Tafseer of The Repentance · At-Tawba · 9:3
And [it is] an announcement from Allah and His Messenger to the people on the day of the greater pilgrimage that Allah is disassociated from the disbelievers, and [so is] His Messenger. So if you repent, that is best for you; but if you turn away - then know that you will not cause failure to Allah. And give tidings to those who disbelieve of a painful punishment.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The discourse on the explanation of His saying: وَأَذَانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْحَجِّ الأَكْبَرِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ بَرِيءٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَرَسُولُهُ (And a proclamation from Allah and His Messenger to the people on the day of the greater pilgrimage (al-ḥajj al-akbar), that Allah is free of the polytheists, and His Messenger as well.)
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose mention is exalted, says: and a proclamation from Allah and His Messenger to the people on the day of the greater pilgrimage.
* * *
We have already, earlier in this book of ours, expounded the meaning of "al-adhān" (the proclamation), together with its proofs.
* * *
And Sulaymān ibn Mūsā said concerning it what follows:
16380 - Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to us, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, who said: Sulaymān ibn Mūsā al-Shāmī asserted that His saying (and a proclamation from Allah and His Messenger) — he said: "the proclamation" is the recounting, the opening of "Barāʾa" (Sūrat al-Tawba) up to where it ends at وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً فَسَوْفَ يُغْنِيكُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ (and if you fear poverty, then Allah will enrich you out of His bounty) [Sūrat al-Tawba: 28]; that is twenty-eight āyāt.
16381 - Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His saying (and a proclamation from Allah and His Messenger): he said: a proclamation from Allah and His Messenger.
* * *
And the nominative case (rafʿ) of His saying (and a proclamation from Allah) is a conjunction (ʿaṭf) upon His saying (a disavowal from Allah), as though He said: this is a disavowal from Allah and His Messenger, and a proclamation from Allah.
* * *
As for His saying (on the day of the greater pilgrimage): concerning it there is disagreement among the people of knowledge.
Some of them said: it is the day of ʿArafa.
* Mention of those who said that:
16382 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam related to us, saying: Abū Zurʿa Wahb Allāh ibn Rāshid informed us, saying: Ḥaywa ibn Shurayḥ informed us, saying: Abū Ṣakhr informed us: that he heard Abū Muʿāwiya al-Bajalī, one of the people of Kūfa, say: I heard Abū al-Ṣahbāʾ al-Bakrī say: I asked ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, may Allah be pleased with him, about "the day of the greater pilgrimage," and he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Abū Bakr ibn Abī Quḥāfa, may Allah be pleased with him, to lead the people in the pilgrimage, and he sent me along with him with forty āyāt of Barāʾa, until he came to ʿArafa and addressed the people on the day of ʿArafa. When he had completed his address, he turned to me and said: "Stand up, O ʿAlī, and convey the message of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ!" Then I stood up and recited to them forty āyāt of Barāʾa. Then we returned, until we came to Minā, where I cast stones at the jamra (stone pillar) and slaughtered the sacrificial animal (al-badana), then shaved my head. And I knew that the people of [the assembly at] al-Jamʿ had not witnessed Abū Bakr's address on the day of ʿArafa, so I began going around the tents and reading [the message] to them. From this — I think — you supposed that it was the day of sacrifice (al-naḥr); no, it was the day of ʿArafa.
16383 - Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, who said: I asked Abū Juḥayfa about "the day of the greater pilgrimage," and he said: the day of ʿArafa. I said: Is that from you, or from the companions of Muḥammad? He said: That, all of it together.
16384 - Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Ibn Jurayj informed us, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, who said: The greater pilgrimage is the day of ʿArafa.
16385 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: My father related to us, on the authority of ʿUmar ibn al-Walīd al-Shannī, on the authority of Shihāb ibn ʿAbbād al-ʿAṣarī, on the authority of his father, who said: ʿUmar, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of ʿArafa. = Then I mentioned that to Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab, and he said: I report to you on the authority of Ibn ʿUmar: that ʿUmar said: The greater pilgrimage is the day of ʿArafa.
16386 - Al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz related to us, saying: ʿUmar ibn al-Walīd al-Shannī related to us, saying: Shihāb ibn ʿAbbād al-ʿAṣarī related to us, on the authority of his father, who said: I heard ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, may Allah's mercy be upon him, say: This day, the day of ʿArafa, is the day of the greater pilgrimage; so let no one fast on that day. He said: Afterwards I performed the pilgrimage after my father and came to Medina, and I asked about the most excellent of its inhabitants, and they said: Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab. So I came to him and said: I have asked about the most excellent of the inhabitants of Medina, and they said: Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab. So inform me about fasting on the day of ʿArafa. He said: I report to you on the authority of one who is a hundred times more excellent than I: ʿUmar — or: Ibn ʿUmar — forbade fasting on that day and said: It is the day of the greater pilgrimage.
16387 - Al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Ṣamad ibn Ḥabīb related to us, on the authority of Maʿqil ibn Dāwūd, who said: I heard Ibn al-Zubayr say: This day of ʿArafa is the day of the greater pilgrimage; so let no one fast on that day.
16388 - Al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz related to us, saying: Ghālib ibn ʿUbayd Allāh related to us, saying: I asked ʿAṭāʾ about the day of the greater pilgrimage, and he said: the day of ʿArafa; so depart from there before the break of dawn.
16389 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Bakr related to us, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, who said: Muḥammad ibn Qays ibn Makhrama informed me, saying: The Prophet ﷺ delivered an address on the evening of ʿArafa and then said: "As to what follows" = and he never began an address without saying: "As to what follows" = "and this was the day of the greater pilgrimage."
16390 - Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq related to us, saying: Abū Aḥmad related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb related to us, on the authority of Mujāhid, who said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of ʿArafa.
16391 - Al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Isḥāq ibn Sulaymān related to us, on the authority of Salama ibn Bukht, on the authority of ʿIkrima, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of ʿArafa.
16392 - Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, who said: Ṭāwūs informed me, on the authority of his father, who said: We said: What is the greater pilgrimage? He said: the day of ʿArafa.
16393 - Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn Idrīs related to us, saying: Ibn Jurayj informed us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Qays ibn Makhrama: that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ delivered an address on the day of ʿArafa and said: This is the day of the greater pilgrimage.
* * *
And others said: it is the day of sacrifice (al-naḥr).
* Mention of those who said that:
16394 - Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of al-Ḥārith, on the authority of ʿAlī, who said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16395 - Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Muṣʿab ibn Sallām related to us, on the authority of al-Ajlaḥ, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of al-Ḥārith, who said: I heard ʿAlī say: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16396 - Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Ḥakkām related to us, saying: ʿAnbasa related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of al-Ḥārith, who said: I asked ʿAlī about the greater pilgrimage, and he said: It is the day of sacrifice.
16397 - Ibn Abī al-Shawārib related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Wāḥid related to us, saying: Sulaymān al-Shaybānī related to us, saying: I asked ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Awfā about the greater pilgrimage, he said: Then he said: the day of sacrifice.
16398 - Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of ʿAyyāsh al-ʿĀmirī, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Awfā, who said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16399 - ...... he said: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Awfā, who said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16400 - Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik, who said: Abū Salama and I entered upon ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Awfā. He said: Then I asked him about the day of the greater pilgrimage, and he said: the day of sacrifice, the day on which the blood is shed.
16401 - ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn Bayān related to us, saying: Isḥāq informed us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh, who said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16402 - Abū Kurayb and Abū al-Sāʾib related to us, they said: Ibn Idrīs related to us, on the authority of al-Shaybānī, who said: I asked Ibn Abī Awfā about the day of the greater pilgrimage, he said: It is the day of sacrifice.
16403 - Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Hushaym related to us, saying: Al-Shaybānī informed us, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Awfā, who said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16404 - ...... he said: Hushaym related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr informed us, saying: I heard ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Awfā, when he was asked about His saying (the day of the greater pilgrimage), say: It is the day on which the blood is shed and the hair is shaved.
16405 - Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Abū Dāwūd related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of al-Ḥakam, who said: I heard Yaḥyā ibn al-Jazzār relate, on the authority of ʿAlī: that on the day of sacrifice he rode out on a white mule, heading for the cemetery (al-jabbāna). Then a man came to him and seized the rein of his mule and asked him about the greater pilgrimage. He said: It is this day of yours; let her [the mule] go.
16406 - ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn Bayān related to us, saying: Isḥāq related to us, on the authority of Mālik ibn Mighwal and Shutayr, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of al-Ḥārith, on the authority of ʿAlī, who said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16407 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Ibn ʿUyayna related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of al-Ḥārith, on the authority of ʿAlī, who said: He was asked about the day of the greater pilgrimage, and he said: It is the day of sacrifice.
16408 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: My father related to us, on the authority of Shuʿba, on the authority of al-Ḥakam, on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn al-Jazzār, on the authority of ʿAlī: that a man met him on the day of sacrifice and seized his rein and asked him about the day of the greater pilgrimage. He said: It is this day.
16409 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Ādam related to us, on the authority of Qays, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr and ʿAyyāsh al-ʿĀmirī, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Awfā, who said: It is the day on which the blood is shed.
16410 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Ibn ʿUyayna related to us, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr, on the authority of Ibn Abī Awfā, who said: The greater pilgrimage is the day on which the blood is shed, and the hair is shaved, and the prohibition [the state of iḥrām] is lifted.
16411 - ʿĪsā ibn ʿUthmān ibn ʿĪsā al-Ramlī related to me, saying: Yaḥyā ibn ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sinān, who said: Al-Mughīra ibn Shuʿba addressed us on the day of the festival of sacrifice (al-aḍḥā) upon a camel and said: This is the day of the festival of sacrifice, and this is the day of sacrifice, and this is the day of the greater pilgrimage.
16412 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: My father related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sinān, who said: Al-Mughīra ibn Shuʿba addressed us on the day of the festival of sacrifice upon a camel and said: This is the day of the festival of sacrifice, and this is the day of sacrifice, and this is the day of the greater pilgrimage.
16413 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: My father related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sinān, who said: Al-Mughīra ibn Shuʿba addressed us — and he mentioned something similar.
16414 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Ḥammād ibn Salama, on the authority of Simāk, on the authority of ʿIkrima, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16415 - Ibn Abī al-Shawārib related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Wāḥid related to us, saying: Sulaymān al-Shaybānī related to us, saying: I heard Saʿīd ibn Jubayr say: The greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16416 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: ʿUbayd Allāh related to us, on the authority of Isrāʾīl, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Abū Juḥayfa, who said: The greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16417 - Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of Abū Bishr, who said: ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās and a man of the lineage of Shayba disputed about "the day of the greater pilgrimage." ʿAlī said: It is the day of sacrifice. And the one of the lineage of Shayba said: It is the day of ʿArafa. Then they sent to Saʿīd ibn Jubayr and asked him, and he said: It is the day of sacrifice. Do you not see that whoever misses the day of ʿArafa does not [thereby] miss the pilgrimage, but when he misses the day of sacrifice, then he has missed the pilgrimage?
16418 - Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Hushaym related to us, saying: Yūnus informed us, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, that he said: The greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice. He said: Then I said to him: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Shayba and Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās differed about that. Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī said: It is the day of sacrifice. And ʿAbd Allāh said: It is the day of ʿArafa. Then Saʿīd ibn Jubayr said: Do you see it thus, that when a man misses the day of ʿArafa, he would miss the pilgrimage? But when he misses the day of sacrifice, then he has missed the pilgrimage!
16419 - Abū Kurayb and Abū al-Sāʾib related to us, they said: Ibn Idrīs related to us, on the authority of al-Shaybānī, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, who said: The greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16420 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Al-Muʿtamir ibn Sulaymān related to us, on the authority of his father, he said: A man related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Qays ibn ʿUbāda, who said: The tenth of Dhū al-Ḥijja is the sacrifice, and it is the day of the greater pilgrimage.
16421 - Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Shaddād, who said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice, and the lesser pilgrimage (al-ḥajj al-aṣghar) is the ʿumra.
16422 - ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn Bayān related to us, saying: Isḥāq informed us, on the authority of Sharīk, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Shaddād ibn al-Hād, who said: The greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16423 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Al-Muḥāribī related to us, on the authority of Muslim al-Ḥajabī, who said: I asked Nāfiʿ ibn Jubayr ibn Muṭʿim about the day of the greater pilgrimage, he said: the day of sacrifice.
16424 - Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Ḥakkām related to us, on the authority of ʿAnbasa, on the authority of al-Mughīra, on the authority of Ibrāhīm, who said: They used to say: The greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16425 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: My father related to us, on the authority of Isrāʾīl, on the authority of Jābir, on the authority of ʿĀmir, who said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day on which the blood is shed, and on which the prohibition is lifted.
16426 - Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Hushaym related to us, saying: Mughīra informed us, on the authority of Ibrāhīm, that he said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice, on which every prohibition is lifted.
16427 - ...... he said: Hushaym related to us, on the authority of Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Khālid, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, on the authority of ʿAlī, who said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16428 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Abū Usāma related to us, on the authority of Ibn ʿAwn, who said: I asked Muḥammad [ibn Sīrīn] about the day of the greater pilgrimage, and he said: It was a day on which the pilgrimage of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ coincided with the pilgrimage of the people of the wool (ahl al-wabar, the bedouins).
16429 - Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Al-Ḥakam ibn Bashīr related to us, saying: ʿUmar ibn Dharr related to us, saying: I asked Mujāhid about the day of the greater pilgrimage, and he said: It is the day of sacrifice.
16430 - Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Isrāʾīl related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Mujāhid: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16431 - Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq related to us, saying: Abū Aḥmad related to us, saying: Isrāʾīl related to us, on the authority of Thawr, on the authority of Mujāhid: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16432 - Aḥmad related to us, saying: Abū Aḥmad related to us, saying: Isrāʾīl related to us, on the authority of Jābir, on the authority of ʿĀmir, who said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice. = And ʿIkrima said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice, the day on which the blood is shed and on which the prohibition is lifted. = He said: And Mujāhid said: The day on which the entire pilgrimage is brought together, that is the day of the greater pilgrimage.
16433 - ...... he said: Isrāʾīl related to us, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Aʿlā, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16434 - ...... he said: Isrāʾīl related to us, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Aʿlā, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, the like of it.
16435 - ...... he said: Abū Aḥmad related to us, saying: Ḥammād ibn Salama related to us, on the authority of Simāk ibn Ḥarb, on the authority of ʿIkrima, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, the like of it.
16436 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, who said: ʿAlī said: The greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice. = He said: And al-Zuhrī said: The day of sacrifice is the day of the greater pilgrimage.
16437 - Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Wahb related to us, saying: My uncle ʿAbd Allāh ibn Wahb related to us, saying: Yūnus and ʿAmr informed me, on the authority of al-Zuhrī, on the authority of Ḥumayd ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me along with Abū Bakr during the pilgrimage which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had commanded him [to lead], before the Farewell Pilgrimage, in a group that proclaimed among the people on the day of sacrifice: Truly, after this year no polytheist shall perform the pilgrimage, and no naked person shall circumambulate the House. = Al-Zuhrī said: And Ḥumayd used to say: The day of sacrifice is the day of the greater pilgrimage.
16438 - Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq related to us, saying: Al-Shaʿbī informed us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, who said: I asked ʿAbd Allāh ibn Shaddād about the greater pilgrimage and the lesser pilgrimage, and he said: The greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice, and the lesser pilgrimage is the ʿumra.
16439 - ...... he said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, who said: I asked ʿAbd Allāh ibn Shaddād — and he mentioned something similar.
16440 - ...... he said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Ibn ʿUyayna informed us, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr, who said: I heard ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Awfā say: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day on which the hair is laid down, and the blood is shed, and the prohibition is lifted.
16441 - ...... he said: Al-Thawrī related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of ʿAlī, who said: The greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16442 - Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq related to us, saying: Abū Aḥmad related to us, saying: Qays related to us, on the authority of ʿAyyāsh al-ʿĀmirī, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Awfā: that he was asked about the day of the greater pilgrimage, and he said: Subḥān Allāh! It is the day on which the blood is shed, and the prohibition is lifted, and the hair is laid down; and it is the day of sacrifice.
16443 - ...... he said: Isrāʾīl related to us, on the authority of Abū Ḥaṣīn, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sinān, who said: Al-Mughīra ibn Shuʿba addressed us upon a camel of his and said: This is the day of sacrifice, and this is the day of the greater pilgrimage.
16444 - ...... he said: Abū Aḥmad related to us, saying: Ḥasan ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us, on the authority of Mughīra, on the authority of Ibrāhīm, who said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16445 - Al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz related to us, on the authority of Ibrāhīm ibn Ṭahmān, on the authority of Mughīra, on the authority of Ibrāhīm: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice, on which the prohibition is lifted.
16446 - Aḥmad ibn al-Miqdām related to me, saying: Yazīd ibn Zurayʿ related to us, saying: Ibn ʿAwn related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Sīrīn, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakra, on the authority of his father, who said: When that day came, he [the Prophet] sat upon a camel of his, and a person seized its halter — or: its rein — and said: Which day is this? He said: Then we kept silent, until we thought that he would give it a name other than its name. Then he said: Is it not the day of the pilgrimage?
16447 - Sahl ibn Muḥammad al-Sijistānī related to us, saying: Abū Jābir al-Ḥaramī related to us, saying: Hishām ibn al-Ghāz al-Jurashī related to us, on the authority of Nāfiʿ, on the authority of Ibn ʿUmar, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ halted on the day of sacrifice at the jamarāt (stone pillars) during the Farewell Pilgrimage and said: This is the day of the greater pilgrimage.
16448 - Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Murra, on the authority of Murra al-Hamdānī, on the authority of a man among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up among us upon a red camel with cropped ear-tips (mukhaḍrama) and said: Do you know which day is your day? They said: The day of sacrifice! He said: You have spoken the truth; [it is] the day of the greater pilgrimage.
16449 - Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, saying: ʿAmr ibn Murra informed me, saying: Murra related to us, saying: A man among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ related to us, saying: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up among us — and he mentioned something similar.
16450 - Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn Idrīs related to us, saying: Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Khālid informed us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of ...... who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent ʿAlī with four words when Abū Bakr was leading the people in pilgrimage, and he proclaimed Barāʾa: Truly, it is the day of the greater pilgrimage; truly, none shall enter Paradise but a Muslim soul; truly, no naked person shall circumambulate the House; truly, after this year no polytheist shall perform the pilgrimage; and truly, whoever has a treaty between himself and Muḥammad, his term runs to his appointed time; and Allah is free of the polytheists, and His Messenger [also].
16451 - Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Hushaym related to me, on the authority of Ḥajjāj ibn Arṭāʾa, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, who said: The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice.
16452 - Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His saying (the day of the greater pilgrimage): he said: the day of sacrifice, the day on which the one in iḥrām may lift [that state], and on which the sacrificial animals (al-budn) are slaughtered. And Ibn ʿUmar used to say: It is the day of sacrifice. And my father used to say it [too]. And Ibn ʿAbbās used to say: It is the day of ʿArafa. And I have heard no one say that it is the day of ʿArafa except Ibn ʿAbbās. Ibn Zayd said: And the pilgrimage is missed by missing the day of sacrifice, and is not missed by missing the day of ʿArafa: if he misses the day, he does not miss the night; he halts [at ʿArafa] within what lies between himself and the break of dawn.
16453 - Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn related to me, saying: Aḥmad ibn al-Mufaḍḍal related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī, who said: The day of the festival of sacrifice is the day of the greater pilgrimage.
16454 - Sufyān related to us, saying: My father related to us, on the authority of Shuʿba, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Murra, he said: A man among the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ related to me in this chamber of mine — I think he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us on the day of sacrifice upon a red camel with cropped ear-tips and said: Do you know which day this is? This is the day of sacrifice, and this is the day of the greater pilgrimage.
* * *
And others said: the meaning of His saying (the day of the greater pilgrimage) is: the time of the greater pilgrimage and its season. He said: and that is all the days of the pilgrimage, not one particular day.
* Mention of those who said that:
16455 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: (the day of the greater pilgrimage): the time of the pilgrimage, all its days.
16456 - Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq related to us, saying: Abū Aḥmad related to us, saying: Ibn ʿUyayna related to us, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, who said: The greater pilgrimage is all the days of Minā, and the assemblies of the polytheists when they were at Dhū al-Majāz, ʿUkāẓ, and Majanna, when it was proclaimed among them: that after this year the Muslims and the polytheists shall not gather together with them anymore, and that no naked person shall circumambulate the House, and whoever has a treaty between himself and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, his treaty runs to its term.
16457 - Al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: Abū ʿUbayd related to us, saying: Sufyān used to say: "the day of the pilgrimage," "the day of [the battle of] al-Jamal," and "the day of [the battle of] Ṣiffīn," that is to say: all their days.
16458 - Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His saying (the day of the greater pilgrimage), he said: the time of the pilgrimage, that is to say: all its days.
* * *
Abū Jaʿfar said: And the most correct of the statements concerning it, in our view, is the statement of those who said: "The day of the greater pilgrimage is the day of sacrifice," because of the abundant reports on the authority of a group of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, that ʿAlī proclaimed to the polytheists the message with which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had sent him, and read Barāʾa to them on the day of sacrifice. This, together with the reports we have mentioned on the authority of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, that on the day of sacrifice he said: Do you know which day this is? This is the day of the greater pilgrimage.
And furthermore: "the day" is only annexed to the meaning that takes place in it, as in the people's saying: "the day of ʿArafa," and that is the day on which the people halt at ʿArafa; = and "the day of the festival of sacrifice," and that is the day on which they sacrifice; = and "the day of the breaking of the fast (al-fiṭr)," and that is the day on which they break the fast. And likewise "the day of the pilgrimage" is the day on which they perform the pilgrimage; and the people only perform the pilgrimage and complete their rites on the day of sacrifice, for on the night preceding the day of sacrifice the halting at ʿArafa is not yet over, until the break of dawn, and in the morning thereof the acts of the pilgrimage are performed. As for the day of ʿArafa: even though the halting at ʿArafa is [on it], its halting is not yet over until the break of dawn on the night of the sacrifice; and the entire pilgrimage is [on] the day of sacrifice.
* * *
And as for what Mujāhid said: that "the day of the pilgrimage" is only all its days — that is indeed permissible in the language of the Arabs, but it is not the most well-known and current of its meanings in the language of the Arabs; rather, the prevailing meaning of "the day" among them is that it runs from sunset to the same time the following day. And the explanation of the Book of Allah must be borne upon the most well-known and current of the language of those in whose language the Book was sent down.
* * *
And the people of exegesis differed about the reason why this day was called "the day of the greater pilgrimage."
Some of them said: it was so called because that was in a year in which the pilgrimage of the Muslims and the polytheists coincided.
* Mention of those who said that:
16459 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, who said: It was only called "the greater pilgrimage" because Abū Bakr performed the pilgrimage that he performed, and in it the Muslims and the polytheists came together; therefore it was called "the greater pilgrimage." And it also coincided with the festival of the Jews and the Christians.
16460 - Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq related to us, saying: Abū Aḥmad related to us, saying: Ḥammād ibn Salama related to us, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn Zayd ibn Jadʿān, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥārith ibn Nawfal, who said: The day of the greater pilgrimage was [during] the Farewell Pilgrimage, in which the pilgrimage of the Muslims, the Christians, and the Jews coincided; neither before it nor after it did that coincide.
16461 - Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Abū Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, who said concerning His saying (the day of the greater pilgrimage): He said: It was only called "the greater pilgrimage," because it was the day on which Abū Bakr performed the pilgrimage and on which the treaties were renounced.
* * *
And others said: "the greater pilgrimage" is the qirān (the combining of ḥajj and ʿumra), and "the lesser pilgrimage" is the ifrād (the separate ḥajj).
* Mention of those who said that:
16462 - Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq related to us, saying: Abū Aḥmad related to us, saying: Abū Bakr al-Nahshalī related to us, on the authority of Ḥammād, on the authority of Mujāhid, who said: He used to say: "the greater pilgrimage" and "the lesser pilgrimage"; the greater pilgrimage is the qirān, and "the lesser pilgrimage" is the separate performance of the pilgrimage (ifrād al-ḥajj).
* * *
And others said: "the greater pilgrimage" is the ḥajj, and "the lesser pilgrimage" is the ʿumra.
* Mention of those who said that:
16463 - Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Bakr related to us, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, who said: "the greater pilgrimage" is the ḥajj, and "the lesser pilgrimage" is the ʿumra.
16464 - ...... he said: ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, on the authority of Dāwūd, on the authority of ʿĀmir, who said: I said to him: This is the greater pilgrimage, what then is "the lesser pilgrimage"? He said: the ʿumra.
16465 - Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Dāwūd ibn Abī Hind, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, who said: They used to say: "the lesser pilgrimage" is the ʿumra in Ramaḍān.
16466 - ...... he said: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Mujāhid, who said: They used to say: "the lesser pilgrimage" is the ʿumra.
16467 - ...... he said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Abū Asmāʾ, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Shaddād, who said: "the day of the greater pilgrimage" is the day of sacrifice, and "the lesser pilgrimage" is the ʿumra.
16468 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of al-Zuhrī: that the people of the time of ignorance (al-jāhiliyya) called the ʿumra "the lesser pilgrimage."
* * *
Abū Jaʿfar said: And the most correct of these statements concerning it, in my view, is the statement of those who said: "the greater pilgrimage is the ḥajj," because it is greater than the ʿumra by the increase of its rites over those of the ʿumra; therefore it was called "the greater," for that reason. And as for "the lesser," that is the ʿumra, because its rite is less than the rite of the ḥajj; therefore it was called "the lesser," because of the lesser extent of its rite relative to hers.
* * *
And as for His saying (that Allah is free of the polytheists, and His Messenger): the meaning of it is: that Allah is free of the treaty with the polytheists, and His Messenger [also], after this pilgrimage.
* * *
Abū Jaʿfar said: And the meaning of the discourse is: and a proclamation from Allah and His Messenger to the people on the day of the greater pilgrimage: that Allah and His Messenger are free of the treaty with the polytheists. As:
16469 - Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq: (that Allah is free of the polytheists, and His Messenger), that is to say: after the pilgrimage.
* * *
The discourse on the explanation of His saying: فَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ وَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ فَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُمْ غَيْرُ مُعْجِزِي اللَّهِ وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ (3) (And if you repent (tubtum), then that is better for you; and if you turn away, then know that you cannot escape Allah. And give tidings to those who disbelieve of a painful punishment. (3))
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose mention is exalted, says: (and if you repent) of your disbelief (kufr), O polytheists, and return to the oneness of Allah and the pure worship of Him = alongside the [false] gods and partners = then the return to that is (better for you) than persisting in shirk in this world and in the Hereafter. = (and if you turn away) — He says: and if you turn aside from belief in Allah and refuse [anything] save persisting in your shirk = (then know that you cannot escape Allah) — He says: then know with certainty that you cannot slip away from Allah by [bringing] yourselves [to safety] so that His painful punishment and His severe punishment do not reach you, because of your persisting in disbelief, as He did with those who were before you among the people of shirk, by sending down His vengeance upon them and causing the punishment to descend without delay upon their territory. = (and give tidings to those who disbelieve) — He says: and inform, O Muḥammad, those who denied your prophethood and contradicted the command of their Lord = (of a punishment) — painful, that will reach them.
16470 - Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to us, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, concerning His saying (and if you repent), he said: [if] you believe.
