Tabari

Tafseer of The Table · Al-Maaida · 5:19

يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ قَدْ جَآءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ عَلَىٰ فَتْرَةٍۢ مِّنَ ٱلرُّسُلِ أَن تَقُولُوا۟ مَا جَآءَنَا مِنۢ بَشِيرٍۢ وَلَا نَذِيرٍۢ ۖ فَقَدْ جَآءَكُم بَشِيرٌۭ وَنَذِيرٌۭ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ قَدِيرٌۭ

O People of the Scripture, there has come to you Our Messenger to make clear to you [the religion] after a period [of suspension] of messengers, lest you say, "There came not to us any bringer of good tidings or a warner." But there has come to you a bringer of good tidings and a warner. And Allah is over all things competent.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    The explanation of the saying of the Exalted, whose mention is mighty: يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ عَلَى فَتْرَةٍ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا مِنْ بَشِيرٍ وَلا نَذِيرٍ (O People of the Book, truly Our Messenger has come to you to make things clear to you after an interval in the succession of messengers, so that you may not say: "No bringer of glad tidings nor warner has come to us.")

    Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose praise is exalted, means by His word "O People of the Book" the Jews who were in the midst of the place to which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had emigrated on the day this verse was revealed. This was because they — or some of them, according to what has been transmitted — when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called them to belief in him and in what he had brought them from Allah, said: "Allah has sent no prophet after Mūsā, and has sent down no book after the Torah!"

    11616 - Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Yūnus ibn Bukayr related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq, saying: Muḥammad ibn Abī Muḥammad, the freedman of Zayd ibn Thābit, related to me, saying: Saʿīd ibn Jubayr or ʿIkrima related to me, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: Muʿādh ibn Jabal, Saʿd ibn ʿUbāda, and ʿUqba ibn Wahb said to the Jews: "O community of the Jews, fear Allah, for by Allah, you truly know that he is the Messenger of Allah! You used to mention him to us before his sending, and you used to describe him to us by his characteristics!" Then Rāfiʿ ibn Ḥuraymila and Wahb ibn Yahūdā said: "We did not say this to you, and Allah has sent down no book after Mūsā, nor sent after him any bringer of glad tidings or any warner!" Then Allah, Mighty and Exalted, revealed concerning [that] saying of the two of them: يا أهل الكتاب قد جاءكم رسولنا يبين لكم على فترة من الرسل أن تقولوا ما جاءنا من بشير ولا نذير فقد جاءكم بشيرٌ ونذيرٌ والله على كل شيء قدير (O People of the Book, truly Our Messenger has come to you to make things clear to you after an interval in the succession of messengers, so that you may not say: "No bringer of glad tidings nor warner has come to us." Truly, a bringer of glad tidings and a warner has come to you, and Allah is powerful over all things.)

    * * *

    By His word, whose praise is exalted, "truly Our Messenger has come to you," He means: truly Muḥammad ﷺ, Our Messenger, has come to you — "to make things clear to you," that is: he makes the truth known to you, and clarifies for you the signs of guidance, and points you to the religion of Allah with which He is pleased, as in:

    11617 - Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: "truly Our Messenger has come to you to make things clear to you after an interval in the succession of messengers" — that is Muḥammad ﷺ, he came with the Furqān by which Allah distinguished between truth and falsehood; in it is the clarification of Allah, His light and His guidance, and protection for whoever holds fast to it.

    * * *

    — "after an interval in the succession of messengers," that is: after an interruption in the coming of the messengers. And "al-fatra" means in this place: the interruption. He says: truly Our Messenger has come to you to make clear to you the truth and the guidance, after an interruption in the succession of messengers.

    * * *

    And "al-fatra" is the verbal noun of the speaker's expression: "fatara hādhā al-amr yaftur futūran" ("this matter slackened"), and that is when something settles down and calms. So too is "al-fatra" in this place; its meaning is: the standstill, by which is meant the standstill in the coming of the messengers, and that is their interruption.

    * * *

    Then the exegetes differed concerning the duration of that interruption, and the transmission concerning it from Qatāda differs. Maʿmar transmitted from him the following:

    11618 - Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: "after an interval in the succession of messengers" — he said: Between ʿĪsā and Muḥammad ﷺ there were five hundred and sixty years.

    * * *

    And Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿArūba transmitted from him the following:

    11619 - Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, who said: The interruption between ʿĪsā and Muḥammad ﷺ — it has been mentioned to us that it was six hundred years, or what Allah willed of that, and Allah knows best.

    11620 - Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Abū Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of his companions, concerning His word: "truly Our Messenger has come to you to make things clear to you after an interval in the succession of messengers" — he said: Between ʿĪsā and Muḥammad ﷺ there were five hundred and forty years. Maʿmar said: Qatāda said: five hundred and sixty years.

    * * *

    And others said the following:

    11621 - It was related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Faraj, saying: I heard Abū Muʿādh al-Faḍl ibn Khālid say: ʿUbayd ibn Sulaymān informed us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His word: "after an interval in the succession of messengers" — he said: The interruption between ʿĪsā and Muḥammad ﷺ was four hundred years and some odd and thirty years.

    And He means by His word "so that you may not say: 'No bringer of glad tidings nor warner has come to us'": so that you may not say, and in order that you not say, as the Exalted, whose praise is exalted, said: يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَضِلُّوا [Sūrat al-Nisāʾ: 176] (Allah makes it clear to you, so that you may not go astray), in the meaning of: so that you may not go astray, and in order that you not go astray.

    * * *

    The meaning of the saying is thus: truly Our Messenger has come to you to make things clear to you after an interval in the succession of messengers, in order that you not say: "No bringer of glad tidings nor warner has come to us." The Exalted, whose mention is mighty, informs them that He has cut off their excuse by means of His Messenger ﷺ, and has fully conveyed the proof against them.

    And He means by "the bringer of glad tidings" (al-bashīr): the one who brings glad tidings to whoever obeys Allah and believes in Him and in His Messenger and acts according to what He has given him from Allah, with the tremendous reward of Allah in his hereafter. And by "the warner" (al-nadhīr): the one who warns whoever disobeys Him and denies His Messenger ﷺ and acts according to something other than what He has given him from Allah of His command and His prohibition, with that which he can muster no resistance against, namely His painful punishment in his return and His severe torment on his day of resurrection.

    * * *

    The explanation of the saying of the Exalted, whose mention is mighty: فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَشِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (19) (Truly, a bringer of glad tidings and a warner has come to you, and Allah is powerful over all things.) (5:19)

    Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose praise is exalted, says to these Jews whose description we have given: We have made excuse impossible for you, and We have established the proof against you through Our Messenger Muḥammad ﷺ to you, and We have sent him to you so that he might make clear to you what had become obscure to you concerning the matter of your religion, in order that you not say: "No messenger has come to us from You to make clear to us in what error we are." Truly, a messenger has come to you from Me who brings glad tidings to whoever believes in Me and acts according to what I have commanded him and refrains from what I have forbidden him, and who warns whoever disobeys Me and opposes My command. And I am the Powerful over all things; I am able to punish whoever disobeys Me and to reward whoever obeys Me. So fear My punishment for your disobedience to Me and your denial of My Messenger, and seek My reward for your obedience to Me and your affirmation of My bringer of glad tidings and My warner. For I am the One whom nothing He wills can render incapable, and from whom nothing He seeks escapes.

    Show original Arabic
    القول في تأويل قوله عز ذكره : يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ عَلَى فَتْرَةٍ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا مِنْ بَشِيرٍ وَلا نَذِيرٍ قال أبو جعفر: يعني جل ثناؤه بقوله: " يا أهل الكتاب "، اليهودَ الذين كانوا بين ظهرانَيْ مُهاجَر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم نـزلت هذه الآية. وذلك أنهم= أو: بعضهم، فيما ذكر= لما دعاهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى الإيمان به وبما جاءهم به من عند الله، قالوا: ما بعثَ الله من نبيّ بعد موسى، ولا أنـزل بعد التوراة كتابًا! 11616 - حدثنا أبو كريب قال، حدثنا يونس بن بكير، عن محمد بن إسحاق قال، حدثني محمد بن أبي محمد مولى زيد بن ثابت قال، حدثني سعيد بن جبير أو عكرمة، عن ابن عباس قال: قال معاذ بن جبل وسعد بن عبادة وعقبة بن وهب لليهود: يا معشر اليهود، اتقوا الله، فوالله إنكم لتعلمون أنه رسول الله! لقد كنتم تذكرونه لنا قبل مَبعثه، وتصفونه لنا بصفته! فقال رافع بن حُرَيملة ووهب بن يهودا (17) ما قلنا هذا لكم، وما أنـزل الله من كتاب بعد موسى، ولا أرسل بشيرًا ولا نذيرًا بعده! (18) فأنـزل الله عز وجل في [ذلك من] قولهما (19) " يا أهل الكتاب قد جاءكم رسولنا يبين لكم على فترة من الرسل أن تقولوا ما جاءنا من بشير ولا نذير فقد جاءكم بشيرٌ ونذيرٌ والله على كل شيء قدير ". (20) * * * ويعني بقوله جل ثناؤه: " قد جاءكم رسولنا "، قد جاءكم محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم رسولنا=" يبين لكم "، يقول: يعرفكم الحقَّ، ويوضح لكم أعلام الهدى، ويرشدكم إلى دين الله المرتضى، (21) كما:- 11617 - حدثنا بشر قال، حدثنا يزيد قال، حدثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: " قد جاءكم رسولنا يبين لكم على فترة من الرسل "، وهو محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، جاء بالفرقان الذي فرَق الله به بين الحق والباطل، فيه بيان الله ونوره وهداه، وعصمةٌ لمن أخذ به. * * * =" على فترة من الرسل "، يقول: على انقطاع من الرسل= و " الفترة " في هذا الموضع الانقطاع= يقول: قد جاءكم رسولنا يبين لكم الحق والهدى، على انقطاع من الرسل. * * * و " الفترة "" الفعلة " من قول القائل: " فتر هذا الأمر يفتُر فُتورًا "، وذلك إذا هدأ وسكن. وكذلك " الفترة " في هذا الموضع، معناها: السكون، يراد به سكون مجيء الرسل، وذلك انقطاعها. * * * ثم اختلف أهل التأويل في قدر مدة تلك الفترة، فاختلف في الرواية في ذلك عن قتادة. فروى معمر عنه ما:- 11618 - حدثنا الحسن بن يحيى قال، أخبرنا عبد الرزاق قال، أخبرنا معمر، عن قتادة في قوله: " على فترة من الرسل " قال: كان بين عيسى ومحمَّدٍ صلى الله عليه وسلم خمسمائة وستون سنة. * * * وروى سعيد بن أبي عروبة عنه ما:- 11619 - حدثنا بشر قال، حدثنا يزيد قال، حدثنا سعيد، عن قتادة قال: كانت الفترة بين عيسى ومحمّدٍ صلى الله عليهما، ذكر لنا أنها كانت ستمائة سنة، أو ما شاء من ذلك، والله أعلم. (22) 11620 - حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثنا أبو سفيان، عن معمر، عن أصحابه قوله: " قد جاءكم رسولنا يبين لكم على فترة من الرسل "، قال: كان بين عيسى ومحمد صلى لله عليهما خمسمائة سنة وأربعون سنة= قال معمر، قال قتادة: خمسمائة سنة وستون سنة. * * * وقال آخرون بما:- 11621 - حدثت عن الحسين بن الفرج قال، سمعت أبا معاذ الفضل بن خالد قال، أخبرنا عبيد بن سليمان قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: " على فترة من الرسل "، قال: كانت الفترة بين عيسى ومحمد صلى الله عليهما، أربعمائة سنة وبضعًا وثلاثين سنة. ويعني بقوله: " أن تقولوا ما جاءنا من بشير ولا نذير " أن لا تقولوا، وكي لا تقولوا، كما قال جل ثناؤه: يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَضِلُّوا [سورة النساء: 176]، بمعنى: أن لا تضلوا، وكي لا تضلوا. * * * فمعنى الكلام: قد جاءكم رسولنا يبين لكم على فترة من الرسل، كي لا تقولوا ما جاءَنا من بشير ولا نذير. يعلمهم عز ذكره أنه قد قطَع عذرهم برسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأبلغ إليهم في الحجة. (23) ويعني بـ" البشير "، المبشر من أطاع الله وآمن به وبرسوله، وعمل بما آتاه من عند الله، بعظيم ثوابه في آخرته (24) = وبـ" النذير "، المنذر من عصاه وكذّب رسولَه صلى الله عليه وسلم وعمل بغير ما أتاه من عند الله من أمره ونهيه، بما لا قبل له به من أليم عقابه في معاده، وشديد عذابه في قِيامته. * * * القول في تأويل قوله عز ذكره : فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَشِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (19) قال أبو جعفر: يقول جل ثناؤه لهؤلاء اليهود الذين وصفنا صفتهم: قد أعذرنا إليكم، واحتججنا عليكم برسولنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم إليكم، وأرسلناه إليكم ليبيّن لكم ما أشكل عليكم من أمر دينكم، كيلا تقولوا: " لم يأتنا من عندك رسولٌ يبيِّن لنا ما نحن عليه من الضلالة "، فقد جاءكم من عندي رسول يبشر من آمن بي وعمل بما أمرته وانتهى عما نهيته عنه، وينذر من عصاني وخالف أمري، وأنا القادر على كل شيء، أقدر على عقاب من عصاني، وثواب من أطاعني، فاتقوا عقابي على معصيتكم إياي وتكذيبكم رسولي، واطلبوا ثوابي على طاعتكم إياي وتصديقكم بشيري ونذيري، فإني أنا الذي لا يعجزه شيء أرادَه، ولا يفوته شيء طلبه. (25) ------------------- الهوامش : (17) في المطبوعة: "رافع بن حرملة" ، وفي المخطوطة: "نافع بن حرملة" ، وأثبت ما في سيرة ابن هشام. (18) في المخطوطة: "ولا أرسل بشيرًا ونذيرًا" ، والصواب ما في المطبوعة كما في سيرة ابن هشام. (19) الزيادة بين القوسين من سيرة ابن هشام. (20) سيرة ابن هشام 2: 212 ، وهو تابع الأثر السالف رقم: 11613. (21) انظر تفسير"التبيين" فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ، مادة (بين). (22) كان في المطبوعة: "وما شاء الله" بالواو ، وفي المطبوعة والمخطوطة: "الله أعلم" بغير واو. والصواب ما أثبت. (23) انظر ما سلف 9: 445 ، 446. (24) وانظر تفسير"البشارة" فيما سلف 9: 318 ، تعليق: 2 ، والمراجع هناك. (25) انظر تفسير"قدير" فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة.