Tabari

Tafseer of The Heights · Al-A'raaf · 7:5

فَمَا كَانَ دَعْوَىٰهُمْ إِذْ جَآءَهُم بَأْسُنَآ إِلَّآ أَن قَالُوٓا۟ إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَٰلِمِينَ

And their declaration when Our punishment came to them was only that they said, "Indeed, we were wrongdoers!"

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    The explanation of His word: فَمَا كَانَ دَعْوَاهُمْ إِذْ جَاءَهُمْ بَأْسُنَا إِلا أَنْ قَالُوا إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَالِمِينَ (And their cry, when Our might came upon them, was nothing other than that they said: Truly, we were wrongdoers) (7:5).

    Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose mention is exalted, says: The cry of the inhabitants of the town that We destroyed, when Our might and Our overpowering came upon them, by night or while they were resting at midday, was nothing other than their acknowledgment concerning themselves that they had done themselves wrong, that they had been sinners before their Lord, and that they had transgressed His command and His prohibition.

    He means by His word, whose praise is exalted, (their cry — daʿwā-hum) in this place: their invocation (duʿāʾ).

    The word "al-daʿwā" in the language of the Arabs has two meanings: one is invocation (al-duʿāʾ), and the other is the claim to a right (al-iddiʿāʾ li-l-ḥaqq).

    An example of "al-daʿwā" in the meaning of invocation is the word of Allah, blessed and exalted is He: فَمَا زَالَتْ تِلْكَ دَعْوَاهُمْ (And that cry of theirs did not cease) [Sūra al-Anbiyāʾ: 15]. And of that is the word of the poet:

    And when my foot grew stiff, I invoked you, seeking a cure, by calling upon you against the stiffness in it, so that it was relieved.

    We have already previously explained that "al-baʾs" and "al-baʾsāʾ" mean the severe trial, with the proofs that demonstrate its correctness, in a manner that absolves us from repeating it in this place.

    In this verse lies the clear proof of the soundness of what the report from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has conveyed, namely his word: "No people were destroyed until they had made themselves blameworthy (yuʿdhirū min anfusihim)."

    And some have explained it in that way too.

    14323 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, he said: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of Abū Sinān, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Maysara al-Zarrād, he said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd said: The Messenger of Allah said: "No people were destroyed until they had made themselves blameworthy." He said: I said to ʿAbd al-Malik: How is that? He said: Then he recited this verse: (And their cry, when Our might came upon them), the verse.

    If someone were to ask: How is it said: (And their cry, when Our might came upon them, was nothing other than that they said: Truly, we were wrongdoers)? And how was it possible for them to cry that out, when the might of Allah had already overtaken them with destruction? Did they utter that before the destruction? If they uttered it before the destruction, then they uttered it before the coming of the might, while Allah reports about them that they uttered it when it came upon them, not before it. Or did they utter it after it had overtaken them — but that is a state in which they were already destroyed, so how is it permissible to describe them as uttering that, when they have beheld the might of Allah with their own eyes and the reality of what the messengers had promised them of the overpowering of Allah?

    The answer is: Not among all peoples did the destruction occur in a single moment, without delay between its beginning and its end. Rather, among them were those who drowned in the flood: between the first onset of the cause by which they knew that they would perish, and the last of it that encompassed them all with its destruction, there lay a span of time that is not hidden from any sensible person. And among them were those who, after the appearance of the sign of destruction before their eyes, still enjoyed three days of life, like the people of Ṣāliḥ and their like. So when they beheld the first signs of the might of Allah with which the messengers of Allah had threatened them, and they gained certainty about the reality of the descent of the overpowering of Allah upon them, they cried out: يَا وَيْلَنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَالِمِينَ (Woe to us, truly, we were wrongdoers). But their faith did not avail them, now that the threat of Allah had come and His retribution had reached their courtyard. Thus our Lord, whose praise is exalted, warned those to whom He sent His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ, of His overpowering and His punishment for their disbelief in Him and their denial of His messenger — of that which befell the peoples before them when they disobeyed their messengers and followed the command of every obstinate tyrant.

    Show original Arabic
    القول في تأويل قوله : فَمَا كَانَ دَعْوَاهُمْ إِذْ جَاءَهُمْ بَأْسُنَا إِلا أَنْ قَالُوا إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَالِمِينَ (5) قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره: فلم يكن دعوى أهل القرية التي أهلكناها، إذ جاءهم بأسنا وسطوتُنا بياتًا أو هم قائلون, إلا اعترافهم على أنفسهم بأنهم كانوا إلى أنفسهم مسيئين، وبربهم آثمين، ولأمره ونهيه مخالفين. (18) * * * وعنى بقوله جل ثناؤه: (دعواهم)، في هذا الموضع دعاءَهم. * * * ولـ" الدعوى "، في كلام العرب، وجهان: أحدهما: الدعاء ، والآخر: الادعاء للحق. ومن " الدعوى " التي معناها الدعاء، قول الله تبارك وتعالى: فَمَا زَالَتْ تِلْكَ دَعْوَاهُمْ [سورة الأنبياء: 15]، ومنه قول الشاعر: (19) وَإِنْ مَـذِلَتْ رِجْـلِي دَعَـوْتُكِ أَشْـتَفِي بِدَعْــوَاكِ مِـنْ مَـذْلٍ بِهَـا فَيَهُـونُ (20) * * * وقد بينا فيما مضى قبل أن " البأس " و " البأساء " الشدة, بشواهد ذلك الدالة على صحته, بما أغنى عن إعادته في هذا الموضع. (21) * * * وفي هذه الآية الدلالةُ الواضحة على صحة ما جاءت به الرواية عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من قوله: " ما هلك قوم حتى يُعْذِروا من أنفسهم ". * * * وقد تأوّل ذلك كذلك بعضهم. 14323- حدثنا ابن حميد قال، حدثنا جرير, عن أبي سنان, عن عبد الملك بن ميسرة الزرَّاد قال، قال عبد الله بن مسعود: قال رسول الله: ما هلك قوم حتى يُعْذِروا من أنفسهم - قال قلت لعبد الملك: كيف يكون ذلك؟ قال: فقرأ هذه الآية: (فما كان دعواهم إذ جاءهم بأسنا)، الآية (22) . * * * فإن قال قائل: وكيف قيل: (فما كان دعواهم إذ جاءهم بأسنا إلا أن قالوا إنا كنا ظالمين)؟ وكيف أمكنتهم الدعوى بذلك، وقد جاءهم بأس الله بالهلاك؟ أقالوا ذلك قبل الهلاك؟ فإن كانوا قالوه قبل الهلاك, فإنهم قالوا قبل مجيء البأس, والله يخبر عنهم أنهم قالوه حين جاءهم، لا قبل ذلك؟ أو قالوه بعد ما جاءهم، فتلك حالة قد هلكوا فيها, فكيف يجوز وصفهم بقيل ذلك إذا عاينوا بأس الله، وحقيقة ما كانت الرسل تَعِدهم من سطوة الله؟. (23) قيل: ليس كل الأمم كان هلاكها في لحظة ليس بين أوّله وآخره مَهَلٌ, بل كان منهم من غرق بالطوفان. فكان بين أوّل ظهور السبب الذي علموا أنهم به هالكون، وبين آخره الذي عمَّ جميعهم هلاكُه، المدة التي لا خفاء بها على ذي عقل . ومنهم من مُتِّع بالحياة بعد ظهور علامة الهلاك لأعينهم أيامًا ثلاثة, كقوم صالح وأشباههم. فحينئذ لما عاينوا أوائل بأس الله الذي كانت رسل الله تتوعدهم به، وأيقنوا حقيقة نـزول سطوة الله بهم, دعوا: يَا وَيْلَنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَالِمِينَ ، فلم يك ينفعهم إيمانهم مع مجيء وعيد الله وحلول نقمته بساحتهم. فحذّر ربنا جل ثناؤه الذين أرسل إليهم نبيه محمدًا صلى الله عليه وسلم من سطوته وعقابه على كفرهم به وتكذيبهم رسوله, ما حلَّ بمن كان قبلهم من الأمم إذ عصوا رُسله، واتبعوا أمر كل جبار عنيد. ------------------ الهوامش : (18) انظر بيان قول (( بربهم آثمين )) فيما سلف ص : 171 ، تعليق : 1 ، والمراجع هناك . (19) كثير عزة . (20) ديوانه 2 : 245 ، في باب الزيادات ، نهاية الأرب 2 : 125 ، واللسان ( مذل ) . (( مذلت رجله ( بفتح وسكون ) ومذلا ( بفتحتين ): خدرت ، كانوا يزعمون أن المرء إذا خدرت رجله ثم دعا باسم مَنْ أحب ، زال خدرها . (21) انظر تفسير (( البأس )) فيما سلف ص : 299 ، تعليق : 3 ، والمراجع هناك . (22) الأثر : 14323 - (( عبد الملك بن ميسرة الهلالي الزراد )) ، ثقة ، روى له الجماعة ، مضى برقم : 503 ، 504 ، 1326 ، مات في العشر الثاني من المئة الثانية . لم يدرك ابن مسعود ولا غيره من الصحابة . فإسناده منقطع . وهذا الخبر ذكره ابن كثير في تفسيره 3 : 448 ، عن الطبري ولم يخرجه . وخرجه السيوطي في الدر المنثور 3 : 67 ، ولم ينسبه إلى غير ابن أبي حاتم . (( أعذر من نفسه )) ، إذا أمكن معاقبة بذنبه منها . يعني : أنهم لا يهلكون حتى تكثر ذنوبهم وعيوبهم ، فيعذروا من أنفسهم ، ويستوجبوا العقوبة ، ويكون لمن يعذبهم عذر في إلحاق العذاب بهم . (23) في المخطوطة وصل الكلام هكذا : (( وحقيقة ما كانت الرسل تعدهم من سطوة الله وليس كل الأمم )) ، بالواو ، وليس فيها (( قيل )) ، وقد أحسن الناشر الأول فيما فعل ، وإن كنت أظن أن في الكلام سقطًا.