Tafseer of The Table · Al-Maaida · 5:19
O People of the Scripture, there has come to you Our Messenger to make clear to you [the religion] after a period [of suspension] of messengers, lest you say, "There came not to us any bringer of good tidings or a warner." But there has come to you a bringer of good tidings and a warner. And Allah is over all things competent.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of the saying of the Exalted, whose mention is mighty: يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ عَلَى فَتْرَةٍ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا مِنْ بَشِيرٍ وَلا نَذِيرٍ (O People of the Book, truly Our Messenger has come to you to make things clear to you after an interval in the succession of messengers, so that you may not say: "No bringer of glad tidings nor warner has come to us.")
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose praise is exalted, means by His word "O People of the Book" the Jews who were in the midst of the place to which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had emigrated on the day this verse was revealed. This was because they — or some of them, according to what has been transmitted — when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called them to belief in him and in what he had brought them from Allah, said: "Allah has sent no prophet after Mūsā, and has sent down no book after the Torah!"
11616 - Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Yūnus ibn Bukayr related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq, saying: Muḥammad ibn Abī Muḥammad, the freedman of Zayd ibn Thābit, related to me, saying: Saʿīd ibn Jubayr or ʿIkrima related to me, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: Muʿādh ibn Jabal, Saʿd ibn ʿUbāda, and ʿUqba ibn Wahb said to the Jews: "O community of the Jews, fear Allah, for by Allah, you truly know that he is the Messenger of Allah! You used to mention him to us before his sending, and you used to describe him to us by his characteristics!" Then Rāfiʿ ibn Ḥuraymila and Wahb ibn Yahūdā said: "We did not say this to you, and Allah has sent down no book after Mūsā, nor sent after him any bringer of glad tidings or any warner!" Then Allah, Mighty and Exalted, revealed concerning [that] saying of the two of them: يا أهل الكتاب قد جاءكم رسولنا يبين لكم على فترة من الرسل أن تقولوا ما جاءنا من بشير ولا نذير فقد جاءكم بشيرٌ ونذيرٌ والله على كل شيء قدير (O People of the Book, truly Our Messenger has come to you to make things clear to you after an interval in the succession of messengers, so that you may not say: "No bringer of glad tidings nor warner has come to us." Truly, a bringer of glad tidings and a warner has come to you, and Allah is powerful over all things.)
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By His word, whose praise is exalted, "truly Our Messenger has come to you," He means: truly Muḥammad ﷺ, Our Messenger, has come to you — "to make things clear to you," that is: he makes the truth known to you, and clarifies for you the signs of guidance, and points you to the religion of Allah with which He is pleased, as in:
11617 - Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: "truly Our Messenger has come to you to make things clear to you after an interval in the succession of messengers" — that is Muḥammad ﷺ, he came with the Furqān by which Allah distinguished between truth and falsehood; in it is the clarification of Allah, His light and His guidance, and protection for whoever holds fast to it.
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— "after an interval in the succession of messengers," that is: after an interruption in the coming of the messengers. And "al-fatra" means in this place: the interruption. He says: truly Our Messenger has come to you to make clear to you the truth and the guidance, after an interruption in the succession of messengers.
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And "al-fatra" is the verbal noun of the speaker's expression: "fatara hādhā al-amr yaftur futūran" ("this matter slackened"), and that is when something settles down and calms. So too is "al-fatra" in this place; its meaning is: the standstill, by which is meant the standstill in the coming of the messengers, and that is their interruption.
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Then the exegetes differed concerning the duration of that interruption, and the transmission concerning it from Qatāda differs. Maʿmar transmitted from him the following:
11618 - Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: "after an interval in the succession of messengers" — he said: Between ʿĪsā and Muḥammad ﷺ there were five hundred and sixty years.
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And Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿArūba transmitted from him the following:
11619 - Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, who said: The interruption between ʿĪsā and Muḥammad ﷺ — it has been mentioned to us that it was six hundred years, or what Allah willed of that, and Allah knows best.
11620 - Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Abū Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of his companions, concerning His word: "truly Our Messenger has come to you to make things clear to you after an interval in the succession of messengers" — he said: Between ʿĪsā and Muḥammad ﷺ there were five hundred and forty years. Maʿmar said: Qatāda said: five hundred and sixty years.
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And others said the following:
11621 - It was related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Faraj, saying: I heard Abū Muʿādh al-Faḍl ibn Khālid say: ʿUbayd ibn Sulaymān informed us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His word: "after an interval in the succession of messengers" — he said: The interruption between ʿĪsā and Muḥammad ﷺ was four hundred years and some odd and thirty years.
And He means by His word "so that you may not say: 'No bringer of glad tidings nor warner has come to us'": so that you may not say, and in order that you not say, as the Exalted, whose praise is exalted, said: يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَضِلُّوا [Sūrat al-Nisāʾ: 176] (Allah makes it clear to you, so that you may not go astray), in the meaning of: so that you may not go astray, and in order that you not go astray.
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The meaning of the saying is thus: truly Our Messenger has come to you to make things clear to you after an interval in the succession of messengers, in order that you not say: "No bringer of glad tidings nor warner has come to us." The Exalted, whose mention is mighty, informs them that He has cut off their excuse by means of His Messenger ﷺ, and has fully conveyed the proof against them.
And He means by "the bringer of glad tidings" (al-bashīr): the one who brings glad tidings to whoever obeys Allah and believes in Him and in His Messenger and acts according to what He has given him from Allah, with the tremendous reward of Allah in his hereafter. And by "the warner" (al-nadhīr): the one who warns whoever disobeys Him and denies His Messenger ﷺ and acts according to something other than what He has given him from Allah of His command and His prohibition, with that which he can muster no resistance against, namely His painful punishment in his return and His severe torment on his day of resurrection.
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The explanation of the saying of the Exalted, whose mention is mighty: فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَشِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (19) (Truly, a bringer of glad tidings and a warner has come to you, and Allah is powerful over all things.) (5:19)
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose praise is exalted, says to these Jews whose description we have given: We have made excuse impossible for you, and We have established the proof against you through Our Messenger Muḥammad ﷺ to you, and We have sent him to you so that he might make clear to you what had become obscure to you concerning the matter of your religion, in order that you not say: "No messenger has come to us from You to make clear to us in what error we are." Truly, a messenger has come to you from Me who brings glad tidings to whoever believes in Me and acts according to what I have commanded him and refrains from what I have forbidden him, and who warns whoever disobeys Me and opposes My command. And I am the Powerful over all things; I am able to punish whoever disobeys Me and to reward whoever obeys Me. So fear My punishment for your disobedience to Me and your denial of My Messenger, and seek My reward for your obedience to Me and your affirmation of My bringer of glad tidings and My warner. For I am the One whom nothing He wills can render incapable, and from whom nothing He seeks escapes.