīl) differed concerning the explanation of this.
Some of them said: its meaning is: let not the wealth of these hypocrites nor their children impress you with admiration, O Muḥammad, in the worldly life; Allah only wishes to punish them thereby in the Hereafter. They said: the meaning of this rests upon a fronting (taqdīm), while it [in the sentence structure] is postponed.
* Mention of who said that:
16804 — Bišr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: "Let not their wealth nor their children impress you with admiration," he said: this belongs to the frontings of the wording. He says: let not their wealth nor their children impress you with admiration in the worldly life; Allah only wishes to punish them thereby in the Hereafter.
16805 — Al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: Allah only wishes to punish them thereby in the Hereafter.
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And others said: no, the meaning of this is: Allah only wishes to punish them thereby in the worldly life, through the obligations He has imposed upon them therein.
* Mention of who said that:
16806 — It was related to me on the authority of al-Musayyab ibn Šarīk, on the authority of Salmān al-Anṣārī, on the authority of al-Ḥasan: "Allah only wishes to punish them thereby in the worldly life," he said: through the collection of the zakāh and spending in the way of Allah.
16807 — Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word: "Allah only wishes to punish them thereby in the worldly life," through the calamities therein; these are a punishment for them, but for the believers a reward.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: The correct of the two explanations concerning this is, in our judgment, the explanation which we have related from al-Ḥasan, for that is the apparent sense of the revelation. Directing its interpretation to that which its apparent sense indicates is more fitting than directing it to an inner meaning for which there exists no indication of correctness.
The one who directed this to the fronting, while it [in the sentence structure] is postponed, did so only because he knew of no way in which Allah's punishment of the hypocrites by means of their wealth and their children in the worldly life could be directed. He said: how can He punish them thereby in the worldly life, while these are a source of joy for them therein? But it escaped him to direct this to the fact that it belongs to the gravest punishment for him that there is imposed upon him what Allah has imposed upon him therein of rights and obligations; for it is imposed upon him and taken from him while he is not content of heart, neither hoping for a reward from Allah, nor for praise or thanks from the one who takes it from him, in displeasure and with reluctance.
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As for His word: "And that their souls depart while they are disbelievers," thereby He means: and that their souls go out, so that they die in their disbelief in Allah and their denial of the prophethood of Allah's Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ.
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One says concerning this: "zahaqat nafs fulān" and "zahiqat" (the soul of so-and-so has departed). Whoever says "zahaqat" says [in the present tense] "tazhaq," and whoever says "zahiqat" says "tazhaq," "zuhūqan." From this is also derived the expression: "zahaqa fulān bayna aydī al-qawm yazhaqu zuhūqan" when he outstrips them and goes ahead of them. And one says: "zahaqa al-bāṭil" (the false has departed), when it vanishes and is effaced.