Tafseer of The letter Qaaf · Qaaf · 50:17
When the two receivers receive, seated on the right and on the left.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Explanation of the words of the Exalted: إِذْ يَتَلَقَّى الْمُتَلَقِّيَانِ عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ قَعِيدٌ ("When the two receivers receive, seated on the right hand and on the left hand") (50:17).
The Exalted, whose praise is exalted, says: and We are closer to man than the jugular vein of his throat, when the two angels receive — and they are the two receivers — عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ قَعِيدٌ ("seated on the right hand and on the left hand"). It has been said: by "the seated one" (al-qaʿīd) is meant the watcher, who lies in wait.
* Mention of who said that:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both of them — on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His words قَعِيدٌ ("seated"), he said: a watcher.
The linguists differed concerning the reason why qaʿīd is put in the singular, when "the two receivers" (mutalaqqiyān) had been mentioned beforehand. Some grammarians of Basra said: it is said عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ قَعِيدٌ ("seated on the right hand and on the left hand"), and it is not said: "seated on the right hand and seated on the left hand," that is to say: one of the two, and so the one was made to suffice, just as He said: نُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ("We bring you forth as a child") and then He made the singular suffice in place of the plural, just as He said: فَإِنْ طِبْنَ لَكُمْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ نَفْسًا ("and if they of their own accord allow you something of it" — literally: "a soul"). And some grammarians of Kufa said: قَعِيدٌ ("seated") means: seated ones on the right hand and on the left hand; thus the form faʿīl was used as a plural, just as "the messenger" (al-rasūl) is used for a group and for two persons. Allah, mighty and exalted is He, said: إِنَّا رَسُولُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ ("We are the messenger of the Lord of the worlds") to Mūsā and his brother. And the poet said:
"Be my messenger to her — and the best of the messengers
is he among them who knows most of the directions of the message."
Thus he used "the messenger" for the plural. This, then, is one view. And if you wish, you may take qaʿīd as a singular, with which one is made to suffice in place of its companion, just as the poet said:
"We are content with what we have, and you with what
you have — and opinion differs."
And to this belongs the saying of al-Farazdaq:
"I have stood surety, for whoever comes to me, for what he has done wrong,
and my father was — and I was — not treacherous."
And he did not say: "two treacherous ones" (ghadūrayn).