Tafseer of The Heights · Al-A'raaf · 7:5
And their declaration when Our punishment came to them was only that they said, "Indeed, we were wrongdoers!"
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of His word: فَمَا كَانَ دَعْوَاهُمْ إِذْ جَاءَهُمْ بَأْسُنَا إِلا أَنْ قَالُوا إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَالِمِينَ (And their cry, when Our might came upon them, was nothing other than that they said: Truly, we were wrongdoers) (7:5).
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose mention is exalted, says: The cry of the inhabitants of the town that We destroyed, when Our might and Our overpowering came upon them, by night or while they were resting at midday, was nothing other than their acknowledgment concerning themselves that they had done themselves wrong, that they had been sinners before their Lord, and that they had transgressed His command and His prohibition.
He means by His word, whose praise is exalted, (their cry — daʿwā-hum) in this place: their invocation (duʿāʾ).
The word "al-daʿwā" in the language of the Arabs has two meanings: one is invocation (al-duʿāʾ), and the other is the claim to a right (al-iddiʿāʾ li-l-ḥaqq).
An example of "al-daʿwā" in the meaning of invocation is the word of Allah, blessed and exalted is He: فَمَا زَالَتْ تِلْكَ دَعْوَاهُمْ (And that cry of theirs did not cease) [Sūra al-Anbiyāʾ: 15]. And of that is the word of the poet:
And when my foot grew stiff, I invoked you, seeking a cure, by calling upon you against the stiffness in it, so that it was relieved.
We have already previously explained that "al-baʾs" and "al-baʾsāʾ" mean the severe trial, with the proofs that demonstrate its correctness, in a manner that absolves us from repeating it in this place.
In this verse lies the clear proof of the soundness of what the report from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has conveyed, namely his word: "No people were destroyed until they had made themselves blameworthy (yuʿdhirū min anfusihim)."
And some have explained it in that way too.
14323 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, he said: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of Abū Sinān, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Maysara al-Zarrād, he said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd said: The Messenger of Allah said: "No people were destroyed until they had made themselves blameworthy." He said: I said to ʿAbd al-Malik: How is that? He said: Then he recited this verse: (And their cry, when Our might came upon them), the verse.
If someone were to ask: How is it said: (And their cry, when Our might came upon them, was nothing other than that they said: Truly, we were wrongdoers)? And how was it possible for them to cry that out, when the might of Allah had already overtaken them with destruction? Did they utter that before the destruction? If they uttered it before the destruction, then they uttered it before the coming of the might, while Allah reports about them that they uttered it when it came upon them, not before it. Or did they utter it after it had overtaken them — but that is a state in which they were already destroyed, so how is it permissible to describe them as uttering that, when they have beheld the might of Allah with their own eyes and the reality of what the messengers had promised them of the overpowering of Allah?
The answer is: Not among all peoples did the destruction occur in a single moment, without delay between its beginning and its end. Rather, among them were those who drowned in the flood: between the first onset of the cause by which they knew that they would perish, and the last of it that encompassed them all with its destruction, there lay a span of time that is not hidden from any sensible person. And among them were those who, after the appearance of the sign of destruction before their eyes, still enjoyed three days of life, like the people of Ṣāliḥ and their like. So when they beheld the first signs of the might of Allah with which the messengers of Allah had threatened them, and they gained certainty about the reality of the descent of the overpowering of Allah upon them, they cried out: يَا وَيْلَنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَالِمِينَ (Woe to us, truly, we were wrongdoers). But their faith did not avail them, now that the threat of Allah had come and His retribution had reached their courtyard. Thus our Lord, whose praise is exalted, warned those to whom He sent His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ, of His overpowering and His punishment for their disbelief in Him and their denial of His messenger — of that which befell the peoples before them when they disobeyed their messengers and followed the command of every obstinate tyrant.