Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The explanation of His word: وَإِنَّ مِنْكُمْ لَمَنْ لَيُبَطِّئَنَّ فَإِنْ أَصَابَتْكُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَالَ قَدْ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ إِذْ لَمْ أَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ شَهِيدًا (And indeed, among you is one who lingers behind; and if a calamity then befalls you, he says: "Allah has favored me, in that I was not present with them") (72).

   Abū Jaʿfar said: This is a description by Allah, exalted be His remembrance, of the hypocrites (munāfiqūn); He described them to His Prophet ﷺ and his companions, and marked them out by their [own] mark, and said: "And indeed, among you," O believers, that is to say: from your ranks and your people, and from those who identify themselves with you and make it appear that he is of the people of your call and your religious community, while he is a hypocrite who causes whoever among you obeys him to linger behind from waging jihād against your enemy and fighting them when you march out against them = "and if a calamity then befalls you," (34) He says: and if a defeat then befalls you, or if the killing or wounding of your enemy befalls you = "he says: Allah has favored me, in that I was not present with them," so that wounding, or pain, or killing would befall me — and his staying behind from you gladdened him, out of malicious joy toward you, because he belongs to the people of doubt regarding the promise of Allah which He made to the believers concerning the reward and recompense that accrues to them on His path, and regarding His threat. So he does not hope for reward, nor does he fear punishment.

   * * *

   And in accordance with what we have said about this, the scholars of exegesis have spoken.

   *Mention of those who said that:

   9935 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, on the authority of ʿĪsā, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning his word: "And indeed, among you is one who lingers behind; and if a calamity then befalls you" up to His word: فَسَوْفَ نُؤْتِيهِ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا (then We shall give him a magnificent reward) — all that is between them is about the hypocrites.

   9936 - Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, saying: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, the same.

   9937 - Bishr ibn Muʿādh related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: "And indeed, among you is one who lingers behind" from jihād and the fighting on the path of Allah = "and if a calamity then befalls you, he says: Allah has favored me, in that I was not present with them," he said: This is the utterance of a denier.

   9938 - Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to us, saying: Ibn Jurayj said: The hypocrite causes the Muslims to linger behind from waging jihād on the path of Allah. Allah said: "and if a calamity then befalls you," he said: through the killing of the enemy among the Muslims = "he says: Allah has favored me, in that I was not present with them," he said: This is the utterance of the one who seeks malicious joy.

   9939 - Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning his word: "and if a calamity then befalls you," he said: a defeat.

   * * *

   And the "lām" was inserted in His word: "la-man" (indeed one who), and received a fatḥa, because it is the "lām" that is inserted to reinforce the statement together with "inna," as in the expression of the speaker: "inna fī l-dāri la-man yukrimuka" (indeed, in the house is one who honors you). As for the second "lām" which is in "la-yubaṭṭiʾanna," it was inserted as an answer to the oath, as though the meaning of the expression is: and indeed, among you, O people, is one who — by Allah — shall surely linger behind. (35)

   ------------------

   Footnotes:

   (34) See the explanation of "the befalling of the calamity" in what preceded: 514.

   (35) See the elaboration of this in Maʿānī al-Qurʾān of al-Farrāʾ (1: 275, 276).

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله : وَإِنَّ مِنْكُمْ لَمَنْ لَيُبَطِّئَنَّ فَإِنْ أَصَابَتْكُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَالَ قَدْ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ إِذْ لَمْ أَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ شَهِيدًا (72) قال أبو جعفر: وهذا نعت من الله تعالى ذكره للمنافقين، نعتهم لنبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه ووصفهم بصفتهم فقال: " وإن منكم "، أيها المؤمنون، يعني: من عِدَادكم وقومكم، ومن يتشَّبه بكم، ويظهر أنه من أهل دعوتكم ومِلَّتكم، وهو منافق يبطِّئ من أطاعه منكم عن جهاد عدوكم وقتالهم إذا أنتم نفرتم إليهم =" فإن أصابتكم مصيبة "، (34) يقول: فإن أصابتكم هزيمة، أو نالكم قتل أو جراح من عدوكم =" قال قد أنعم الله عليّ إذ لم أكن معهم شهيدًا "، فيصيبني جراح أو ألم أو قتل، وسَرَّه تخلّفه عنكم، شماتة بكم، لأنه من أهل الشك في وعد الله الذي وعد المؤمنين على ما نالهم في سبيله من الأجر والثواب، وفي وعيده. فهو غيرُ راج ثوابًا، ولا خائف عقابًا. * * * وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل. *ذكر من قال ذلك: 9935 - حدثني محمد بن عمرو قال، حدثنا أبو عاصم، عن عيسى، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد في قوله: " وإن منكم لمن ليبطئن فإن أصابتكم مصيبة " إلى قوله: فَسَوْفَ نُؤْتِيهِ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا ، ما بين ذلك في المنافقين. 9936 - حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا أبو حذيفة قال، حدثنا شبل، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد مثله. 9937 - حدثنا بشر بن معاذ قال، حدثنا يزيد قال، حدثنا سعيد، عن قتادة: " وإن منكم لمن ليبطئن " عن الجهاد والغزو في سبيل الله =" فإن أصابتكم مصيبة قال قد أنعم الله عليّ إذ لم أكن معهم شهيدًا "، قال: هذا قول مكذِّب. 9938 - حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثنا حجاج قال، قال ابن جريج: المنافق يبطِّئ المسلمين عن الجهاد في سبيل الله، قال الله: " فإن أصابتكم مصيبة "، قال: بقتل العدو من المسلمين =" قال قد أنعم الله عليّ إذ لم أكن معهم شهيدًا "، قال: هذا قول الشامت. 9939 - حدثني يونس قال، أخبرنا ابن وهب قال، قال ابن زيد في قوله: " فإن أصابتكم مصيبة "، قال: هزيمةٌ. * * * ودخلت " اللام " في قوله: " لمن "، وفتحت، لأنها " اللام " التي تدخل توكيدًا للخبر مع " إنَّ"، كقول القائل: " إنّ في الدار لَمَن يكرمك ". وأما " اللام " الثانية التي في" ليبطئن "، فدخلت لجواب القسم، كأن معنى الكلام: وإن منكم أيها القوم لمن والله ليبطئن. (35) ------------------ الهوامش : (34) انظر تفسير"إصابة المصيبة" فيما سلف: 514. (35) انظر تفصيل ذلك في معاني القرآن للفراء 1: 275 ، 276.