Tafseer of The Announcement · An-Naba · 78:38
The Day that the Spirit and the angels will stand in rows, they will not speak except for one whom the Most Merciful permits, and he will say what is correct.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
His statement: يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ (The Day when the Spirit will stand). The people of knowledge have differed concerning the meaning of "the Spirit" (al-rūḥ) in this place. Some of them said: it is an angel belonging to the greatest of the angels in creation.
* Mention of who said that:
Muḥammad ibn Khalaf al-ʿAsqalānī related to me, saying: Rawwād ibn al-Jarrāḥ related to us, on the authority of Abū Ḥamza, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, on the authority of ʿAlqama, on the authority of Ibn Masʿūd, who said: The Spirit is an angel in the fourth heaven; he is greater than the heavens, than the mountains, and than the angels. He glorifies Allah each day with twelve thousand glorifications; with each glorification Allah creates an angel from among the angels. On the Day of Resurrection he comes as a single rank alone.
ʿAlī related to me, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His statement: يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ وَالْمَلائِكَةُ (The Day when the Spirit and the angels will stand). He said: it is an angel, the greatest of the angels in creation.
And others said: it is Jibrīl, peace be upon him.
* Mention of who said that:
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Abū Sinān, on the authority of Thābit, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk: يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ (The Day when the Spirit will stand). He said: Jibrīl, peace be upon him.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk: يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ (The Day when the Spirit will stand). He said: the Spirit is Jibrīl, peace be upon him.
Muḥammad ibn Khalaf al-ʿAsqalānī related to me, saying: Rawwād ibn al-Jarrāḥ related to us, on the authority of Abū Ḥamza, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī: يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ (The Day when the Spirit will stand). He said: the Spirit is Jibrīl, peace be upon him.
And others said: it is a creature from among the creatures of Allah in the form of the children of Adam.
* Mention of who said that:
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Abū ʿĀmir related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, who said: الرُّوحُ (the Spirit) is a creature in the form of the children of Adam; they eat and drink.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Muslim, on the authority of Mujāhid, who said: الرُّوحُ (the Spirit) is a creature that has hands and feet — and I think he said: and heads — they eat food; they are not angels.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Abū ʿĀmir related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Khālid, on the authority of Abū Ṣāliḥ, who said: they resemble human beings, but they are not human beings.
Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Ibn Abī ʿAdī related to us, on the authority of Shuʿba, on the authority of Sulaymān, on the authority of Mujāhid, who said: الرُّوحُ (the Spirit) is a creature like the creation of Adam.
Yaḥyā ibn Ibrāhīm al-Masʿūdī related to me, saying: my father related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of his grandfather, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, concerning His statement: يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ وَالْمَلائِكَةُ صَفًّا (The Day when the Spirit and the angels will stand in rank). He said: the Spirit is a creature from among the creatures of Allah; they are many times greater than the angels, they have hands and feet.
Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Muʿtamir ibn Sulaymān related to us, on the authority of Ismāʿīl, on the authority of Abū Ṣāliḥ, the freedman of Umm Hānīʾ: يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ وَالْمَلائِكَةُ (The Day when the Spirit and the angels will stand). He said: the Spirit is a creature like human beings, but they are not human beings.
And others said: they are the children of Adam.
* Mention of who said that:
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ (The Day when the Spirit will stand). He said: they are the children of Adam — and that is the statement of al-Ḥasan.
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, concerning His statement: يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ (The Day when the Spirit will stand). He said: the Spirit are the children of Adam. And Qatāda said: this is among what Ibn ʿAbbās used to conceal.
And others said: it has been said: those are the souls of the children of Adam.
* Mention of who said that:
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His statement: يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ وَالْمَلائِكَةُ صَفًّا لا يَتَكَلَّمُونَ (The Day when the Spirit and the angels will stand in rank; they do not speak). He said: that is, when the souls of the people stand together with the angels between the two blasts of the trumpet, before the souls are returned to the bodies.
And others said: it is the Qurʾān.
* Mention of who said that:
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said: my father used to say: the Spirit is the Qurʾān. And he recited: وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ رُوحًا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا مَا كُنْتَ تَدْرِي مَا الْكِتَابُ وَلا الإِيمَانُ (And thus We have revealed to you a spirit from Our command; you did not know what the Book was, nor faith).
And the correct view on the statement is that one says: Allah, exalted is His mention, has informed that His creatures will not be able to address a single word to Him on the Day when the Spirit stands; and the Spirit is a creature from among His creatures. It may be one of these mentioned things — and Allah knows best which of them it is — while there is no report concerning any of them that it is the intended meaning to the exclusion of the other, to which one would have to submit, nor any proof that points to it; and ignorance of that does no harm.
And it has been said: it means: two rows (simāṭān).
* Mention of who said that:
Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, saying: Manṣūr ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān informed us, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, concerning His statement: يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ وَالْمَلائِكَةُ صَفًّا لا يَتَكَلَّمُونَ إِلا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّحْمَنُ (The Day when the Spirit and the angels will stand in rank; they do not speak except him to whom the Most Merciful gives permission). He said: they are two rows (simāṭān) before the Lord of the Worlds on the Day of Resurrection: a row of the Spirit and a row of the angels.
His statement: لا يَتَكَلَّمُونَ إِلا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّحْمَنُ (They do not speak except him to whom the Most Merciful gives permission). It has been said: they are given permission to speak when it is commanded that the people of the Fire go to the Fire and the people of the Garden go to the Garden.
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: al-Muʿtamir ibn Sulaymān related to us, on the authority of his father, saying: Abū ʿAmr — who narrates the stories among the Ṭayyiʾ — related to us, on the authority of ʿIkrima, and he recited this verse: إِلا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّحْمَنُ وَقَالَ صَوَابًا (except him to whom the Most Merciful gives permission and who speaks what is correct). He said: people from the inhabitants of the Fire are led past angels, and they say: where are you leading these? Then it is said: to the Fire. Then they say: because of what their hands have done, and Allah has not wronged them. And people from the inhabitants of the Garden are led past angels, and it is said: where are you leading these? Then they say: to the Garden. Then they say: through the mercy of Allah you have entered the Garden. He said: then they are given permission to speak, or something of that sort.
And others said: إِلا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّحْمَنُ (except him to whom the Most Merciful gives permission) with the oneness of Allah (tawḥīd), وَقَالَ صَوَابًا (and who speaks what is correct) in the worldly life, for he declared Allah to be One.
* Mention of who said that:
ʿAlī related to me, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His statement: إِلا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّحْمَنُ وَقَالَ صَوَابًا (except him to whom the Most Merciful gives permission and who speaks what is correct). He says: except him to whom the Lord has given permission with the testimony that there is no god but Allah, and that is the utmost of what is correct.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: وَقَالَ صَوَابًا (and who speaks what is correct). He said: the truth in the worldly life, and he acted upon it.
ʿAmr ibn ʿAlī related to us, saying: Abū Muʿāwiya related to us, saying: Ismāʿīl related to us, on the authority of Abū Ṣāliḥ, concerning His statement: إِلا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّحْمَنُ وَقَالَ صَوَابًا (except him to whom the Most Merciful gives permission and who speaks what is correct). He said: there is no god but Allah.
Abū Ḥafṣ said: I related it to Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd, and he said: I myself wrote it down on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Mahdī, on the authority of Abū Muʿāwiya.
Saʿd ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam related to me, saying: Ḥafṣ ibn ʿUmar al-ʿAdanī related to us, saying: al-Ḥakam ibn Abān related to us, on the authority of ʿIkrima, concerning His statement: إِلا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّحْمَنُ وَقَالَ صَوَابًا (except him to whom the Most Merciful gives permission and who speaks what is correct). He said: there is no god but Allah.
And the correct view concerning that is that one says: Allah, exalted is His mention, has informed concerning His creatures that they will not speak on the Day when the Spirit and the angels stand in rank, except him among them to whom the Most Merciful has given permission to speak and who spoke what is correct. It is therefore obligatory to say as He has informed, since He has not informed us, neither in His Book nor upon the tongue of His Messenger, that He intended thereby one particular kind of what is correct; and the literal meaning encompasses all these possibilities.