Tafseer of The Women · An-Nisaa · 4:149
If [instead] you show [some] good or conceal it or pardon an offense - indeed, Allah is ever Pardoning and Competent.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of His word: إِنْ تُبْدُوا خَيْرًا أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ أَوْ تَعْفُوا عَنْ سُوءٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَفُوًّا قَدِيرًا (4:149) (If you make some good public, or conceal it, or pardon some evil, then truly Allah is Pardoning, All-Powerful.)
Abū Jaʿfar said: By His word, exalted is His praise, "If you make public" — O people — "some good," He means: if you utter a fair word to whoever has done you good, and you make it public out of gratitude toward him for the good he has shown you; "or conceal it," He says: or you refrain from making it public and do not display it; "or pardon some evil," He says: or you pardon him who has done you wrong for his misdeed and do not openly direct against him the evil word that I have permitted you to direct openly against him; "then truly Allah is Pardoning (ʿafuww)," He says: He is continually Pardoning toward His creation, granting forgiveness to whoever disobeys Him and opposes His command; "All-Powerful (qadīr)," He says: He possesses the power to take vengeance upon them.
By this He means: that Allah is continually pardoning toward His servants, despite His power to punish them for their disobedience to Him.
He says: So pardon then, O people, him who has wronged you, and do not openly direct against him the evil word, even though you are able to harm him, just as your Lord pardons you, despite His power to punish you, while you disobey Him and oppose His command.
In His word, exalted is His praise, "If you make some good public, or conceal it, or pardon some evil, then truly Allah is Pardoning, All-Powerful," lies the clear proof that the explanation of His word لا يُحِبُّ اللَّهُ الْجَهْرَ بِالسُّوءِ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ إِلا مَنْ ظُلِمَ (Allah does not love the open utterance of the evil word, except by him who has been wronged) is contrary to the explanation that Zayd ibn Aslam gave it, in his claim that the meaning is: Allah does not love that one openly utters the evil word toward the people of hypocrisy (nifāq), except toward him who persists in his hypocrisy, for toward him there is no objection to the open utterance of the evil word. That is because He, exalted is His praise, afterward said: "If you make some good public, or conceal it, or pardon some evil," and it is understandable that Allah, exalted is His praise, did not command the believers to pardon the hypocrites their hypocrisy, nor did He forbid them to call whoever among them openly professed hypocrisy a "hypocrite." On the contrary, the pardoning of that is something for which there exists no understandable basis. For "the pardoning (ʿafw)," as it is understood, is only that someone relinquishes a right he holds over another. And the naming of the hypocrite by his name is not a right that anyone holds over him, such that one would be commanded to pardon him that; it is only a designation for him. And it is not understandable that one is commanded to refrain from naming something by that which is its name.