Tafseer of The Exile · Al-Hashr · 59:8
For the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and their properties, seeking bounty from Allah and [His] approval and supporting Allah and His Messenger, [there is also a share]. Those are the truthful.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The discourse on the explanation of His statement, the Exalted: لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا وَيَنْصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ (59:8) ("For the poor among the emigrants who were driven out of their dwellings and away from their possessions, who seek a bounty from Allah and good pleasure, and who help Allah and His Messenger — it is they who are the truthful.")
Allah, exalted is His mention, says: so that what Allah has allotted to His Messenger as spoils of war (fayʾ) should not be a possession circulating only among the wealthy of you, but so that it should go to the poor among the emigrants (al-muhājirūn). It has been said: by "the emigrants" are meant the emigrants of Quraysh.
* Mention of who said that:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both of them — on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ("What Allah has allotted to His Messenger as spoils") — from [the tribe of] Qurayẓa — He designated it for the emigrants of Quraysh.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Yaʿqūb related to us, on the authority of Jaʿfar, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr and Saʿīd ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abzā, who both said: There were men among the emigrants, one of whom owned a house, a wife, a slave (ʿabd), and a she-camel on which he performed the pilgrimage (ḥajj) and went out to battle; yet Allah counted them among the poor and assigned them a share in the zakāh.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His statement: لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيارِهِمْ ... up to His statement: أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ . He said: These are the emigrants who left behind their dwellings, their possessions, their relatives, and their kinsfolk; they went out from love for Allah and His Messenger, and chose Islam, despite all the hardships connected with that. It has even been related to us that a man would bind a stone upon his belly to thereby keep his back upright from hunger, and that a man would dig a pit in the winter, having no other covering than that.
And His statement: الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ ("who were driven out of their dwellings and away from their possessions"), and His statement: يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا ("who seek a bounty from Allah and good pleasure") — the position of "yabtaghūna" is in the accusative (naṣb), because it functions as a circumstantial qualifier (ḥāl). And His statement: وَيَنْصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ("and who help Allah and His Messenger") means: and they help the religion of Allah with which He sent His Messenger Muḥammad, Allah's blessing and peace be upon him. And His statement: أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ ("it is they who are the truthful") means: those whose characteristics He has described, namely the poor among the emigrants, are the truthful in what they say.
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The footnotes:
(3) Perhaps the word "ḥattā" is an addition by the copyists.
