Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The statement concerning the explanation of His saying: And that: establish the ritual prayer (ṣalāh) and fear Him; and He it is to whom you shall be gathered (6:72).

   Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose mention is exalted, says: And we were commanded that: establish the ritual prayer.

   * * *

   It was said: "and that: establish the prayer," in which by "an" (that) a connection was made to the "lām" of li-nuslima (that we should submit), because His saying li-nuslima carries the meaning of: that we should submit. Thus His saying "and that: establish" was referred back to the meaning of li-nuslima, since the "lām" that occurs in His saying li-nuslima is a "lām" that goes only with the future form of verbs, and "an" belongs to the particles that indicate futurity in the same manner as the "lām" that occurs in li-nuslima. Therefore it was coupled by means of "an," on account of the agreement of the meaning of both in that which I have mentioned.

   Thus "an" stands in the position of the accusative (naṣb) through the referral back to the "lām."

   * * *

   Some of the grammarians of Basra used to say: Either it means: "we were commanded that we should submit to the Lord of the worlds, and that: establish the prayer," whereby he says: we were commanded that we should submit, as He has said: And I was commanded to be among the believers (Sūrat Yūnus: 104), that is: that was only commanded to me. Then he said: "and that: establish the prayer and fear Him," that is: we were commanded that: establish the prayer. Or he joined the verb to the "lām," whereby the meaning is: I was commanded that I should be, just as he joined the verb to the "lām" in His saying: They fear their Lord (Sūrat al-Aʿrāf: 154).

   * * *

   The explanation of the statement is therefore: and we were commanded to establish the prayer, and that is the fulfilling of it within the limits that have been prescribed for us. "And fear Him," He says: and fear the Lord of the worlds who has commanded us to submit to Him; so fear Him and guard yourselves against His wrath, by fulfilling the prayer prescribed for you, by submission to Him in obedience, and by keeping worship pure for Him. "And He it is to whom you shall be gathered," He says: and your Lord, the Lord of the worlds, He it is to whom you shall be gathered and brought together on the Day of Resurrection, so that He may recompense every doer among you according to his deed, and every soul may be fully repaid what it has earned.

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله : وَأَنْ أَقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَاتَّقُوهُ وَهُوَ الَّذِي إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ (72) قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره: وأمرنا أنْ أقيموا الصلاة. * * * وإنما قيل: " وأن أقيموا الصلاة "، فعطف ب " أن " على " اللام " من لِنُسْلِمَ ، لأن قوله: لِنُسْلِمَ معناه: أن نسلم, فردّ قوله: " وأن أقيموا " على معنى: لِنُسْلِمَ , إذ كانت " اللام " التي في قوله: لِنُسْلِمَ , لامًا لا تصحب إلا المستقبل من الأفعال, وكانت " أن " من الحروف التي تدل على الاستقبال دلالة " اللام " التي في لِنُسْلِمَ , فعطف بها عليها، لاتفاق معنيهما فيما ذكرت. ف " أن " في موضع نصب بالردّ على اللام. (31) * * * وكان بعض نحويِّي البصرة يقول: إما أن يكون ذلك،" أمرنا لنسلم لرب العالمين وأن أقيموا الصلاة ", يقول: أمرنا كي نسلم, كما قال: وَأُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (32) [سورة يونس: 104] ، أي: إنما أمرت بذلك. (33) ثم قال: " وأن أقيموا الصلاة واتقوه "، أي: أمرنا أن أقيموا الصلاة = أو يكون أوصل الفعل باللام, والمعنى: أمرت أن أكون, كما أوصل الفعل باللام في قوله: هُمْ لِرَبِّهِمْ يَرْهَبُونَ ، [سورة الأعراف: 154]. * * * فتأويل الكلام: وأمرنا بإقامة الصلاة, وذلك أداؤها بحدودها التي فرضت علينا (34) =" واتقوه "، يقول: واتقوا رب العالمين الذي أمرنا أن نسلم له, فخافوه واحذروا سَخطه، بأداء الصلاة المفروضة عليكم، والإذعان له بالطاعة، وإخلاص العبادة له =" وهو الذي إليه تحشرون "، يقول: وربكم رب العالمين، هو الذي إليه تحشرون فتجمعون يوم القيامة, (35) فيجازي كلَّ عامل منكم بعمله, وتوفي كل نفس ما كسبت. --------------------- الهوامش : (31) انظر معاني القرآن للفراء 1: 339. (32) في المطبوعة والمخطوطة: "وأمرت لأن أكون من المؤمنين" ، وهذه ليست آية في كتاب الله ، بل الآية هي التي ذكرت ، وهي حق الاستدلال في هذا الموضع. (33) في المطبوعة والمخطوطة: "إنما أمرت لذلك" ، وهو خطأ ، والصواب ما أثبت. (34) انظر تفسير"إقامة الصلاة" فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة (قوم) (صلا). (35) انظر تفسير"الحشر" فيما سلف ص: 373 تعليق: 2 ، والمراجع هناك.