Tafseer of The Enshrouded One · Al-Muzzammil · 73:6
Indeed, the hours of the night are more effective for concurrence [of heart and tongue] and more suitable for words.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
And His word: (Truly, the rising in the night [nāshiʾat al-layl] is of stronger impress). He, Mighty and Exalted, means by His word (inna nāshiʾat al-layl): truly, the hours of the night; and every hour of the hours of the night is a nāshiʾa (a rising portion) of the night.
And the people of exegesis differed about that.
Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, saying: Ḥātim ibn Abī Ṣaghīra reported to us, saying: I said to ʿAbdallāh ibn Abī Mulayka: Will you not tell me which part of the night the nāshiʾa is? He said: You have fallen upon the reliable ones. I asked Ibn ʿAbbās about it, and he affirmed that the whole night is a nāshiʾa; and I asked Ibn al-Zubayr about it, and he reported to me the same.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Ḥakkām related to us, saying: ʿAnbasa related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās (Truly, the rising in the night): he said: in the language of the Abyssinians [Ethiopians], when a man rises at night, they say: nashaʾa.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Isrāʾīl related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās (Truly, the rising in the night): nashaʾa: he rose.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Isrāʾīl related to us, on the authority of Abū Maysara (Truly, the rising in the night): he said: nashaʾa: he rose.
He [ʿAbd al-Raḥmān] said: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, saying: When a man rises at night, that is the nāshiʾa of the night.
Hannād ibn al-Sarī related to us, saying: Abū al-Aḥwaṣ related to us, on the authority of Simāk, on the authority of ʿIkrima, concerning His word: (Truly, the rising in the night): he said: it is the whole night.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid (Truly, the rising in the night): he said: when you rise at night, that is a nāshiʾa.
He [Mihrān] said: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Layth, on the authority of Mujāhid, saying: everything that is after the ʿishāʾ prayer is a nāshiʾa.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb reported to us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word: (Truly, the rising in the night): he said: the night prayer; and he said: at whatever hour of the night one rises, one has performed nashaʾa.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, saying: at whatever part of the night you rise, that is a nāshiʾa.
He [Mihrān] said: Khārija related to us, on the authority of Abū Yūnus Ḥātim ibn Abī Ṣaghīra, on the authority of Ibn Abī Mulayka, saying: I asked Ibn ʿAbbās and Ibn al-Zubayr about the nāshiʾa of the night, and they both said: the whole night is a nāshiʾa, so when you rise standing (nashaʾta), that is a nāshiʾa.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word: (Truly, the rising in the night): he said: whatever hour of the night in which one keeping the night-vigil devotes himself to the tahajjud.
It has been related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, saying: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd related to us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His word: (Truly, the rising in the night): he means the whole night.
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Wakīʿ related to us, on the authority of Abū ʿĀmir al-Khazzāz, and Nāfiʿ, on the authority of Ibn Abī Mulayka, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: (Truly, the rising in the night): he said: the whole night.
He [Wakīʿ] said: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, saying: the whole night; when one rises to pray, that is a nāshiʾa.
And others said: Rather, it is that which is after the ʿishāʾ prayer; what is before the ʿishāʾ is not a nāshiʾa.
* Mention of who said that:
Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, on the authority of Sulaymān al-Taymī, on the authority of Abū Mijlaz, concerning His word: (Truly, the rising in the night): he said: what is after the ʿishāʾ is a nāshiʾa.
He [Ibn ʿUlayya] said: Abū Rajāʾ related to us, concerning His word: (Truly, the rising in the night): he said: what is after the last ʿishāʾ.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: (Truly, the rising in the night): he said: the nāshiʾa of the night: what is after the ʿishāʾ, that is a nāshiʾa.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Sulaymān related to us, saying: Abū Hilāl related to us, saying: Qatāda said concerning His word: (Truly, the rising in the night): he said: everything that is after the ʿishāʾ is a nāshiʾa.
And His word: (is of stronger impress [ashaddu waṭʾan]). The reciters of the cities differed over the reading of it. Most of the reciters of Mecca, Medina, and Kūfa read it (ashaddu waṭʾan) with a fatḥa on the wāw and a sukūn on the ṭāʾ. And some of the reciters of Baṣra, Mecca, and Syria read it (wiṭāʾan) with a kasra on the wāw and a lengthening of the alif, on the grounds that it is a verbal noun, derived from the expression: wāṭaʾa al-lisānu al-qalba muwāṭaʾatan wa-wiṭāʾan (the tongue agreed with the heart).
And the correct view about this, in our opinion, is that they are two well-known readings, both correct in meaning; with whichever of the two the reciter recites, he attains what is correct.
And He means by His word: (is of stronger impress): the nāshiʾa of the night is more steadfast than the day and more firmly anchored in the heart, and that is because acting by night is more lasting in its effect than by day. And it has been transmitted from the Arabs: waṭiʾnā al-layla waṭʾan, when they travelled through it.
And in accordance with what we have said about this, a group of the people of exegesis who read it with a fatḥa on the wāw and a sukūn on the ṭāʾ also spoke, even though their wordings about it differed.
* Mention of who said that:
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: (is of stronger impress): that is to say: more firmly anchored in the good and more preserving as regards retention.
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda (is of stronger impress): he said: the rising by night is of stronger impress; he says: more firmly anchored in the good.
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: My father related to me, saying: My uncle related to me, saying: My father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: (Truly, the rising in the night is of stronger impress): he says: the nāshiʾa of the night — their prayer was in the first part of the night — (is of stronger impress): he says: that is more suitable so that you might keep up with what Allah has imposed upon you of the night-vigil, and that is because a person, when he sleeps, does not know when he will awaken.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb reported to us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word: (Truly, the rising in the night is of stronger impress): he said: truly, the one who prays at night and keeps the night-vigil is of stronger impress — [in the sense of] tranquillity of soul — with a freer heart, and that is because no preoccupations nor anything else stand in his way.
It has been related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, saying: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd related to us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His word: (is of stronger impress): he says: the reciting of the Qurʾān by night is more lasting in its effect than by day, and possesses more concord [of heart, tongue, and hearing] by night than by day.
And as for those who read (wiṭāʾan) with a kasra on the wāw and a lengthening of the alif, I have already mentioned what they meant by that reading.
* Mention of who said that:
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Mujāhid (is of stronger impress): he said: that you bring your heart, your hearing, and your sight into concord.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Mujāhid (Truly, the rising in the night is of stronger impress): he said: you bring your hearing, your sight, and your heart into concord.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word: (is of stronger impress): he said: concord with the speech, and freedom of the heart.
Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, saying: I heard Ibn Abī Najīḥ say concerning His word: (Truly, the rising in the night is of stronger impress and more upright of utterance): he said: it is more suitable that your hearing come into concord with you, and that your sight come into concord with you.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Wakīʿ related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Mujāhid (is of stronger impress): he said: it is more suitable that you bring your hearing and your heart into concord.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word: (Truly, the rising in the night is of stronger impress and more upright of utterance): he said: your hearing, your sight, and your heart accord with one another.
And His word: (and more upright of utterance [wa-aqwamu qīlan]). He says: and the most correct as regards reciting.
And in accordance with what we have said about this, the people of exegesis spoke.
* Mention of who said that:
Yaḥyā ibn Dāwūd al-Wāsiṭī related to me, saying: Abū Usāma related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, saying: Anas recited this verse (Truly, the rising in the night is of stronger impress and the most correct of utterance [aṣwabu qīlan]), whereupon one of those present said to him: O Abū Ḥamza, it is (wa-aqwamu qīlan). He said: aqwam, aṣwab, and ahyaʾ are one and the same.
Mūsā ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Masrūqī related to me, saying: ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Ḥammānī related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, saying: Anas recited (wa-aqwamu qīlan) [as] aṣwabu qīlan. It was said to him: O Abū Ḥamza, it is (wa-aqwamu). Anas said: aṣwab, aqwam, and ahyaʾ are one and the same.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Mujāhid, the same.
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Wakīʿ related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Mujāhid, the same.
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: My father related to me, saying: My uncle related to me, saying: My father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: (and more upright of utterance): he says: more suitable so that you might understand the Qurʾān.
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda (and more upright of utterance): more preserving for the recitation.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb reported to us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word: (and more upright of utterance): he said: more steadfast in recitation on account of its being free of the [preoccupations of the] world.