Tafseer of The Prohibition · At-Tahrim · 66:4
If you two [wives] repent to Allah, [it is best], for your hearts have deviated. But if you cooperate against him - then indeed Allah is his protector, and Gabriel and the righteous of the believers and the angels, moreover, are [his] assistants.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The Exalted, whose remembrance is exalted, says: If you two turn to Allah in repentance, O you two women — for your hearts have inclined toward the love of that which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ detested, namely that he abstained from his slave-girl and forbade her to himself, or that he forbade to himself something that was permitted to him on account of Ḥafṣa.
And in the sense of what we have said concerning this, the interpreters (ahl al-taʾwīl) have also spoken.
* Mention of who said that:
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: إِنْ تَتُوبَا إِلَى اللَّهِ فَقَدْ صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا (If you two turn to Allah in repentance, for your hearts have inclined). He says: your hearts have deviated; he says: your hearts have sinned.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Wāḍiḥ related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Ṭalḥa related to us, on the authority of Zubayd, on the authority of Mujāhid, who said: We were of the opinion that His word فَقَدْ صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا (your hearts have inclined) meant something slight, until I heard the reading of Ibn Masʿūd: إن تَتُوبَا إِلى اللهِ فَقَدْ زَاغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمُا (If you two turn to Allah in repentance, for your hearts have strayed).
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: فَقَدْ صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا means: your hearts have inclined.
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: فَقَدْ صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا — your hearts have inclined.
It was related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, saying: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd related to us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His word: فَقَدْ صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا — he says: they have deviated.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān: صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا — he said: your hearts have deviated.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, Ibn Zayd said: Allah, mighty and exalted is He, said: إِنْ تَتُوبَا إِلَى اللَّهِ فَقَدْ صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا — he said: it pleased them both that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ abstained from his slave-girl, and that suited them both well. صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا means: that what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ detested pleased them both.
And His word: وَإِنْ تَظَاهَرَا عَلَيْهِ (And if you two conspire against him) — the Exalted, whose remembrance is exalted, says this to her to whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entrusted his confidential word, and to her to whom she passed on his word; and the two of them are ʿĀʾisha and Ḥafṣa, may Allah be pleased with them both.
And in the sense of what we have said concerning this, the interpreters have also spoken.
* Mention of who said that:
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of al-Zuhrī, on the authority of ʿUbayd Allāh ibn ʿAbd Allāh, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: I continued to desire to ask ʿUmar about the two women among the wives of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ concerning whom Allah, exalted be His praise, said: إِنْ تَتُوبَا إِلَى اللَّهِ فَقَدْ صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا (If you two turn to Allah in repentance, for your hearts have inclined). He said: Then ʿUmar performed the pilgrimage, and I performed it with him. When we were somewhere along the way, ʿUmar turned aside from the road, and I turned aside with him with a water-jug. Then he came to me and I poured water over his hand and he performed the ablution. Then I said: O Commander of the Faithful, who are the two women among the wives of the Prophet ﷺ to whom Allah said: إِنْ تَتُوبَا إِلَى اللَّهِ فَقَدْ صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا ? ʿUmar said: How you astonish me, O Ibn ʿAbbās! Al-Zuhrī said: by Allah, he disliked the question that he posed to him, but he did not conceal the answer. He said: it is Ḥafṣa and ʿĀʾisha. He said: then he began to recount the report and said: We, the company of Quraysh, used to dominate the women; but when we came to Medina... — then he related the report in its full length.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Ashhab informed us, on the authority of Mālik, on the authority of Abū al-Naḍr, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn Ḥusayn, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, that he asked ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, may Allah be pleased with him, about the two who conspired against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, whereupon he said: ʿĀʾisha and Ḥafṣa.
Yūnus related to us, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Sufyān informed us, on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd, on the authority of ʿUbayd ibn Ḥunayn, that he heard Ibn ʿAbbās say: I continued for a year desiring to ask ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb about the two who conspired, but I found no occasion on which I could ask him, until he set out for the pilgrimage and I accompanied him. When he was at Marr al-Ẓahrān, he went off to relieve himself, and he said: come after me with a water-jug. When he had done his need and returned, I brought him the jug and poured out water for him. Then I saw the opportunity and said: O Commander of the Faithful, who are the two women who conspired against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ? I had not yet finished my words when he said: ʿĀʾisha and Ḥafṣa, may Allah be pleased with them both.
Ibn Bashshār and Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, both of them saying: ʿUmar ibn Yūnus related to us, saying: ʿIkrima ibn ʿAmmār related to us, saying: Simāk Abū Zumayl related to us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās related to me, saying: ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb related to me, saying: When the Prophet of Allah ﷺ secluded himself from his wives, I went in to him while I saw the anger upon his face. Then I said: O Messenger of Allah, what has so grieved you concerning the matter of the women? For if you have divorced them, then Allah is with you, and His angels, and Gabriel and Michael, and I and Abū Bakr are with you. And seldom did I speak words in which I praise Allah, but I hoped that Allah would confirm my utterance. Then this verse was revealed, the verse of the choice: عَسَى رَبُّهُ إِنْ طَلَّقَكُنَّ أَنْ يُبْدِلَهُ أَزْوَاجًا خَيْرًا مِنْكُنَّ (Perhaps his Lord, if he divorces you, will give him in exchange wives better than you), وَإِنْ تَظَاهَرَا عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ مَوْلاهُ وَجِبْرِيلُ وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (And if you two conspire against him — verily, Allah is his Protector, and Gabriel and the righteous believers) ... the verse. And ʿĀʾisha, the daughter of Abū Bakr, and Ḥafṣa used to conspire together against the remaining wives of the Prophet ﷺ.
It was related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, saying: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd related to us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His word: وَإِنْ تَظَاهَرَا عَلَيْهِ — he says: against being disobedient to the Prophet ﷺ and causing him hurt.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said: Ibn ʿAbbās said to ʿUmar: O Commander of the Faithful, I wish to ask you something, but I fear you. He said: do not fear me. Then he said: who are the two who conspired against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ? He said: ʿĀʾisha and Ḥafṣa.
And His word: فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ مَوْلاهُ وَجِبْرِيلُ وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (Verily, Allah is his Protector, and Gabriel and the righteous believers) — he says: verily, Allah is his protector and helper, and the righteous believers, and likewise the best of the believers are his protector and helper.
It was said: by "the righteous believers" are meant in this place: Abū Bakr and ʿUmar, may Allah be pleased with them both.
* Mention of who said that:
ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan al-Azdī related to me, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Yamān related to us, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word: وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ he said: Abū Bakr and ʿUmar.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Wāḍiḥ related to us, saying: ʿUbayd ibn Sulaymān related to us, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk, concerning His word: وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ he said: the best of the believers, Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq and ʿUmar.
Isḥāq ibn Isrāʾīl related to us, saying: al-Faḍl ibn Mūsā al-Sīnānī — from a village near Marw called Sīnān — related to us, on the authority of ʿUbayd ibn Sulaymān, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk ibn Muzāḥim say concerning His word: وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ he said: Abū Bakr and ʿUmar.
It was related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, saying: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd related to us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His word: وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ — he says: the best of the believers.
Others said: by "the righteous believers" the prophets are meant, Allah's blessings be upon them.
* Mention of who said that:
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ he said: they are the prophets.
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ he said: they are the prophets.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān: وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ he said: the prophets.
And the correct view concerning this, in my opinion, is: that His word وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ , although it stands in a singular form, has the meaning of the plural. It is like His word: إِنَّ الإِنْسَانَ لَفِي خُسْرٍ (Verily, man is in loss). For "man," although it stands in a singular form, has the meaning of the plural. It is comparable to the statement of someone: "Let only the reciter of the Qurʾān recite it aloud." One says "the reciter of the Qurʾān," and although that is singular in form, its meaning is plural, because it is permitted to every reciter of the Qurʾān to recite it aloud, whether there be one or a group.
And His word: وَالْمَلائِكَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ظَهِيرٌ (And the angels after that are a support) — he says: and the angels, together with Gabriel and the righteous believers, are helpers for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ against whoever hurts him and wishes to bring evil upon him. And "ẓahīr" (support) stands in this place in a singular form with the meaning of the plural. Had it been expressed in the plural form, it would have been said: "and the angels after that are ẓuharāʾ (helpers)."
And Ibn Zayd used to say concerning this what Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word: وَإِنْ تَظَاهَرَا عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ مَوْلاهُ وَجِبْرِيلُ وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ he said: and He began here with the righteous believers before the angels, and said: وَالْمَلائِكَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ظَهِيرٌ (And the angels after that are a support).