Tafseer of The Heights · Al-A'raaf · 7:198
And if you invite them to guidance, they do not hear; and you see them looking at you while they do not see.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The statement concerning the interpretation of His word: وَإِنْ تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْهُدَى لا يَسْمَعُوا وَتَرَاهُمْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ وَهُمْ لا يُبْصِرُونَ (198) (And if you call them to guidance, they do not hear, and you see them looking at you while they do not see.)
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose praise is exalted, says to His prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: Say to the polytheists (mushrikīn): And if you, O polytheists, call your gods to guidance — and that is steadfastly holding fast to the right path — "they do not hear," that is: they do not hear your call, "and you see them looking at you while they do not see."
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This is an address from Allah to His prophet ﷺ. He says: And you, O Muḥammad, see their gods looking at you while they do not see. That is why He used the singular form. Had it been a command to the Prophet ﷺ to address the polytheists, He would have said: "and you (plural) see them looking at you (plural)."
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And it has been related from al-Suddī concerning this the following:
15533 — Muhammad ibn al-Husayn related to me, saying: Ahmad ibn al-Mufaddal related to us, saying: Asbāt related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: "And if you call them to guidance, they do not hear, and you see them looking at you while they do not see" — he said: These are the polytheists.
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And it is possible that al-Suddī, by his word "these are the polytheists," intended the word of Allah: "And if you call them to guidance, they do not hear." And Mujāhid said concerning this the following:
15534 — al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Abū Hudhayfa related to us, saying: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīh, on the authority of Mujāhid: "and you see them looking at you while they do not see" — namely those whom you call to guidance. It is as though Mujāhid understood the meaning of the words such that the meaning is: and you see the polytheists looking at you while they do not see. That is a possible interpretation, but since the words stand in the context of the report about the gods, it is more fitting that it refers to them (the gods).
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Abū Jaʿfar said: If someone were to ask: What is the meaning of His word "and you see them looking at you while they do not see"? And is it possible that something looks at something and yet does not see it?
Then it is answered: The Arabs say of something when it stands opposite something else or lies level with it: "it looks at such-and-such." And one says: "the house of so-and-so looks at my house" when it lies opposite it. And it has been related from them: "When you come to such-and-such a place, and the mountain looks at you, then take to the right or the left." And it was related to me on the authority of Abū ʿUbayd, he said: al-Kisāʾī said: "The wall looks at you" when it is close to you, where you can see it. And to this belongs the word of the poet:
When you look toward the land of Banū Tamīm, with an [own] eye, or the land of Banū Subāh.
He means: their crops and herbs lie opposite each other and are at an equal height.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: The meaning of the words is therefore: And you see, O Muḥammad, the gods of these polytheists — the idol-worshippers — looking at you and standing opposite you, while they do not see you, because they have no sight. And it was said "and you see them" (masculine plural, as of rational beings), and not "and you see them" (feminine), because they are images formed in the shape of the children of Ādam, peace be upon him.