Tafseer of The Enshrouded One · Al-Muzzammil · 73:19
Indeed, this is a reminder, so whoever wills may take to his Lord a way.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
…a relentless grip) — he said: al-wabīl means: evil. The Arabs say of someone upon whom evil descends successively: "Indeed, evil has descended upon him (awbala ʿalayhi)," and they say: "I have burdened you with your evil (awbaltu ʿalā sharrika)." He said: Allah was not content that he be drowned and punished, until he entered into a lasting punishment, until on the Day of Resurrection he is sent to the Fire — he means Pharaoh.
The explanation of the saying of the Exalted: فَكَيْفَ تَتَّقُونَ إِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ يَوْمًا يَجْعَلُ الْوِلْدَانَ شِيبًا (١٧) السَّمَاءُ مُنْفَطِرٌ بِهِ كَانَ وَعْدُهُ مَفْعُولا (١٨) (How then will you protect yourselves, if you disbelieve, against a Day that turns the children grey-haired (17). The heaven will split apart thereby; His promise is fulfilled (18)).
The Exalted, whose praise is exalted, says to the polytheists who ascribe associates to Him (mushrikīn): How will you, O people, fear a Day that turns the children grey-haired, if you disbelieve (kāfir) in Allah and have not held Him to be true? And it has been mentioned that it is likewise so in the reading of ʿAbdallāh ibn Masʿūd.
And something similar to what we have said about this, the people of the explanation (the exegetes) have said.
* Mention of who said that:
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His saying: (فَكَيْفَ تَتَّقُونَ إِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ يَوْمًا يَجْعَلُ الْوِلْدَانَ شِيبًا) (How then will you protect yourselves, if you disbelieve, against a Day that turns the children grey-haired) — he says: How will you protect yourselves against a Day, while you disbelieve in it and do not hold it to be true?
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda: (فَكَيْفَ تَتَّقُونَ إِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ) (How then will you protect yourselves, if you disbelieve) — he said: By Allah, whoever disbelieves in Allah will not protect himself on that Day.
And His saying: (يَوْمًا يَجْعَلُ الْوِلْدَانَ شِيبًا) (a Day that turns the children grey-haired) — by this is meant the Day of Resurrection. The children only turn grey-haired because of the severity of its terror and its distress.
As it has been related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, he said: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd related to us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His saying: (يَوْمًا يَجْعَلُ الْوِلْدَانَ شِيبًا) (a Day that turns the children grey-haired): Ibn Masʿūd used to say: "When the Day of Resurrection arrives, our Lord, the King, calls Ādam, and He says: O Ādam, arise and send forth the contingent to the Fire. Then Ādam says: O my Lord, I have no knowledge except what You have taught me. Then Allah says to him: Take out of every thousand nine hundred ninety-nine. Then they are driven to the Fire, black, chained together, blue-grey, with contorted, grimacing faces; thereupon every child turns grey-haired."
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His saying: (يَوْمًا يَجْعَلُ الْوِلْدَانَ شِيبًا) (a Day that turns the children grey-haired) — he said: The little ones turn grey-haired from the distress of that Day.
And His saying: (السَّمَاءُ مُنْفَطِرٌ بِهِ) (The heaven will split apart thereby) — the Exalted, whose praise is exalted, says: The heaven is burdened by that Day, rending and splitting apart.
And something similar to what we have said about this, the people of the explanation (the exegetes) have said.
* Mention of who said that:
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: My father related to me, saying: My uncle related to me, saying: My father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His saying: (السَّمَاءُ مُنْفَطِرٌ بِهِ) (The heaven will split apart thereby) — that means: the heaven splits apart when the Merciful, mighty and exalted is He, descends.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His saying: (مُنْفَطِرٌ بِهِ) (splitting apart thereby) — he said: burdened by it.
Abū Ḥafṣ al-Ḥayrī related to us, saying: Muʾammil related to us, saying: Abū Mawdūd related to us, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, concerning His saying: (السَّمَاءُ مُنْفَطِرٌ بِهِ) (The heaven will split apart thereby) — he said: burdened and grieved on the Day of Resurrection.
ʿAlī ibn Sahl related to me, saying: Muʾammil related to us, saying: Abū Mawdūd Baḥr ibn Mūsā related to us, saying: I heard Ibn Abī ʿAlī say concerning this āya, and he then mentioned something similar to it.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Wāḍiḥ related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, on the authority of Yazīd, on the authority of ʿIkrima: (السَّمَاءُ مُنْفَطِرٌ بِهِ) (The heaven will split apart thereby) — he said: burdened by it.
Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, saying: Abū Rajāʾ related to us, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, concerning His saying: (السَّمَاءُ مُنْفَطِرٌ بِهِ) (The heaven will split apart thereby) — he said: weighed down and burdened.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: (السَّمَاءُ مُنْفَطِرٌ بِهِ) (The heaven will split apart thereby) — he says: burdened by it on that Day.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His saying: (السَّمَاءُ مُنْفَطِرٌ بِهِ) (The heaven will split apart thereby) — he said: this is the Day of Resurrection; He then turns the children grey-haired, and on the Day on which the heaven splits apart. And he recited: إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْفَطَرَتْ (When the heaven splits apart) and said: all this is the Day of Resurrection.
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Wakīʿ related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Jābir, on the authority of ʿAbdallāh ibn Yaḥyā, on the authority of ʿIkrima, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: (السَّمَاءُ مُنْفَطِرٌ بِهِ) (The heaven will split apart thereby) — he said: filled by it, in the language of Abyssinia.
Mahrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Jābir, on the authority of ʿIkrima — and he did not hear it from Ibn ʿAbbās: (السَّمَاءُ مُنْفَطِرٌ بِهِ) (The heaven will split apart thereby) — he said: filled by it.
And the heaven (al-samāʾ) has been mentioned here in the masculine form, because the Arabs use the word both as masculine and as feminine. Whoever makes it masculine directs its meaning toward "ceiling," as one says: "this is the samāʾ of the house," by which one means its ceiling. It is also possible that their masculine use of it is because it belongs to the nouns in which there is no distinction between the feminine and the masculine form. Among the masculine usage is the saying of the poet:
Even if the heaven were to raise a people up to itself, / then we would reach the heaven, together with the clouds.
And His saying: (كَانَ وَعْدُهُ مَفْعُولا) (His promise is fulfilled) — the Exalted, whose praise is exalted, says: What Allah has promised to do is fulfilled, for He does not break His promise. And what He has promised to do is His bringing it to pass on the Day on which the children turn grey-haired. He says: So beware of that Day, O people, for it comes inevitably.