Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The discourse on the explanation of His saying, exalted be His praise and holy are His names: قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ (58:1) ("Allah has indeed heard the word of her who disputes with you concerning her husband and who pours out her complaint to Allah, and Allah hears the conversation of you both; verily, Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing").

   The Exalted, whose renown is mentioned, says to His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ ) ("Allah has indeed heard") — O Muḥammad — ( قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) ("the word of her who disputes with you concerning her husband"). And she who disputed with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ concerning her husband was a woman of the Anṣār.

   The scholars (ʿulamāʾ) differed concerning her lineage and her name. Some said: Khawla bint Thaʿlaba. Others said: her name was Khuwayla bint Thaʿlaba. Yet others said: she is Khuwayla bint Khuwaylid. Others said: she is Khuwayla bint al-Ṣāmit. And yet others said: she is Khuwayla ibnat al-Dulayj. Her disputing with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ concerning her husband — and her husband was Aws ibn al-Ṣāmit — was her repeated insistence to him concerning his affair, and concerning what he had said to her: "You are to me as the back of my mother," and her back-and-forth exchange with him about that. This is what the people of interpretation (ahl al-taʾwīl) have said, and the narration is in agreement concerning it.

   * Mention of those who said that, and the reports transmitted concerning it:

   Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Dāwūd related to us, saying: I heard Abū al-ʿĀliya say: "Khuwayla ibnat al-Dulayj came to the Prophet ﷺ while ʿĀʾisha was washing one half of his head, and she said: O Messenger of Allah, my cohabitation with my husband has been long, I have emptied my belly for him [i.e. borne him children], and he has pronounced the ẓihār against me. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: You have become forbidden to him. She said: I complain of my neediness to Allah. Then she said: O Messenger of Allah, my cohabitation has been long, and I have emptied my belly for him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: You have become forbidden to him. Every time he said to her: You have become forbidden to him, she cried out: I complain of my neediness to Allah. He said: Then the revelation descended, while ʿĀʾisha had risen to wash the other half of his head. ʿĀʾisha gestured to her to be silent. She said: And when the revelation descended upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, something like a drowsiness came over him. When the revelation was completed, he said: Call your husband. And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ recited to her ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا ) ... up to His saying: وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا ("And those who pronounce the ẓihār against their wives and then go back on what they have said") — that is: retract it — فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا ("then the freeing of a slave is required, before they touch one another"). He asked: Can you [free] a slave? He said: No. He said: فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ ("And whoever finds none, then there is the fasting of two consecutive months"). He said: O Messenger of Allah, if I do not eat three times in a day, I fear that my eyesight will weaken. He said: فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا ("And whoever is unable, then there is the feeding of sixty needy persons"). He asked: Can you feed sixty needy persons? He said: No, O Messenger of Allah, unless you help me. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ helped him, and he fed [them].

   Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, who said: It was related to us that Khuwayla ibnat Thaʿlaba — and her husband was Aws ibn al-Ṣāmit, who had pronounced the ẓihār against her — came to voice her complaint to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. She said: My husband pronounced the ẓihār against me when my age had advanced and my bones had grown weak. Then Allah revealed concerning her what you hear: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ ). He recited on until he reached: لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ * وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا ("verily Pardoning, Forgiving * And those who pronounce the ẓihār against their wives and then go back on what they have said") — he wished to approach [her] after his utterance. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ called him and said to him: Can you free a slave? He said: To that I have no means — or he said: I do not find one. He said: Can you fast two consecutive months? He said: No, by Allah; if the meal escapes him on a single day, his eyesight weakens. He said: Can you feed sixty needy persons? He said: No, by Allah, unless you assist me with help and supplication. Bishr said, Yazīd said: he means a supplication. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ helped him with fifteen ṣāʿ, and Allah brought it together for him, and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.

   Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His saying: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا ). He said: That was Aws ibn al-Ṣāmit, who pronounced the ẓihār against his wife Khuwayla ibnat Thaʿlaba. She said: O Messenger, my age has advanced, my bones have grown weak, and my husband has pronounced the ẓihār against me. He said: Then Allah revealed وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ ("And those who pronounce the ẓihār against their wives") ... up to His saying: ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا ("then go back on what they have said") — he wished to approach [her] after his utterance — فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا ("then the freeing of a slave is required, before they touch one another"). The Prophet of Allah ﷺ called him to himself and said: Can you free a slave? He said: No. He said: Can you then fast two consecutive months? He said: If it escapes him to eat three times every day, his eyesight weakens. He said: Can you feed sixty needy persons? He said: No, unless the Messenger of Allah ﷺ assists me therein with help and supplication. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ helped him with fifteen ṣāʿ, and Allah brought his affair together for him, and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.

   Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Mūsā related to us, on the authority of Abū Ḥamza, on the authority of ʿIkrima, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: When, in the time of ignorance (jāhiliyya), a man said to his wife: "You are to me as the back of my mother," she became forbidden to him in Islam. The first to pronounce the ẓihār in Islam was Aws ibn al-Ṣāmit. Under him [in marriage] there was a daughter of his uncle, called Khuwayla bint Khuwaylid, and he pronounced the ẓihār against her. It overwhelmed him and he said: I think nothing other than that you have become forbidden to me. And she said the same to him. He said: Go to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: Then she came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and found with him a hairdresser combing his head, and she told him. He said: O Khuwayla, we have not been commanded anything in your affair. Then Allah revealed to His Messenger ﷺ, and he said: O Khuwayla, rejoice. She said: Something good? He said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ recited to her ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ ) .... up to His saying: فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا ("then the freeing of a slave is required, before they touch one another"). She said: What slave do we have? By Allah, he finds no slave other than myself. He said: فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ ("And whoever finds none, then there is the fasting of two consecutive months"). She said: By Allah, if he does not drink three times a day, his eyesight is lost. He said: فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا ("And whoever is unable, then there is the feeding of sixty needy persons"). She said: From where? It is no more than one meal until the next. He said: Then he helped him with half a wasq, thirty ṣāʿ — and the wasq is sixty ṣāʿ — and he said: Let him feed sixty needy persons and return to you.

   Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His saying: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ ) ... up to His saying: فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا ("then there is the feeding of sixty needy persons"). That was because Khawla bint al-Ṣāmit, a woman of the Anṣār, [had a husband who] pronounced the ẓihār against her and said: You are to me as the back of my mother. Then she came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: My husband married me when I was beloved, until I grew old and advanced in age; then he said: You are to me as the back of my mother, and he left me with no one. If you find for me a dispensation (rukhṣa), O Messenger of Allah, by which you may relieve me and him, then tell it to me. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: I have not been commanded anything in your affair up to now, but return to your house; if I am commanded anything, I will not hide it from you, if Allah wills. Then she returned to her house, and Allah revealed to His Messenger ﷺ in the Book the way out for her and the way out for her husband: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) ... up to His saying: وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ("and for the unbelievers there is a painful chastisement"). The Messenger of Allah ﷺ summoned her husband, and when he came to him, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: What brought you to the oath you swore? He said: Does it have an expiation (kaffāra)? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: Can you free a slave? He said: Then all my wealth would be lost; a slave is costly and I have little wealth. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: Can you then fast two consecutive months? He said: No, by Allah; if I do not eat three times a day, my eyesight weakens. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: Can you feed sixty needy persons? He said: No, by Allah, unless you assist me therein with help and supplication. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: I will assist you with fifteen ṣāʿ, and I will ask blessing for you. Thus he brought about the reconciliation between the two of them.

   He said: And He instituted therein the freeing of a slave for whoever was of means — for the one of means there is no expiation other than the freeing of a slave — before they touch one another. And if he was not of means, then the fasting of two consecutive months; for the one without means nothing is fitting other than fasting, unless he is unable. And if he is unable, then the feeding of sixty needy persons. And all of that takes place before sexual intercourse.

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Abū Maʿshar al-Madanī, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, who said: "Khawla ibnat Thaʿlaba was under Aws ibn al-Ṣāmit. He was a man with fits of madness (lamam). In one of his fits he said: You are to me as the back of my mother. Then he regretted what he had said and said to her: I think nothing other than that you have become forbidden to me. She said: Do not say that; by Allah, Allah has not loved divorce [like this]. She said: Go to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and ask him. He said: I am ashamed to ask him about this. She said: Then let me ask him. He said to her: Ask him. Then she came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: O Prophet of Allah, Aws ibn al-Ṣāmit is the father of my child and the dearest of people to me. He has spoken a word — by Him who sent down the Book upon you, he did not mention divorce — he said: You are to me as the back of my mother. The Prophet ﷺ said: I think nothing other than that you have become forbidden to him. She said: Do not say that, O Prophet of Allah; by Allah, he did not mention divorce. She kept persisting in her appeals to the Prophet ﷺ. Then she said: O Allah, today I complain to You of my heavy lot and my loneliness, and how grievously the separation from him weighs upon me. O Allah, then reveal something by the tongue of Your Prophet. She did not leave her place until Allah revealed ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ ), up to where He mentioned the expiations. Then the Prophet ﷺ called him and said: Free a slave. He said: I do not find one. He said: Fast two consecutive months. He said: I cannot; I fast a single day and it already weighs heavily on me. He said: Feed sixty needy persons. He said: As for this, yes."

   Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ). He said: It was revealed concerning a woman named Khawla. And ʿIkrima said: her name was Khuwayla ibnat Thaʿlaba, and her husband was Aws ibn al-Ṣāmit. She came to the Prophet ﷺ and said that her husband had made her to himself as the back of his mother. The Prophet ﷺ said: I think nothing other than that you have become forbidden to him — and he was at that time washing his head. She said: Look [into my affair], may I be your ransom, O Prophet of Allah. He said: I think nothing other than that you have become forbidden to him. She said: Look into my affair, O Messenger of Allah. Thus she began to dispute with him. Then he turned his head to wash it, and she moved to the other side and said: Look, may Allah make me your ransom, O Prophet of Allah. The woman who was washing him said: Shorten your words and your address, O Khuwayla; do you not see that the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has changed color because it will be revealed to him? Then Allah revealed ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) ..., until he reached ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا ("then go back on what they have said"). Qatāda said: He had forbidden her to himself, and wished afterward to return to her and have intercourse with her: فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ ("then the freeing of a slave is required") ..., until he reached: بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ ("He is Well-Informed of what you do"). Ayyūb said: I think that he mentioned it on the authority of ʿIkrima, that the man said: O Prophet of Allah, I do not find a slave. The Prophet ﷺ said: I cannot add anything for you. Then Allah revealed to him: فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا ("then there is the fasting of two consecutive months, before they touch one another"). He said: By Allah, O Prophet of Allah, I cannot manage the fasting; if I do not eat so many meals in a day, this and that befalls me. So he kept complaining to him. He said: I cannot add anything for you. Then was revealed: فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا ("And whoever is unable, then there is the feeding of sixty needy persons").

   Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us, saying: Ibn Abī Najīḥ related to us, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the saying of Allah, mighty and exalted is He: ( الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) ("her who disputes with you concerning her husband"). He said: She disputes with Muḥammad ﷺ, and she pours out her complaint to Allah concerning his old age and her old age, until he had grown weak and her womb had grown weak.

   Al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the saying of Allah: ( الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) ("her who disputes with you concerning her husband"). He said: [She disputes with] Muḥammad concerning her husband, who had pronounced the ẓihār against her, and she pours out her complaint to Allah. Then he mentioned the rest of the narration in a similar manner.

   ʿAbd al-Wārith ibn ʿAbd al-Ṣamad related to me, saying: my father related to us, saying: Abān al-ʿAṭṭār related to us, saying: Hishām ibn ʿUrwa related to us, on the authority of ʿUrwa, that he wrote to ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān: You have written to me asking about Khuwayla ibnat Aws ibn al-Ṣāmit. Now then, she is not the daughter of Aws ibn al-Ṣāmit, but she is the wife of Aws. Aws was a man with fits of madness (lamam): when his affliction severely overcame him, he would pronounce the ẓihār against her, and when his affliction departed from him, he would say nothing of it. Then she came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to ask him for a ruling and to pour out her complaint to Allah. Then Allah revealed what you have heard, and that was the affair of the two of them.

   Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Wahb ibn Jarīr related to us, saying: my father related to us, saying: I heard Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrate, on the authority of Maʿmar ibn ʿAbd Allāh, on the authority of Yūsuf ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Salām, who said: Khuwayla, the wife of Aws ibn al-Ṣāmit, related to me, saying: Between me and him — she means her husband — something [had occurred], and he said: You are to me as the back of my mother. Then he went to the gathering place of his people, then came back and wished to have intercourse with me. She said: By no means, by Him in whose hand is my soul, until my affair and your affair have been brought before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, that he may pass his judgment concerning me and concerning you. He was an old, frail man, and I overpowered him as a strong woman overpowers a weak man. Then I went to a neighbor woman of hers and borrowed her clothes, and came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until I sat down before him. I mentioned to him his affair, and I did not stir until the revelation descended upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then she said: He cannot manage that. He said: We will help him therein with a farq of dates. I said: And I will help him with another farq. Thus he fed sixty needy persons.

   Abū al-Sāʾib related to me, saying: Abū Muʿāwiya related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Tamīm, on the authority of ʿUrwa, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha, who said: Praise be to Allah, whose hearing encompasses all voices. Indeed, the disputing woman came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while I was in a corner of the house, and she complained about her husband; I did not hear what she said. Then Allah, mighty and exalted is He, revealed: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ ) ... up to the end of the verse.

   ʿĪsā ibn ʿUthmān al-Ramlī related to me, saying: Yaḥyā ibn ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Tamīm ibn Salama, on the authority of ʿUrwa, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha, who said: Blessed is He whose hearing encompasses all voices. Indeed, the woman spoke secretly with the Prophet ﷺ; I heard a part of her words, and a part of her words remained hidden from me, when Allah revealed ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ).

   Yaḥyā ibn Ibrāhīm al-Masʿūdī related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of his grandfather, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Tamīm ibn Salama, on the authority of ʿUrwa ibn al-Zubayr, who said: ʿĀʾisha said: Blessed is He whose hearing encompasses all things. Indeed, I heard the words of Khawla ibnat Thaʿlaba, and a part of them remained hidden from me, while she was complaining about her husband to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and she said: O Messenger of Allah, he has consumed my youth and I have emptied my belly for him [borne children], until, when my age had advanced and I no longer bore children, he pronounced the ẓihār against me. O Allah, I complain of it to You. He said: She did not leave her place until Jibrīl, peace be upon him, descended with these verses: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ). He said: Her husband was Aws ibn al-Ṣāmit.

   Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Tamīm ibn Salama, on the authority of ʿUrwa, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha, who said: Praise be to Allah, whose hearing encompasses the voices. Indeed, Khawla complained about her husband to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and sometimes a part of what she said remained hidden from me. She said: Then Allah, mighty and exalted is He, revealed: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ ).

   Al-Rabīʿ ibn Sulaymān related to us, saying: Asad ibn Mūsā related to us, saying: Ḥammād ibn Salama related to us, on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwa, on the authority of his father, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha, that Jamīla was the wife of Aws ibn al-Ṣāmit. He was a man with fits of madness (lamam), and when his affliction severely overcame him, he would pronounce the ẓihār against his wife. Then Allah, mighty and exalted is He, revealed the verse concerning the ẓihār.

   Yaḥyā ibn Bishr al-Qarqasānī related to me, saying: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Umawī related to us, saying: Khaṣīf related to us, on the authority of Mujāhid, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The ẓihār of the time of ignorance (jāhiliyya) was a divorce. The first to pronounce the ẓihār in Islam was Aws ibn al-Ṣāmit, the brother of ʿUbāda ibn al-Ṣāmit, against his wife of the Khazraj, and she was Khawla bint Thaʿlaba ibn Mālik. When he pronounced the ẓihār against her, she supposed that this would be a divorce, and she brought it to the Prophet of Allah ﷺ and said: O Messenger of Allah, Aws has pronounced the ẓihār against me, and if we are separated, we are ruined; I have emptied my belly for him [borne children] and kept him company for a long time. Thus she complained about it and wept, and concerning that nothing [of revelation] had yet come. Then Allah, mighty and exalted is He, revealed: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) .... up to His saying: وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ("and for the unbelievers there is a painful chastisement"). The Messenger of Allah ﷺ called him and said: Are you able for a slave whom you may free? He said: No, by Allah, O Messenger of Allah, I am not able for that. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ brought together for him [what was needed], until on his behalf he freed [a slave], and afterward he returned to his wife.

   And it was mentioned that in the reading of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd it reads: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُحَاوِرُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) ("Allah has indeed heard the word of her who holds converse with you concerning her husband").

   His saying: ( وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ ) ("and who pours out her complaint to Allah") means: and the disputing woman pours out to Allah the grief that has seized her because of her husband's ẓihār against her, and she asks Him for relief. ( وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا ) ("and Allah hears the conversation of you both") means: the conversation of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the disputing woman, Khawla ibnat Thaʿlaba. ( إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ ) ("verily, Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing"): the Exalted, whose renown is mentioned, says: verily, Allah is Hearing of what they answer one another back and forth and discuss with one another, and all the rest of the words of His creatures, Seeing of what all His servants know and do.

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   القول في تأويل قوله جل ثناؤه وتقدست أسماؤه قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ (1) يقول تعالى ذكره لنبيه محمد صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ ) يا محمد، ( قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا )، والتي كانت تجادل رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم في زوجها امراة من الأنصار. واختلف أهل العلم في نسبها واسمها، فقال بعضهم: خولة بنت ثعلبة، وقال بعضهم: اسمها خُوَيلة بنت ثعلبة. وقال آخرون: هي خويلة بنت خويلد .وقال آخرون: هي خويلة بنت الصامت. وقال آخرون: هي خويلة ابنة الدليج وكانت مجادلتها رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم في زوجها، وزوجها أوس بن الصامت، مراجعتها إياه في أمره، وما كان من قوله لها: أنت عليّ كظهر أمي، ومحاورتها إياه في ذلك، وبذلك قال أهل التأويل، وتظاهرت به الرواية. * ذكر من قال ذلك، والآثار الواردة به: حدثنا ابن المثنى، قال: ثنا عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا داود، قال: سمعت أبا العالية يقول: " إن خويلة ابنة الدليج أتت النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم وعائشة تغسل شقّ رأسه، فقالت: يا رسول الله، طالت صحبتي مع زوجي، ونفضت &; 23-220 &; له بطني، وظاهر مني؛ فقال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: حَرُمْتِ عَلَيْهِ، فقالت: أشكو إلى الله فاقتي، ثم قالت: يا رسول الله طالت صحبتي، ونفضت له بطني، فقال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: حَرُمْتِ عَلَيْهِ، فجعل إذا قال لها: حرمت عليه، هتفت وقالت: أشكو إلى الله فاقتي، قال: فنـزل الوحي، وقد قامت عائشة تغسل شقّ رأسه الآخر، فأومأت إليها عائشة أن اسكتي، قالت: وكان رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم إذا نـزل عليه الوحي أخذه مثل السبات، فلما قضى الوحي، قال: ادْعي زَوْجَكِ، فَتَلاها عَلَيْهِ رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا ) ... إلى قوله: وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا : أي يرجع فيه فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا : أَتَسْتَطِيْعُ رَقَبَةً؟ قال: لا قال: فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ قال: يا رسول الله، إني إذا لم آكل في اليوم ثلاث مرّات خشيت أن يعشو بصري؛ قال: فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا قال: أتَسْتَطيعُ أنْ تُطْعِمَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينا؟ قال: لا يا رسول الله إلا أن تعينني، فأعانه رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فأطعم. حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قال: ذُكر لنا أن خويلة ابنة ثعلبة، وكان زوجها أوس بن الصامت قد ظاهر منها، فجاءت تشتكي إلى رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فقالت: ظاهر مني زوجي حين كبر سني، ورقّ عظمي، فأنـزل الله فيها ما تسمعون ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ )، فقرأ حتى بلغ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ * وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا يريد أن يغشى بعد قوله ذلك، فدعاه رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فقال له: أتَسْتَطِيعُ أنْ تُحَرَّرَ مُحَرَّرًا؟ قال: مالي بذلك يدان، أو قال: لا أجد، قال: أتَسْتَطِيعُ أنْ تَصُومَ شَهْرَيْن مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ؟ قال: لا والله; إنه إذا أخطأه المأكل كل يوم مرارا يكلّ بصره، قال: أتَسْتَطِيعُ أنْ تُطْعِمَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينا؟ قال: لا والله، إلا أن تعينني منك بعون وصلاة. &; 23-221 &; قال بشر، قال يزيد: يعني دعاء؛ فأعانه رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم بخمسة عشر صاعا، فجمع الله له، والله غفور رحيم. حدثنا ابن بشار، قال: ثنا عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة في قوله: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا ) قال: ذاك أوس بن الصامت ظاهر من امرأته خويلة ابنة ثعلبة قالت: يا رسول كبر سني، ورقّ عظمي، وظاهر مني زوجي، قال: فأنـزل الله وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ ... إلى قوله: ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا ، يريد أن يغشى بعد قوله: فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا فدعاه إليه نبيّ الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فقال: هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أنْ تُعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً؟ قال: لا؛ قال: أفَتَسْتَطيعُ أنْ تَصُومَ شَهْرَيْن مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ؟ قال: إنه إذا أخطأه أن يأكل كلّ يوم ثلاث مرّات يكلّ بصره؛ قال: أتَسْتَطيعُ أنْ تُطْعِمَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينا؟ قال: لا إلا أن يعينني فيه رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم بعون وصلاة، فأعانه رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم بخمسة عشر صاعا، وجمع الله له أمره، والله غفور رحيم. حدثنا أبو كُرَيب، قال: ثنا عبيد الله بن موسى، عن أبي حمزة، عن عكرِمة، عن ابن عباس، قال: كان الرجل إذا قال لامرأته في الجاهلية: أنت عليّ كظهر أمي حَرُمت في الإسلام، فكان أوّل من ظاهر في الإسلام أوس بن الصامت، وكانت تحته ابنة عمّ له، يقال لها خُوَيلة بنت خُوَيلد، وظاهر منها، فأُسْقِطَ في يديه، وقال: ما أراك إلا قد حَرُمْتِ عليّ، وقالت له مثل ذلك، قال: فانطلقي إلى رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، قال: فأتت رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم فوجدتْ عنده ماشطة تمشُط رأسه، فأخبرته، فقال: يا خُوَيْلَةُ ما أمِرْنا فِي أمْرِكِ بِشَيْءٍ، فأنـزل الله على رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم فقال: يا خُوَيْلَةُ أبْشِرِي، قالت: خيرا، قال: فقرأ عليها رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ ) .... &; 23-222 &; إلى قوله: فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا قالت: وأيُّ رقبة لنا، والله ما يجد رقبة غيري، قال: فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ ، قالت: والله لولا أنه يشرب في اليوم ثلاث مرّات لذهب بصره، قال: فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا ، قالت: من أين؟ ما هي إلا أكلة إلى مثلها، قال: فرعاه بشطر وَسْق ثلاثين صاعا، والوَسْق ستون صاعا، فقال: لِيُطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينا وَلِيُرَاجِعْكِ". حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس، قوله: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ ) ... إلى قوله: فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا ، وذلك أن خولة بنت الصامت امرأة من الأنصار ظاهر منها زوجها، فقال: أنت عليّ مثلُ ظهر أمي، فأتت رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم فقالت: إن زوجي كان تزوّجني، وأنا أحَبّ (1) ، حتى إذا كبرتُ ودخلت في السنّ، قال: أنت عليّ مثل ظهر أمي، فتركني إلى غير أحد، فإن كنت تجد لي رُخصة يا رسول الله تنْعَشني وإياه بها فحدثني بها، فقال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: ما أُمِرْتُ فِي شأْنِكِ بِشَيْءٍ حتى الآنَ، وَلَكِنْ ارْجِعي إلى بَيْتِكِ، فإنْ أُومَرْ بِشَيْءٍ لا أغْمِمْهُ عَلَيْكِ إنْ شَاءَ اللهُ، فرجعت إلى بيتها، وأنـزل الله على رسوله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم في الكتاب رخصتها ورخصة زوجها( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) ... إلى قوله: وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ، فأرسل رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم إلى زوجها؛ فلما أتاه، قال له رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: ما أرَدْتَ إلى يَمِينِكَ الَّتِي أقْسَمْتَ عَلَيْها؟ فقال: وهل لها كفَّارة؟ فقال له رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أنْ تُعْتِقَ رَقَبَهً؟ " قال: إذًا يذهب مالي كله، الرقبة غالية وأنا قليل المال، فقال له رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: فَهَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أنْ تَصُومَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَينِ؟ قال: لا والله، لولا أني آكل في اليوم &; 23-223 &; ثلاث مرّات لكلّ بصري، فقال له رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أنْ تُطْعِمَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينا؟ " قال: لا والله، إلا أن تعينني على ذلك بعون وصلاة، فقال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: إنّي مُعِينُكَ بِخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعا، وأنا دَاعٍ لَكَ بالبَرَكَةِ، فأصلح ذلك بينهما. قال: وجعل فيه تحرير رقبة لمن كان مُوسرا، لا يكفر عنه إلا تحرير رقبة إذا كان موسرا، من قبل أن يتماسا، فإن لم يكن موسرا فصيام شهرين متتابعين، لا يصلح له إلا الصوم إذا كان معسرا، إلا أن لا يستطيع، فإن لم يستطع فإطعام ستين مسكينا، وذلك كله قبل الجماع. حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن أبي معشر المدني، عن محمد بن كعب القرظي، قال: كانت " خولة ابنة ثعلبة تحت أوس بن الصامت، وكان رجلا به لمم، فقال في بعض هجراته (2) أنت عليّ كظهر أمي، ثم ندم على ما قال، فقال لها: ما أظنك إلا قد حرمت عليّ، قالت: لا تقل ذلك، فوالله ما أحبّ الله طلاقا. قالت: ائت رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم فسله، فقال: إني أجدني أستحي منه أن أسأله عن هذا، فقالت: فدعني أن أسأله، فقال لها: سليه؛ فجاءت إلى رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فقالت: يا نبيّ الله إن أوس بن الصامت أبو ولدي، وأحبّ الناس إليّ، قد قال كلمة، والذي أنـزل عليك الكتاب ما ذكر طلاقا، قال: أنت عليّ كظهر أمي، فقال النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: ما أرَاكِ إلا قَدْ حَرُمْتِ عَلَيْهِ، قالت: لا تقل ذلك يا نبيّ الله، والله ما ذكر طلاقا، فرادّت النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم مرارا، ثم قالت: اللهمّ إني أشكو اليوم شدّة حالي ووحدتي، وما يشقّ عليّ من فراقه، اللهمّ فأنـزل على لسان نبيك، فلم ترم (3) مكانها، حتى أنـزل الله ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ )، إلى أن ذكر الكفارات، فدعاه النبيّ &; 23-224 &; صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم فقال: أعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً، فقال: لا أجد، فقال: صُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَينِ قال: لا أستطيع، إني لأصوم اليوم الواحد فيشقّ عليّ؛ قال: أطعمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينا، قال: أما هذا فَنَعَمْ". حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر عن أبي إسحاق ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) قال: نـزلت في امرأة اسمها خولة، وقال عكرِمة: اسمها خويلة ابنة ثعلبة، وزوجها أوس بن الصامت جاءت النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فقالت: إن زوجها جعلها عليه كظهر أمه، فقال النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم " ما أرَاكِ إلا قَدْ حَرُمْتِ عَلَيْهِ ، وهو حينئذ يغسل رأسه، فقالت: انظر جُعلت فداك يا نبيّ الله، فقال: ما أرَاكِ إلا قَدْ حَرُمْتِ عَلَيْهِ ، فقالت: انظر في شأني يا رسول الله، فجعلت تجادله، ثم حوّل رأسه ليغسله، فتحوّلت من الجانب الآخر، فقالت: انظر جعلني الله فداك يا نبيّ الله، فقالت الغاسلة: أقصري حديثك ومخاطبتك يا خويلة، أما ترين وجه رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم متربدا ليوحى إليه، فأنـزل الله ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) ...، حتى بلغ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا ، قال قتادة: فحرمها، ثم يريد أن يعود لها فيطأها، فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ ...، حتى بلغ: بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ . قال أيوب: أحسبه ذكره عن عكرِمة، أن الرجل قال: يا نبيّ الله ما أجد رقبة، فقال النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: " ما أنا بِزَائِدِكَ، فأنـزل الله عليه: فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا ، فقال: والله يا نبيّ الله ما أطيق الصوم، إني إذا لم آكل في اليوم كذا وكذا أكلة لقيت ولقيت، فجعل يشكو إليه، فقال: ما أنا بِزَائِدِكَ، فنـزلت: فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا . حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى، قال: ثنا ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، في قوله الله عزّ وجلّ( الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) قال: تجادل محمدا صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فهي تشتكي إلى الله عند كبره وكبرها، حتى انتفض وانتفض رحمها. &; 23-225 &; حدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء، عن ابن أَبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، في قول الله: ( الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) قال: محمدا في زوجها قد ظاهر منها، وهي تشتكي إلى الله، ثم ذكر سائر الحديث نحوه. حدثني عبد الوارث بن عبد الصمد، قال: ثنا أبي، قال: ثنا أبان العطار، قال: ثنا هشام بن عروة، عن عروة، أنه كتب إلى عبد الملك بن مروان: كتبت إليّ تسألني عن خويلة ابنة أوس بن الصامت، وإنها ليست بابنة أوس بن الصامت، ولكنها امرأة أوس، وكان أوس امرأ به لمم، وكان إذا اشتدّ به لممه تظاهر منها، وإذا ذهب عنه لممه لم يقل من ذلك شيئا، فجاءت رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم تستفتيه وتشتكي إلى الله، فأنـزل الله ما سمعت، وذلك شأنهما. حدثنا ابن بشار، قال: ثنا وهب بن جرير، قال: ثنا أبي، قال: سمعت محمد بن إسحاق، يحدّث عن معمر بن عبد الله، عن يوسف بن عبد الله بن سلام، قال: حدثتني خويلة امرأة أوس بن الصامت قالت: كان بيني وبينه شيء، تعنى زوجها، فقال: أنت عليّ كظهر أمي، ثم خرج إلى نادي قومه، ثم رجع فراودني عن نفسي، فقالت: كلا والذي نفسي بيده، حتى ينتهي أمري وأمرك إلى رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فيقضي فيّ وفيك أمره، وكان شيخا كبيرا رقيقا، فغلبته بما تغلب به المرأة القوية الرجل الضعيف، ثم خرجت إلى جارة لها، فاستعارت ثيابها، فأتت رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم حتى جلست بين يديه، فذكرت له أمره، فما برحت حتى أنـزل الوحي على رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، ثم قالت: لا يقدر على ذلك، قال: إنا سنعينه على ذلك بفرق من تمر، قلت: وأنا أعينه بفرق آخر، فأطعم ستين مسكينا. حدثني أبو السائب، قال: ثنا أبو معاوية، عن الأعمش، عن تميم، عن عروة، عن عائشة قالت: الحمد لله الذي وسع سمعه الأصوات، لقد جاءت المجادلة إلى رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، وأنا في ناحية البيت تشكو زوجها، &; 23-226 &; ما أسمع ما تقول، فأنـزل الله عزّ وجلّ: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ ) ... إلى آخر الآية. حدثني عيسى بن عثمان الرملي، قال: ثنا يحيى بن عيسى، عن الأعمش، عن تميم بن سلمة، عن عروة، عن عائشة، قالت: تبارك الذي وسع سمعه الأصوات كلها، إن المرأة لتناجي النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم أسمع بعض كلامها، ويخفى عليّ بعض كلامها، إذ أنـزل الله ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) . حدثني يحيى بن إبراهيم المسعودي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن جده، عن الأعمش، عن تميم بن سلمة، عن عروة بن الزبير، قال، قالت عائشة: تبارك الذي وسع سمعه كلّ شيء، إني لأسمع كلام خولة ابنة ثعلبة، ويخفى عليّ بعضه، وهي تشتكي زوجها إلى رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، وهي تقول: يا رسول الله أكل شبابي، ونثرت له بطني، حتى إذا كبر سني، وانقطع ولدي، ظاهر مني، اللهمّ إني أشكو إليك، قال: فما برحت حتى نـزل جبريل عليه السلام بهؤلاء الآيات: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) قال: زوجها أوس بن الصامت. حدثنا ابن وكيع، قال: ثنا جرير، عن الأعمش، عن تميم بن سلمة، عن عروة، عن عائشة، قالت: الحمد الله الذي وسع سمعه الأصوات، إن خولة تشتكي زوجها إلى رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فيخفى عليّ أحيانا بعض ما تقول، قالت: فأنـزل الله عزّ وجلّ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ ) . حدثنا الربيع بن سليمان، قال: ثنا أسد بن موسى، قال: ثنا حماد بن سلمة، عن هشام بن عروة، عن أبيه، عن عائشة، أن جميلة كانت امرأة أوس بن الصامت، وكان امرأ به لمم، وكان إذا اشتدّ به لممه ظاهر من امرأته، فأنـزل الله عزّ وجلّ آية الظهار. &; 23-227 &; حدثني يحيى بن بشر القرقساني، قال: ثنا عبد العزيز بن عبد الرحمن الأموي، قال: ثنا خَصيف، عن مجاهد، عن ابن عباس، قال: كان ظهار الجاهلية طلاقا، فأول من ظاهر في الإسلام أوس بن الصامت، أخو عبادة بن الصامت من امرأته الخزرجية، وهي خولة بنت ثعلبة بن مالك؛ فلما ظاهر منها حسبت أن يكون ذلك طلاقا، فأتت به نبيّ الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، فقالت: يا رسول الله إن أوسا ظاهر مني، وإنا إن افترقنا هلكنا، وقد نثرت بطني منه، وقدمت صحبته; فهي تشكو ذلك وتبكي، ولم يكن جاء في ذلك شيء، فأنـزل الله عزّ وجلّ: ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) .... إلى قوله: وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ، فدعاه رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم فقال: أتَقْدِرْ عَلى رَقَبَةٍ تُعْتُقها؟ فقال: لا والله يا رسول الله، ما أقدر عليها، فجمع له رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم حتى أعتق عنه، ثم راجع أهله. وذُكر أن ذلك في قراءة عبد الله بن مسعود ( قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُحَاوِرُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا ) . وقوله: ( وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ ) يقول: وتشتكي المجادلة ما لديها من الهمّ بظهار زوجها منها إلى الله، وتسأله الفرج.( وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا ) يعني: تحاور رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم، والمجادلة خولة ابنة ثعلبة.( إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: إن الله سميع لما يتجاوبانه ويتحاورانه، وغير ذلك من كلام خلقه، بصير بما يعلمون ويعمل جميع عباده.