Tafseer of The Repentance · At-Tawba · 9:10
They do not observe toward a believer any pact of kinship or covenant of protection. And it is they who are the transgressors.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The statement concerning the explanation of His saying: "They observe toward a believer neither bond of kinship (ill) nor covenant (dhimmah), and it is they who are the transgressors" (9:10).
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose mention is exalted, says: These polytheists (mushrikīn) — whom I have commanded you, O believers, to kill wherever you find them — do not shrink from killing a believer, should they have power over him = "neither bond of kinship nor covenant (ill wa-lā dhimmah)." He says: So do not spare them, O believers, just as they would not spare you if they were to gain the upper hand over you. = "and it is they who are the transgressors." He says: those who overstep the bounds toward you, to what is not rightfully theirs, through wrongdoing and transgression (iʿtidāʾ).
[The footnotes refer, for the explanation of "al-ill" and "al-dhimmah," to what precedes, shortly before, pp. 145-149, and for the explanation of "al-iʿtidāʾ" (the transgression) to what precedes, 13:182, note 2, and the references there.]
