Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The explanation of His word: وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضِلَّ قَوْمًا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَاهُمْ حَتَّى يُبَيِّنَ لَهُمْ مَا يَتَّقُونَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (115) (And it is not for Allah to lead a people astray after He has guided them, until He makes clear to them that of which they should beware. Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing of all things) (9:115).

   Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose praise is mentioned, says: And it is not for Allah to judge you with going astray on account of your asking forgiveness for your deceased polytheists (mushrikīn), after He has granted you guidance and directed you to faith (īmān) in Him and in His Messenger, until He first comes to you with the prohibition against it, and you then fail to refrain from it. But as for the time before He makes clear to you the aversion to it through the prohibition against it, and you thereupon transgress His prohibition unto that which He has forbidden you — then He does not judge you with going astray, for obedience and disobedience arise only from the one who has been commanded and forbidden. As for the one who has not been commanded and not forbidden, he is neither obedient nor disobedient regarding that for which he has not been commanded and from which he has not been forbidden. إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ ("Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing of all things") — The Exalted, whose praise is mentioned, says: Indeed, Allah possesses knowledge of that which filled your souls when Allah prohibited you regarding asking forgiveness for your deceased polytheists, at the grief over what had already gone forth from you in asking forgiveness for them before He preceded you with the prohibition against it, and of the rest of the hidden matters of your affairs and the affairs of His servants and their outward aspects. Thus He made clear to you His gentleness therein toward you, that He might lift from you the burden of sorrow over it.

   * * *

   And in accordance with what we have said about this, the people of interpretation (ahl al-taʾwīl) have spoken:

   * Mention of who said that:

   17419 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, he said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, he said: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: لِيُضِلَّ قَوْمًا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَاهُمْ حَتَّى يُبَيِّنَ لَهُمْ مَا يَتَّقُونَ ("to lead a people astray after He has guided them, until He makes clear to them that of which they should beware"), he said: Allah's making clear to the believers regarding asking forgiveness for the polytheists in particular, and in His making clear [lies] His obedience and His disobedience; so do, or refrain.

   17420 — Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, he said: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضِلَّ قَوْمًا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَاهُمْ حَتَّى يُبَيِّنَ لَهُمْ مَا يَتَّقُونَ ("And it is not for Allah to lead a people astray after He has guided them, until He makes clear to them that of which they should beware"), he said: Allah's making clear to the believers: that they not ask forgiveness for the polytheists in particular, and in His making clear [lies] His obedience and His disobedience in general; so do, or refrain.

   17421 — ..... he said: Isḥāq related to us, he said: ʿAbd Allāh related to us, on the authority of Warqāʾ, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, something similar.

   17422 — Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, [concerning] his word: وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضِلَّ قَوْمًا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَاهُمْ حَتَّى يُبَيِّنَ لَهُمْ مَا يَتَّقُونَ ("And it is not for Allah to lead a people astray after He has guided them, until He makes clear to them that of which they should beware"), he said: Allah makes clear to the believers that they not ask forgiveness for the polytheists, in His making clear regarding His obedience and regarding His disobedience; so do, or refrain.

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله : وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُضِلَّ قَوْمًا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَاهُمْ حَتَّى يُبَيِّنَ لَهُمْ مَا يَتَّقُونَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (115) قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره: وما كان الله ليقضي عليكم، في استغفاركم لموتاكم المشركين، بالضلال، بعد إذ رزقكم الهداية، ووفقكم للإيمان به وبرسوله, حتى يتقدَّم إليكم بالنهي عنه، فتتركوا الانتهاء عنه. فأما قبل أن يبين لكم كراهية ذلك بالنهي عنه، ثم تتعدوا نهيه إلى ما نهاكم عنه, فإنه لا يحكم عليكم بالضلال, لأن الطاعة والمعصية إنما يكونان من المأمور والمنهيّ, فأما من لم يؤمر ولم ينه، فغير كائنٍ مطيعًا أو عاصيًا فيما لم يؤمَرْ به ولم ينه عنه = " إن الله بكل شيء عليم " ، يقول تعالى ذكره: إن الله ذو علم بما خالط أنفسكم عند نهي الله إياكم من الاستغفار لموتاكم المشركين، من الجزع على ما سلف منكم من الاستغفار لهم قبل تقدمه إليكم بالنهي عنه، وبغير ذلك من سرائر أموركم وأمور عباده وظواهرها, فبيَّن لكم حلمه في ذلك عليكم، ليضع عنكم ثِقَل الوَجْد بذلك. (66) * * * وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل: * ذكر من قال ذلك: 17419- حدثني محمد بن عمرو قال، حدثنا أبو عاصم قال، حدثنا عيسى, عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد: " ليضل قومًا بعد إذ هداهم حتى يبين لهم ما يتقون "، قال: بيانُ الله للمؤمنين في الاستغفار للمشركين خاصة, وفي بيانه طاعتُه ومعصيته, فافعلوا أو ذَرُوا. 17420- حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا أبو حذيفة قال، حدثنا شبل, عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد: " وما كان الله ليضل قومًا بعد إذ هداهم حتى يبين لهم ما يتقون "، قال: بيانُ الله للمؤمنين: أن لا يستغفروا للمشركين خاصة, وفي بيانه طاعتُه ومعصيته عامة, فافعلوا أو ذَرُوا. 17421- ..... قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا عبد الله, عن ورقاء, عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد, نحوه. 17422- حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثني حجاج, عن ابن جريج, عن مجاهد, قوله: " وما كان الله ليضل قومًا بعد إذ هداهم حتى يبين لهم ما يتقون "، قال: يبين الله للمؤمنين في أن لا يستغفروا للمشركين في بيانه في طاعته وفي معصيته, فافعلوا أو ذروا. --------------------- الهوامش : (66) انظر تفسير ألفاظ هذه الآية فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة .