Tabari

Tafseer of The Women · An-Nisaa · 4:107

وَلَا تُجَٰدِلْ عَنِ ٱلَّذِينَ يَخْتَانُونَ أَنفُسَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ خَوَّانًا أَثِيمًۭا

And do not argue on behalf of those who deceive themselves. Indeed, Allah loves not one who is a habitually sinful deceiver.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    The explanation of His word: وَلا تُجَادِلْ عَنِ الَّذِينَ يَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُحِبُّ مَنْ كَانَ خَوَّانًا أَثِيمًا (And do not plead on behalf of those who betray themselves; verily, Allah does not love him who is a treacherous betrayer, a sinner) (4:107).

    Abū Jaʿfar said: Exalted is His praise, He means thereby: "and do not plead," O Muḥammad, that is to say: do not mount a defense = "on behalf of those who betray themselves," that is to say: those who wrong themselves, who make themselves into betrayers through their treachery regarding what they embezzled of the possessions of those whose property they had betrayed, and they were the Banū Ubayriq. He says: do not plead on their behalf against the one who calls them to account for his rights and for that in which they betrayed him concerning their possessions = "verily, Allah does not love him who is a treacherous betrayer, a sinner." He says: verily, Allah does not love the one whose characteristic it is to betray people in their possessions, and to commit sin therein and in other matters that Allah has forbidden him.

    * * *

    And in accordance with what we have said about this, the exegetes said; and the narration from them about it has already been mentioned earlier.

    10418 — Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda: "And do not plead on behalf of those who betray themselves," he said: a man committed treachery against an uncle of his concerning a coat of armor, and he cast the accusation of it upon a Jew who used to come in among them. The man's uncle disputed with his people, and it was as though the Prophet ﷺ excused him. Then he joined himself to the land of polytheism (al-shirk), whereupon there was revealed concerning him: وَمَنْ يُشَاقِقِ الرَّسُولَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ الْهُدَى (And whoever opposes the Messenger after the guidance has become clear to him) — the verse.

    * * *

    The explanation of His word: يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَلا يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ مَعَهُمْ إِذْ يُبَيِّتُونَ مَا لا يَرْضَى مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطًا (They hide themselves from people, but they do not hide themselves from Allah, while He is with them when by night they secretly devise words that do not please Him. And Allah encompasses what they do) (4:108).

    Abū Jaʿfar said: Exalted is His praise, He means by His word "they hide themselves from people": these who betray themselves conceal what they have committed of treachery, and what they have perpetrated of disgrace and disobedience = "from people," who are not able to inflict anything upon them except to mention them with the ugliness they have perpetrated in their deeds, and the shamefulness they have committed in their crime when it is discovered, out of shame before them and out of fear of an ugly reputation = "but they do not hide themselves from Allah," who watches over them, from whom nothing of their deeds remains concealed, and in whose hand lies the punishment, the chastisement, and the hastening of the torment; and He is more worthy that one should be ashamed before Him than before another, and more deserving that He be glorified by His not seeing them where they detest that any of His creatures should see them = "while He is with them," that is to say: and Allah is a witness over them = "when by night they secretly devise what does not please Him of words." He says: when by night they fabricate that which is not pleasing of words, and alter it from its true nature, and lie about it.

    * * *

    And we have already expounded the meaning of "al-tabyīt" in a place other than this, namely that it is every word or matter that is devised by night.

    And it has been related from some people of the tribe of Ṭayyiʾ that "al-tabyīt" in their language means "the changing" (al-tabdīl), and the following has been cited from al-Aswad ibn ʿĀmir ibn Juwayn al-Ṭāʾī, in reproach of a man:

    You have distorted my word (bayyatta), O ʿAbd al-Malīk — may Allah kill you, ungrateful slave!

    With the meaning: you have changed my word.

    * * *

    And it has been related from Abū Razīn that concerning the meaning of His word "yubayyitūn" he used to say: they compose together.

    10419 — Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Abū Razīn: "when by night they devise what does not please of words," he said: they compose together what does not please of words.

    10420 — Aḥmad ibn Sinān al-Wāsiṭī related to us, saying: Abū Yaḥyā al-Ḥimmānī related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Abū Razīn, in similar manner.

    10421 — Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: al-Thawrī informed us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Abū Razīn, in the same manner.

    * * *

    Abū Jaʿfar said: And this view is, in meaning, similar to what we have said. And that is because "al-taʾlīf" (composition) is the ordering and changing of something from what it is, and the transferring of it from its meaning to something else.

    * * *

    And it has been said: He meant by His word "they hide themselves from people, but they do not hide themselves from Allah" the group who went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the matter of the defense of Ibn Ubayriq and the pleading on his behalf, in accordance with what we have mentioned earlier from Ibn ʿAbbās and others.

    * * *

    = "And Allah encompasses what they do," exalted is His praise, He means: and Allah was, with respect to what these who hide themselves from people do of their crime, out of shame before them — namely their devising by night of what does not please of words and other of their deeds = "encompassing" (muḥīṭan), counting all of it, none of it remaining hidden from Him, preserving all of that against them, until He gives them their recompense for it.

    Show original Arabic
    القول في تأويل قوله : وَلا تُجَادِلْ عَنِ الَّذِينَ يَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُحِبُّ مَنْ كَانَ خَوَّانًا أَثِيمًا (107) قال أبو جعفر: يعني بذلك جل ثناؤه: " ولا تجادل " يا محمد، فتخاصم=" عن الذين يختانون أنفسهم "، يعني: يخوّنون أنفسهم، يجعلونها خَبوَنة بخيانتهم ما خانوا من أموال من خانوه مالَه، وهم بنو أبيرق. يقول: لا تخاصم عنهم من يطالبهم بحقوقهم وما خانوه فيه من أموالهم=" إن الله لا يحب من كان خوّانًا أثيمًا "، يقول: إنّ الله لا يحب من كان من صفته خِيَانة الناس في أموالهم، وركوب الإثم في ذلك وغيره مما حرَّمه الله عليه. * * * وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل: وقد تقدم ذكر الرواية عنهم. 10418- حدثنا الحسن بن يحيى قال، أخبرنا عبد الرزاق قال، أخبرنا معمر، عن قتادة: " ولا تجادل عن الذين يختانون أنفسهم "، قال: اختان رجل عمًّا له درعًا، فقذف بها يهوديًا كان يغشاهم، فجادل عمُّ الرجل قومه، فكأن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عذره. ثم لحق بأرض الشرك، فنـزلت فيه: وَمَنْ يُشَاقِقِ الرَّسُولَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ الْهُدَى الآية. * * * القول في تأويل قوله : يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَلا يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ مَعَهُمْ إِذْ يُبَيِّتُونَ مَا لا يَرْضَى مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطًا (108) قال أبو جعفر: يعني جل ثناؤه بقوله: " يستخفون من الناس "، يستخفي هؤلاء الذين يختانون أنفسهم، ما أتَوْا من الخيانة، وركبوا من العار والمعصية (45) =" من الناس "، الذين لا يقدرون لهم على شيء، إلا ذكرهم بقبيح ما أتَوْا من فعلهم، (46) وشنيع ما ركبوا من جُرْمهم إذا اطلعوا عليه، حياءً منهم وحذرًا من قبيح الأحدوثة=" ولا يستخفون من الله " الذي هو مطلع عليهم، لا يخفى عليه شيء من أعمالهم، وبيده العقاب والنَّكال وتعجيل العذاب، وهو أحق أن يُستحى منه من غيره، وأولى أن يعظَّم بأن لا يراهم حيث يكرهون أن يراهم أحد من خلقه=" وهو معهم "، يعني: والله شاهدهم=" إذ يبيتون ما لا يرضى من القول "، يقول: حين يسوُّون ليلا ما لا يرضى من القول، فيغيِّرونه عن وجهه، ويكذبون فيه. * * * وقد بينا معنى " التبييت " في غير هذا الموضع، وأنه كل كلام أو أمرٍ أصلح ليلا. (47) وقد حكى عن بعض الطائيين أن " التبييت " في لغتهم: التبديل، وأنشد للأسود بن عامر بن جُوَين الطائي في معاتبة رجل: (48) &; 9-192 &; وَبَيَّــتَّ قَــوْلِــيَ عَبْـدَ الْمَلِيـكِ قـــاتلَكَ اللــه عَبْــدًا كَنُــودًا!! (49) بمعنى: بدَّلت قولي. * * * وروي عن أبي رزين أنه كان يقول في معنى قوله: " يبيتون "، يؤلّفون. 10419- حدثنا محمد بن بشار قال، حدثنا عبد الرحمن قال، حدثنا سفيان، عن الأعمش، عن أبي رزين: " إذ يبيتون ما لا يرضى من القول "، قال: يؤلِّفون ما لا يرضى من القول. 10420- حدثنا أحمد بن سنان الواسطي قال، حدثنا أبو يحيى الحماني، عن سفيان، عن الأعمش، عن أبي رزين بنحوه. 10421- حدثنا الحسن بن يحيى قال، أخبرنا عبد الرزاق قال، أخبرنا الثوري، عن الأعمش، عن أبي رزين، مثله. (50) * * * قال أبو جعفر: وهذا القول شبيه المعنى بالذي قلناه. وذلك أن " التأليف " هو التسوية والتغيير عما هو به، وتحويلُه عن معناه إلى غيره. * * * وقد قيل: عنى بقوله: " يستخفون من الناس ولا يستخفون من الله "، الرهطَ الذين مشوا إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في مسألة المدافعة عن ابن أبيرق والجدال عنه، (51) على ما ذكرنا قبل فيما مضى عن ابن عباس وغيره. * * * =" وكان الله بما يعملون محيطًا " يعني جل ثناؤه: وكان الله بما يعمل هؤلاء المستخفون من الناس، فيما أتَوْا من جرمهم، حياءً منهم، من تبييتهم ما لا يرضى من القول، وغيره من أفعالهم=" محيطًا "، محصيًا لا يخفى عليه شيء منه، حافظًا لذلك عليهم، حتى يجازيهم عليه جزاءهم. (52) --------------------- الهوامش : (45) في المطبوعة في الموضعين: "ما أوتوا" ، والصواب من المخطوطة. (46) في المطبوعة في الموضعين: "ما أوتوا" ، والصواب من المخطوطة. (47) انظر ما سلف 8 : 562 ، 563. (48) في المطبوعة والمخطوطة: "... بن جرير" ، والصواب ما أثبت ، والأسود بن عامر بن جوين الطائي ، أبو عامر بن جوين الطائي ، الذي نزل به امرؤ القيس (الأغاني 8 : 90 ، 95) ، وقد ذكرهما ابن دريد في الاشتقاق: 233 وقال: "كانا سيدين رئيسين" ، وذكرهما ابن حزم في الجمهرة: 379 ، وقال في الأسود بن عامر: "شاعر" ، ثم قال: "فولد الأسود هذا: قبيصة بن الأسود ، وفد على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم". (49) لم أجد البيت في مكان ، وكنت أعرفه ولكن غاب عني مكانه ، فأرجو أن أجده وألحق به بيانه في طبعة أخرى ، أو في كتاب آخر. (50) الآثار: 10419 - 10421 -"أبو رزين" هو"أبو رزين الأسدي": "مسعود بن مالك" ، مضى برقم: 4291 - 4294 ثم: 4791 - 4793. (51) في المخطوطة والمطبوعة: "بني أبيرق" ، والسياق يقتضي ما أثبت. (52) انظر تفسير"الإحاطة" و"محيط" فيما سلف 2 : 284 / 5 : 396 / 7 : 158.