Tafseer of The Table · Al-Maaida · 5:116
And [beware the Day] when Allah will say, "O Jesus, Son of Mary, did you say to the people, 'Take me and my mother as deities besides Allah?'" He will say, "Exalted are You! It was not for me to say that to which I have no right. If I had said it, You would have known it. You know what is within myself, and I do not know what is within Yourself. Indeed, it is You who is Knower of the unseen.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The discourse on the explanation of His saying: وَإِذْ قَالَ اللَّهُ يَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ أَأَنْتَ قُلْتَ لِلنَّاسِ اتَّخِذُونِي وَأُمِّيَ إِلَهَيْنِ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ قَالَ سُبْحَانَكَ مَا يَكُونُ لِي أَنْ أَقُولَ مَا لَيْسَ لِي بِحَقٍّ إِنْ كُنْتُ قُلْتُهُ فَقَدْ عَلِمْتَهُ ("And when Allah said: O ʿĪsā, son of Maryam, did you say to mankind: Take me and my mother as two gods besides Allah? He said: Glory be to You, it is not for me to say that to which I have no right. Had I said it, You would already have known it").
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose renown be praised, says: يَوْمَ يَجْمَعُ اللَّهُ الرُّسُلَ فَيَقُولُ مَاذَا أُجِبْتُمْ ("On the Day when Allah gathers the messengers and says: What response were you given?") — "When Allah said: O ʿĪsā, son of Maryam, did you say to mankind: Take me and my mother as two gods besides Allah?"
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And it has been said: Allah spoke this utterance to ʿĪsā when He raised him to Himself from this world.
* Mention of who said that:
13028 — Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Aḥmad ibn al-Mufaḍḍal related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: "And when Allah said: O ʿĪsā, son of Maryam, did you say to mankind: Take me and my mother as two gods besides Allah?" He said: When Allah raised ʿĪsā, the son of Maryam, to Himself, the Christians said what they said, and claimed that ʿĪsā had commanded them to do so. Then He questioned him about his saying, whereupon he said: "Glory be to You, it is not for me to say that to which I have no right. Had I said it, You would already have known it. You know what is within me, but I do not know what is within You. Truly, You are the Knower of the unseen" — up to His saying: وَأَنْتَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ ("and You are Witness over all things").
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Others said: This is rather a report from Allah, whose renown be exalted, that He will say that to ʿĪsā on the Day of Resurrection.
* Mention of who said that:
13029 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj: "And when Allah said: O ʿĪsā, son of Maryam, did you say to mankind: Take me and my mother as two gods besides Allah?" He said: And the people hear it. Then he answered Him with what you have seen, and confessed before Him his own servitude. Thus he who used to say of ʿĪsā what he said came to know that he was only speaking falsehood.
13030 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of Maysara, who said: Allah said: O ʿĪsā, did you say to mankind: Take me and my mother as two gods besides Allah? Then his joints began to tremble and he feared that he might have said it, whereupon he said: Glory be to You, had I said it, You would already have known it — the āya.
13031 — Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His saying: "O ʿĪsā, son of Maryam, did you say to mankind: Take me and my mother as two gods besides Allah?" — when does that occur? He said: On the Day of Resurrection. Do you not see that He says: هَذَا يَوْمُ يَنْفَعُ الصَّادِقِينَ صِدْقُهُمْ ("This is the Day on which their truthfulness benefits the truthful")?
= According to this interpretation which Ibn Jurayj gave to it, "وإذ" ("and when") must carry the meaning of "and when (idhā)," just as He says in another place: وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذْ فَزِعُوا [Sūrah Sabaʾ: 51] ("And if you could see when they panic"), with the meaning: they panic; and as Abū al-Najm said:
"Then may Allah reward him for us, when He rewards, with the Gardens of ʿAdn in the lofty, exalted abodes"
where the meaning is: when He rewards; and as al-Aswad said:
"And now, when I jest with them, truly they say: Alas, has the old man not gone on his way!"
with the meaning: when I jest with them.
And it is as though whoever held to this saying of Ibn Jurayj concerning it directed the interpretation of the āya toward: فَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بَعْدُ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنِّي أُعَذِّبُهُ عَذَابًا لا أُعَذِّبُهُ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ ("Whoever of you disbelieves after that, I will punish him with a punishment with which I have punished no one of all the worlds") in this world = and I will also punish him in the Hereafter: "When Allah said: O ʿĪsā, son of Maryam, did you say to mankind: Take me and my mother as two gods besides Allah?"
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Abū Jaʿfar said: The most correct of the two views in our judgment is the saying of those who held to the view of al-Suddī, namely that Allah, whose renown be exalted, said that to ʿĪsā when He raised him to Himself, and that the report is a report about something that is past — for two reasons:
The first: that "إذْ" ("when") in the overwhelming majority of the current usage of the Arabs accompanies only the perfect (past) verb. Although it sometimes occurs in place of a report about something that will come to pass, that occurs only when the hearers know its meaning; and that is neither widespread nor eloquent in their speech. And directing the meanings of the word of Allah, the Exalted, toward what is most well-known and current when a way to it is found is better than directing it toward what is most obscure and objectionable.
The second: that ʿĪsā did not doubt, nor did any of the prophets, that Allah does not forgive a polytheist (mushrik) who dies in his shirk. Thus one could not ascribe to ʿĪsā that in the Hereafter, answering his Lord, whose renown be exalted, he would say: If You punish those who took me and my mother as two gods besides You, then they are Your servants, and if You forgive them, then You are the Almighty, the All-Wise.
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If someone were to say: What was the reason for Allah's question to ʿĪsā: "Did you say to mankind: Take me and my mother as two gods besides Allah?", when He knows that ʿĪsā did not say that?
Then it is answered: That admits of two possible interpretations:
The first: the warning of ʿĪsā against uttering that and the prohibition of it, just as one says to another: "Did you do such and such?", whereby the one to whom that is said understands that the speaker regards the performing of that thing about which he says "Did you do it?" as grave, by way of forbidding it and threatening over it.
The second: to let him know that his people, whom he had left, had broken his covenant and changed their religion after him. Thus He combines therewith the informing of him about their condition after him, and the warning of him against that utterance.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: As for the explanation of the word: it is "Did you say to mankind: Take me and my mother as two gods," that is to say: as two worshipped beings whom you worship besides Allah. ʿĪsā said: Glorifying You, O Lord, and holding You far exalted above my doing such a thing or uttering it = "it is not for me to say that to which I have no right," He says: it is not for me to say that, for I am a created servant, and my mother is a handmaid of Yours; and how should it befit the servant and the handmaid to lay claim to lordship (rubūbiyya)? = "Had I said it, You would already have known it," He says: Nothing is hidden from You, and You know that I did not say that and did not command them to do so.
The discourse on the explanation of His saying: تَعْلَمُ مَا فِي نَفْسِي وَلا أَعْلَمُ مَا فِي نَفْسِكَ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ عَلامُ الْغُيُوبِ (116) ("You know what is within me, but I do not know what is within You. Truly, You are the Knower of the unseen").
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose renown be praised, says, reporting about His prophet ʿĪsā, peace and blessings be upon him: that he absolves himself before Him of what the disbelieving Christians said about him and his mother, that he had called them to that or had commanded it to them. Thus he said: سُبْحَانَكَ مَا يَكُونُ لِي أَنْ أَقُولَ مَا لَيْسَ لِي بِحَقٍّ إِنْ كُنْتُ قُلْتُهُ فَقَدْ عَلِمْتَهُ ("Glory be to You, it is not for me to say that to which I have no right. Had I said it, You would already have known it"). Then he said: "You know what is within me," He says: From You, O Lord, there is not hidden what I conceal within my soul and what I have not uttered and have not manifested with my limbs; how then with what I have indeed uttered and manifested with my limbs? He says: Had I said to mankind: "Take me and my mother as two gods besides Allah," You would have known it, for You know the unseen things of souls, that which is not uttered; how then with what is indeed uttered? = "but I do not know what is within You," He says: and I do not know what You have kept hidden from me and have not revealed to me, for I know of things only what You have caused me to know = "Truly, You are the Knower of the unseen," He says: Truly, You are the Knower of the hidden matters that none beholds but You and that none knows other than You.