Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The explanation of His word: And to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And We have indeed enjoined upon those who were given the Book before you, and upon you: fear Allah. And if you disbelieve, then indeed to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And Allah is Free of need, Praiseworthy (131).

   Abū Jaʿfar said: He, exalted is His praise, means by this: and to Allah belongs the complete sovereignty over all the things that the seven heavens and the seven earths contain. He, exalted is His praise, mentioned this immediately after His word: And if the two separate, Allah will enrich each of them from His abundance, only as an encouragement from Him to His creatures at the place of yearning when one of them separates from his wife, so that they would take refuge in Him at the dismay over want, poverty, and loneliness through separation from their repose and wife — and as a reminder from Him to them that He is the One to whom all things belong, and that for the One to whom belongs sovereignty over all things, it is not impossible to enrich him and every needy and destitute person, and to grant companionship to every lonely one.

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   Then He, exalted is His praise, returned to the rebuking of those who exerted themselves in the affair of the Banū Ubayriq and to the censuring of them, and to the threat against the one who did what the apostate (murtadd) among them did. He said: And We have indeed enjoined upon those who were given the Book before you, and upon you. He says: and We have indeed enjoined upon the People of the Book — and they are the people of the Torah and the Gospel — and upon you, He says: and We have enjoined upon you and said to you and to them: fear Allah. He says: guard yourselves against disobeying Allah and against opposing His command and His prohibition. And if you disbelieve, He says: and if you deny His command to you, O believers, and oppose it, then indeed to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. He says: then by your opposing His command you harm none but yourselves, and by that disbelief of yours you overstep no further than that you become like the Jews and the Christians, in the descending of His punishment upon you and the alighting of His wrath upon you, just as it came down upon them when they exchanged His covenant and broke His pact; then He changed for them what they enjoyed of the pleasures of life and the security of person, property, and family (sirb), and made of them apes and swine. That is because to Him belongs the sovereignty over everything that the heavens and the earth contain; nothing that He wills is impossible for Him, neither in respect of the whole nor in respect of a part of it — the raising of whomever He wills to raise, the abasing of whomever He wills to abase, and all those other matters — for the creation is His creation; through Him is their need and want, through Him is their strength and continuance, and their ruin and perishing. And He is "the Free of need" (al-ghanī) who is afflicted by need of nothing and overtaken by no poverty that would make Him in need of you, O people, or of anyone other than you. And "the Praiseworthy" (al-ḥamīd) who has deserved from you, O creatures, the praise through His praiseworthy favors to you and His fine bounties with you. So maintain that, O people, by fearing Him and hastening to obedience to Him in what He commands you and forbids you, as:

   10674 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Hāshim related to us, saying: Sayf reported to us, on the authority of Abū Rawq, on the authority of ʿAlī, may Allah be pleased with him: And Allah is Free of need, Praiseworthy. He said: Free of need toward His creation. Praiseworthy, he said: One who deserves praise from them.

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله : وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الأَرْضِ وَلَقَدْ وَصَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَإِيَّاكُمْ أَنِ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَإِنْ تَكْفُرُوا فَإِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الأَرْضِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَنِيًّا حَمِيدًا (131) قال أبو جعفر: يعني بذلك جل ثناؤه: ولله جميع مُلْك ما حوته السموات السبع والأرَضون السبع من الأشياء كلها. وإنما ذكر جل ثناؤه ذلك بعقب قوله: وَإِنْ يَتَفَرَّقَا يُغْنِ اللَّهُ كُلا مِنْ سَعَتِهِ ، تنبيهًا منه خلقَه على موضع الرغبة عند فراق أحدهم زوجته، ليفزعوا إليه عند الجزع من الحاجة والفاقة والوَحْشة بفراق سَكنه وزوجته= وتذكيرًا منه له أنه الذي له الأشياء كلها، وأن من كان له ملك جميع الأشياء، فغير متعذّر عليه أن يغنيَه وكلَّ ذي فاقة وحاجة، ويؤنس كلَّ ذي وحشة. * * * ثم رجع جل ثناؤه إلى عذل من سعى في أمر بني أبيرق وتوبيخهم، ووعيدِ من فعل ما فعل المرتدّ منهم، فقال (61) " وَلَقَدْ وَصَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَإِيَّاكُمْ"، يقول: ولقد أمرنا أهل الكتاب، وهم أهل التوراة والإنجيل=" وإياكم "، يقول: وأمرناكم وقلنا لكم ولهم: " اتقوا الله "، يقول: احذروا الله أن تعصوه وتخالفوا أمره ونهيه (62) =" وإن تكفروا "، يقول: وإن تجحدوا وصيته إياكم، أيها المؤمنون، فتخالفوها=" فإنّ لله ما في السماوات وما في الأرض "، يقول: فإنكم لا تضرُّون بخلافكم وصيته غير أنفسكم، ولا تَعْدُون في كفركم ذلك أن تكونوا أمثالَ اليهود والنصارى، في نـزول عقوبته بكم، وحلول غضبه عليكم، كما حلَّ بهم إذ بدَّلوا عهده ونقضوا ميثاقه، فغيَّر بهم ما كانوا فيه من خَفض &; 9-296 &; العيش وأمن السِّرب، (63) وجعل منهم القردة والخنازير. وذلك أن له ملك جميع ما حوته السموات والأرض، لا يمتنع عليه شيء أراده بجميعه وبشيء منه، من إعزاز من أراد إعزازه، وإذلال من أراد إذلاله، وغير ذلك من الأمور كلها، لأن الخلق خلقه، بهم إليه الفاقة والحاجة، وبه قواهم وبقاؤهم، وهلاكهم وفناؤهم= وهو " الغني" الذي لا حاجة تحلّ به إلى شيء، ولا فاقة تنـزل به تضطرُّه إليكم، أيها الناس، ولا إلى غيركم (64) =" والحميدُ" الذي استوجب عليكم أيها الخلق الحمدَ بصنائعه الحميدة إليكم، وآلائه الجميلة لديكم. (65) فاستديموا ذلك، أيها الناس، باتقائه، والمسارعة إلى طاعته فيما يأمركم به وينهاكم عنه، كما: 10674 - حدثني المثنى قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا عبد الله بن هاشم قال، أخبرنا سيف، عن أبي روق، عن علي رضي الله عنه: " وكان الله غنيًّا حميدًا "، قال: غنيًّا عن خلقه=" حميدًا "، قال: مستحمدًا إليهم. --------------------- الهوامش : (61) انظر تفسير الآيات السالفة ، من الآية: 105 - 116. (62) انظر تفسير"وصى" فيما سلف 3 : 93-96: 405 / 8 : 30 ، 68 وانظر مقالته في"أن" مع"وصى" فيما سلف 3 : 94 ، 95. (63) في المطبوعة: "وأمن الشرب" بالشين المعجمة ، وهو خطأ صرف ، وهو في المخطوطة على الصواب. و"السرب" (بكسر السين وسكون الراء): النفس والمال والأهل والولد. يقال: "أصبح فلان آمنًا في سربه" أي في نفسه وأهله وماله وولده. وتفتح السين ، فيقال: "أصبح آمنًا في سربه" ، أي: في مذهبه ووجهه حيث سار وتوجه. و"خفض العيش": لينه وخصبه. (64) انظر تفسير"الغني" فيما سلف 5 : 521 ، 570. (65) انظر تفسير"حميد" فيما سلف 5 : 570.