Tafseer of The Beneficent · Ar-Rahmaan · 55:76
Reclining on green cushions and beautiful fine carpets.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The statement concerning the interpretation of His word, the Exalted: مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَى رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ وَعَبْقَرِيٍّ حِسَانٍ (76) ("Reclining upon green cushions (rafraf) and upon beautiful carpets (ʿabqarī)").
The Exalted, whose mention is exalted, says: These, upon whom He, whose praise is exalted, bestows this honor which He has described in these verses, take their delight in the two gardens which He has described مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَى رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ وَعَبْقَرِيٍّ حِسَانٍ ("reclining upon green cushions and beautiful carpets").
The exegetes differed concerning the meaning of rafraf. Some said: they are the meadows of Paradise; the singular of it is rafrafa.
* Mention of who said that:
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of Abū Bishr, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, that he said concerning this verse مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَى رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ : The meadows of Paradise.
ʿAbbās ibn Muḥammad related to us, saying: Abū Nūḥ related to us, saying: Shuʿba informed us, on the authority of Abū Bishr, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, the same.
Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Saʿīd ibn Jubayr related to us, concerning His word: مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَى رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ , he said: The rafraf are the meadows of Paradise.
Others said: they are the borders/edges (maḥābis).
* Mention of who said that:
ʿAlī related to me, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَى رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ , he says: the borders (maḥābis).
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَى رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ : he said: the rafraf are the ends of the borders and the carpets.
Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, on the authority of Abū Rajāʾ, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, concerning His word: مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَى رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ , he said: they are the carpets; the people of Medina say: they are the carpets.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Salama ibn Kuhayl al-Ḥaḍramī, on the authority of a man called Ghazwān, concerning رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ , he said: the ends of the borders.
He said: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Hārūn, on the authority of ʿAntara, on the authority of his father, he said: the ends of the mattresses and the borders.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Marwān, concerning His word: رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ , he said: the ends of the borders.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَى رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ , he said: the green rafraf: the borders.
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ , he said: green borders.
It was related to me, on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, he said: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd informed us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His word: رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ , he said: they are the borders.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word: مُتَّكِئِينَ عَلَى رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ , he said: the rafraf: the borders.
Others said: they are rather the cushions (marāfiq).
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, he said: al-Ḥasan said: the rafraf: green cushions. As for the ʿabqarī, these are the thick carpets; it is a collective noun whose singular is ʿabqariyya. And it has been mentioned that the Arabs call every kind of carpet ʿabqarī.
And in accordance with what we have said concerning this, the exegetes have spoken.
* Mention of who said that:
ʿAlī related to me, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: وَعَبْقَرِيٍّ حِسَانٍ , he said: the fine rugs (zarābī).
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning وَعَبْقَرِيٍّ حِسَانٍ , he said: the ʿabqarī: the fine rugs (zarābī).
Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Hushaym related to us, on the authority of Abū Bishr, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, concerning His word: وَعَبْقَرِيٍّ حِسَانٍ , he said: the ʿabqarī: the choice rugs.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, he said: the ʿabqarī: the rugs (zarābī).
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Marwān related to us, saying: Abū al-ʿAwwām related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning وَعَبْقَرِيٍّ حِسَانٍ , he said: the rugs (zarābī).
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning وَعَبْقَرِيٍّ حِسَانٍ , he said: rugs (zarābī).
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word: وَعَبْقَرِيٍّ حِسَانٍ , he said: the ʿabqarī: the carpets (ṭanāfis).
Others said: the ʿabqarī: the brocade (dībāj).
* Mention of who said that:
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning وَعَبْقَرِيٍّ حِسَانٍ , he said: it is the brocade (dībāj).
The Qurʾān reciters in all regions read this as عَلَى رَفْرَفٍ خُضْرٍ وَعَبْقَرِيٍّ حِسَانٍ without an alif in both words. There has been related from the Prophet ﷺ a report which is neither preserved nor sound in isnād: ( على رفَارِفَ خُضْرٍ وعَباقِرِيّ ) with the alif and with declension (ijrāʾ). And it has been related from Zuhayr al-Furqubī that he used to read ( على رَفارِفَ خُضْرٍ ) with the alif and without declension, and ( وَعَبَاقِرِيّ حِسانٍ ) likewise with the alif and without declension. As for the form rafārif in this reading, it may be a correct form. But as for ʿabāqirī, there is no correct basis for it among the philologists, because after the alif of the plural (alif al-jamʿ) four letters may not follow, nor three sound (consonants). And as for the first reading which has been related from the Prophet ﷺ: if it were sound, it would be necessary that the two words be left undeclined (ghayr mujrātayn).