Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The explanation of His word, the Exalted: وَنُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأَرْضِ إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ نُفِخَ فِيهِ أُخْرَى فَإِذَا هُمْ قِيَامٌ يَنْظُرُونَ (68) ("And the trumpet will be blown, whereupon all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth will fall down [dead], except whom Allah wills. Then it will be blown a second time, and behold, they will be standing [again], looking on") (68).

   The Exalted, whose mention is exalted, says: and Isrāfīl blows upon the horn. We have already previously set forth the meaning of al-ṣūr (the trumpet) with its proofs, and we have mentioned the disagreement of the scholars concerning it, as well as the correct view concerning it with its proofs, so that this makes it superfluous to repeat it here.

   And His word: ( فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ ) ("whereupon all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth will fall down [dead]"). He says: they die, and that is at the first blast.

   As Muḥammad related to us, he said: Aḥmad related to us, he said: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: ( فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ ) ("whereupon all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth will fall down"), he said: they die.

   And His word: ( إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ) ("except whom Allah wills"). The scholars of exegesis disagreed concerning whom Allah intended by the exception in this verse. Some said: He intended thereby Jibrīl, Mīkāʾīl, Isrāfīl, and the Angel of Death.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Muḥammad related to us, he said: Aḥmad related to us, he said: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: ( وَنُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ) ("And the trumpet will be blown, whereupon all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth will fall down, except whom Allah wills"), he said: Jibrīl, Mīkāʾīl, Isrāfīl, and the Angel of Death.

   Hārūn ibn Idrīs al-Aṣamm related to me, he said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad al-Muḥāribī related to us, he said: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq related to us, he said: al-Faḍl ibn ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of his uncle Yazīd al-Raqāshī, on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik, who said: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ recited: ( وَنُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ), whereupon it was said: who are these whom Allah has excepted, O Messenger of Allah? He said: "Jibrīl, Mīkāʾīl, and the Angel of Death. And when he has taken the souls of the creatures, He says: 'O Angel of Death, who is left?' — while He [Himself] knows best. He says: he says: 'Glory be to You, blessed are You, my Lord, Possessor of Majesty and Honor; there remain Jibrīl, Mīkāʾīl, and the Angel of Death.' He says: He says: 'O Angel of Death, take the soul of Mīkāʾīl.' He says: then he falls down like a mighty mountain. He says: then He says: 'O Angel of Death, who is left?' He says: 'Glory be to You, my Lord, O Possessor of Majesty and Honor; there remain Jibrīl and the Angel of Death.' He says: then He says: 'O Angel of Death, die.' He says: then he dies. He says: then He says: 'O Jibrīl, who is left?' He says: then Jibrīl says: 'Glory be to You, my Lord, O Possessor of Majesty and Honor; there remains Jibrīl' — while he holds a [high] rank with Allah where he holds it. He says: then He says: 'O Jibrīl, a death is inescapable.' He says: then he falls down in prostration, beating with his two wings, saying: 'Glory be to You, my Lord, blessed and exalted are You, O Possessor of Majesty and Honor; You are the Everlasting, and Jibrīl is the dying, the perishing.' He says: and He takes his soul in the ring from which he was created. He says: and he falls upon Mīkāʾīl, [so that it becomes apparent] that the excellence of his creation over the creation of Mīkāʾīl is like the excellence of the mighty mountain over the ẓarib of the hillocks."

   Others said: thereby the martyrs were intended.

   Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā related to me, he said: Wahb ibn Jarīr related to me, he said: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of ʿUmāra, on the authority of Dhī Ḥijr al-Yaḥmadī, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, concerning His word: ( فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ) ("whereupon all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth will fall down, except whom Allah wills"), he said: the martyrs — the exception of Allah — around the Throne, girded with the swords.

   Others said: by the exception at the terror (al-fazaʿ) the martyrs are intended, and at the falling down (al-ṣaʿq): Jibrīl, the Angel of Death, and the bearers of the Throne.

   * Mention of who said that, and the report that has been transmitted concerning it from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ:

   Abū Kurayb related to us, he said: al-Muḥāribī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad, related to us, on the authority of Ismāʿīl ibn Rāfiʿ al-Madanī, on the authority of Yazīd, on the authority of a man of the Anṣār, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, on the authority of a man of the Anṣār, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, that he said: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The trumpet will be blown with three blasts: the first is the blast of terror (al-fazaʿ), the second the blast of the falling down (al-ṣaʿq), and the third the blast of the rising up for the Lord of the worlds, blessed and exalted is He. Allah commands Isrāfīl with the first blast and says: 'Blow the blast of terror,' whereupon the inhabitants of the heavens and the inhabitants of the earth are seized by terror, except whom Allah wills." Abū Hurayra said: O Messenger of Allah, who are they who are excepted when He says: ( فَفَزِعَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ) ("whereupon all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth are seized by terror, except whom Allah wills")? He said: "Those are the martyrs. Terror afflicts only the living; they are alive with their Lord and are provided for. Allah has preserved them from the terror of that Day and given them security. Then Allah commands Isrāfīl with the blast of the falling down and says: 'Blow the blast of the falling down,' whereupon the inhabitants of the heavens and the earth fall down [dead], except whom Allah wills, and then they are extinguished. Then the Angel of Death comes to the Almighty, blessed and exalted is He, and says: 'O Lord, the inhabitants of the heavens and the earth have died, except whom You willed.' Then He says to him — while He [Himself] knows best —: 'Who is left?' He says: 'There remains You, the Living who does not die, and there remain the bearers of Your Throne, and there remain Jibrīl and Mīkāʾīl.' Then Allah says to him: 'Be silent, for indeed I have decreed death over all who were beneath My Throne.' Then the Angel of Death comes and says: 'O Lord, Jibrīl and Mīkāʾīl have died.' Then Allah says — while He [Himself] knows best —: 'Who is left?' He says: 'There remains You, the Living who does not die, and there remain the bearers of Your Throne, and there remain I.' Then Allah says: 'Let the bearers of the Throne die,' whereupon they die. And Allah, the Exalted, commands the Throne, whereupon it takes the trumpet into itself. Then he [the Angel of Death] says: 'O Lord, the bearers of Your Throne have died.' Then He says: 'Who is left?' — while He [Himself] knows best. He says: 'There remains You, the Living who does not die, and there remain I.' He said: then Allah says: 'You are among My creation; I created you for what you have seen. So die, and do not live [on].' Then he dies."

   And this statement, which has been transmitted concerning this from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, is the most likely to be correct, because the falling down (al-ṣaʿqa) in this place means death. And the martyrs — even though they are alive with Allah, as Allah, the Exalted whose mention is exalted, has informed — have already tasted death before that moment.

   He, whose praise is exalted, intended by the exception in this place only the exception from among those who fell down at the blast of the falling down, not from among those who had already died long and a considerable time before. For if it were permissible that by the exception those were intended who had already perished and tasted death before the time of the blast of the falling down, then it would be necessary that by the exception those were intended who had already perished and tasted death before that, because such a one belongs to those who do not fall down at that moment, since for the dead in that state another death is not brought about anew.

   And others said concerning it what Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: ( فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ) ("whereupon all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth will fall down, except whom Allah wills"). Al-Ḥasan said: Allah makes an exception, but He leaves no one of the inhabitants of the heavens, nor of the inhabitants of the earth, but that He makes him taste death. Qatāda said: Allah has made an exception, and Allah knows best to what His exception ultimately amounts. He said: it has been related to us that the Prophet of Allah said: "An angel came to me and said: 'O Muḥammad, choose whether you wish to be a prophet-king, or a prophet-servant.' He gestured to me that I should be humble. He [the Prophet] said: 'A prophet-servant.' He said: and thereupon two favors were granted to me: that I became the first for whom the earth is split open, and the first to make intercession. Then I raise my head and find Mūsā grasping the Throne, and Allah knows best whether he was seized after the first blast of the falling down or not."

   Abū Kurayb related to us, he said: ʿAbda ibn Sulaymān related to us, he said: Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to us, he said: Abū Salama related to us, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, who said: a Jew said in the market of Medina: by Him who chose Mūsā above mankind! He said: then a man of the Anṣār raised his hand and struck him with it in his face, and said: do you say this, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is among us? Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: " وَنُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ نُفِخَ فِيهِ أُخْرَى فَإِذَا هُمْ قِيَامٌ يَنْظُرُونَ ('And the trumpet will be blown, whereupon all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth will fall down, except whom Allah wills. Then it will be blown a second time, and behold, they will be standing [again], looking on'). I will be the first to raise his head, and then I see Mūsā grasping one of the pillars of the Throne; I do not know whether he raised his head before me, or whether he is among those whom Allah has excepted."

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, he said: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, who said: the Prophet ﷺ said: "It is as if I am shaking the dust from my head as the first one to come out, and I look around me and see no one except Mūsā, grasping the Throne; and I do not know whether he is among those whom Allah has excepted so that the blast does not afflict him, or whether he was raised up before me."

   And His word: ( ثُمَّ نُفِخَ فِيهِ أُخْرَى فَإِذَا هُمْ قِيَامٌ يَنْظُرُونَ ) ("Then it will be blown a second time, and behold, they will be standing [again], looking on"). The Exalted, whose mention is exalted, says: then the trumpet is blown another time. The pronoun "fīhi" ("upon it") in "fīhi" refers to the trumpet (al-ṣūr).

   As Muḥammad related to us, he said: Aḥmad related to us, he said: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: ( ثُمَّ نُفِخَ فِيهِ أُخْرَى ) ("Then it will be blown a second time"), he said: upon the trumpet, and that is the blast of the resurrection.

   And it has been mentioned that between the two blasts there is forty years.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Abū Kurayb related to us, he said: Abū Muʿāwiya related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Abū Ṣāliḥ, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, who said: the Messenger of Allah said: "Between the two blasts there is forty." They said: O Abū Hurayra, forty days? He said: I refuse [to say that]. They said: forty months? He said: I refuse. They said: forty years? He said: I refuse. "Then Allah causes water to descend from the heaven, whereupon you grow as the vegetation grows. There is nothing of the human being but that it perishes, except a single little bone, namely the tailbone (ʿajb al-dhanab); and from it the creation is composed on the Day of Resurrection."

   Yaḥyā ibn Wāḍiḥ related to us, he said: al-Balkhī ibn Iyās related to us, he said: I heard ʿIkrima saying concerning His word: ( فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ ) ("whereupon all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth will fall down") ... [up to the end of] the verse, he said: the first [blast] belongs to the worldly life, and the last belongs to the hereafter.

   Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: ( ثُمَّ نُفِخَ فِيهِ أُخْرَى فَإِذَا هُمْ قِيَامٌ يَنْظُرُونَ ) ("Then it will be blown a second time, and behold, they will be standing [again], looking on"). The Prophet of Allah said: "Between the two blasts there is forty." His Companions said: we did not ask him about that, and he did not add anything to it for us, except that they were of the opinion, according to their own view, that it was forty years.

   And it has been related to us that in those forty [years] a rain is sent which is called the rain of life, until the earth becomes fragrant and swells, and the bodies of the people sprout as the vegetation sprouts. Then it is blown a second time ( فَإِذَا هُمْ قِيَامٌ يَنْظُرُونَ ) ("and behold, they will be standing [again], looking on"). He said: it has been related to us that Muʿādh ibn Jabal asked the Prophet of Allah ﷺ: how are the believers resurrected on the Day of Resurrection? He said: "They are resurrected hairless, beardless, with anointed eyes, as thirty-year-olds."

   And His word: ( فَإِذَا هُمْ قِيَامٌ يَنْظُرُونَ ) ("and behold, they will be standing [again], looking on"). He says: and then those who fell down at the blast preceding it, and all others of Allah's creatures who were already dead before that, stand up from their graves and their places on the earth, alive, in the same form as before their death, looking at what Allah decrees for them.

   As Muḥammad related to us, he said: Aḥmad related to us, he said: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: ( فَإِذَا هُمْ قِيَامٌ يَنْظُرُونَ ) ("and behold, they will be standing [again], looking on"), he said: when they are resurrected.

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   Footnotes:

   (1) In the Lisān [al-ʿArab]: al-ẓarib is the outstretched mountain. It has also been said: it is the small mountain, and it has been said: the small hills. The plural is ẓirāb.

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَنُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأَرْضِ إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ نُفِخَ فِيهِ أُخْرَى فَإِذَا هُمْ قِيَامٌ يَنْظُرُونَ (68) يقول تعالى ذكره: ونفخ إسرافيل في القرن, وقد بيَّنا معنى الصور فيما مضى بشواهده, وذكرنا اختلاف أهل العلم فيه, والصواب من القول فيه بشواهده, فأغنى ذلك عن إعادته في هذا الموضع. وقوله ( فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ ) يقول: مات, وذلك في النفخة الأولى. كما حدثنا محمد, قال: ثنا أحمد, قال: ثنا أسباط, عن السديّ( فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ ) قال: مات. وقوله: ( إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ) اختلف أهل التأويل في الذي عنى الله بالاستثناء في هذه الآية, فقال بعضهم عنى به جبريل وميكائيل وإسرافيل وملك الموت. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا محمد, قال: ثنا أحمد, قال: ثنا أسباط, عن السديّ( وَنُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ) قال جبريل وميكائيل وإسرافيل وملك الموت. حدثني هارون بن إدريس الأصم, قال: ثنا عبد الرحمن بن محمد المحاربي, قال: ثنا محمد بن إسحاق, قال: ثنا الفضل بن عيسى, عن عمه يزيد الرقاشي, عن أنس بن مالك قال: قرأ رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: ( وَنُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ) فقيل: من هؤلاء الذين استثنى الله يا رسول الله؟ قال: " جبرائيلَ وميكائيلَ, ومَلكَ المَوْتِ, فإذَا قَبَضَ أرْوَاحَ الخَلائِقِ قالَ: يَا مَلَكَ المَوْتِ مَنْ بَقِيَ؟ وَهُوَ أعْلَمُ، قال: يَقُولُ: سُبْحانَكَ تَبارَكْتَ رَبِّي ذَا الجَلالِ وَالإكْرَامِ, بَقِيَ جِبْرِيلُ وَمِيكائيل وَمَلَكُ المَوْتِ ، قال: يَقُولُ يَا مَلَكَ المَوْتِ خُذْ نَفْسَ مِيكائيلَ، قالَ: فَيَقَعُ كَالطَّوْدِ العَظِيمِ, قال: ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: يَا مَلَكَ المَوْتِ مَنْ بَقِيَ؟ فيَقُولُ: سُبْحَانَكَ رَبِّي يا ذَا الجَلالِ وَالإكْرَامِ, بَقِيَ جِبْرِيلُ وَمَلَكُ المَوْتِ, قَالَ: فَيَقُولُ: يا مَلَكَ المَوْتِ مُتْ, قالَ: فَيَمُوتُ، قالَ: ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: يا جِبْرِيلُ مَنْ بَقِيَ؟ قالَ: فيَقُولُ جِبْرِيلُ: سُبْحَانَكَ رَبِّي يَا ذَا الجَلالِ وَالإكْرَامِ, بَقِيَ جِبْرِيلُ, وَهُوَ مِنَ اللهِ بالمَكانِ الَّذي هُوَ بِهِ، قالَ: فَيَقُولُ يَا جِبْرِيلُ لا بُدَّ مِنْ مَوْتَةٍ، قالَ: فَيَقَعُ سَاجِدًا يَخْفِقُ بِجناحَيْه يَقُولُ: سُبْحَانَكَ رَبِّي تَبَارَكَتْ وَتَعَالَيْتَ يَا ذَا الجَلالِ وَالإكْرَامِ, أنْتَ البَاقِي وجِبْرِيلُ المَيِّتُ الفَانِي: قال: ويأْخُذُ رُوحَهُ في الحلْقَةِ التي خُلِقَ مِنْها, قالَ: فَيَقَعُ على مِيكائِيلَ أنَّ فَضْلَ خَلْقِهِ على خَلْقِ مِيكَائيل كفَضْلِ الطَّوْدِ العَظِيمِ عَلى الظَّرْبِ (1) مِنَ الظِّرابِ". وقال آخرون: عنى بذلك الشهداء. حدثني محمد بن المثنى, قال: ثني وهب بن جرير, قال: ثنا شعبة عن عمارة, عن ذي حجر اليحمدي, عن سعيد بن جُبَير, في قوله: ( فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ) قال: الشهداء ثنية الله حول العرش, متقلدين السيوف. وقال آخرون: عنى بالاستثناء في الفزع: الشهداء, وفي الصعق: جبريل, وملك الموت, وحملة العرش. * ذكر من قال ذلك, والخبر الذي جاء فيه عن رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: حدثنا أبو كُرَيب, قال: ثنا المحاربي عبد الرحمن بن محمد, عن إسماعيل بن رافع المدني, عن يزيد, عن رجل من الأنصار, عن محمد بن كعب القرظي, عن رجل من الأنصار, عن أبي هريرة أنه قال: قال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: " يُنْفَخُ فِي الصُّورِ ثَلاثَ نَفَخَاتٍ: الأولى: نَفْخَةُ الفَزَعِ, والثَّانِيَةُ: نَفْخَةُ الصَّعْقِ, والثَّالِثَةُ: نَفْخَةُ القِيَامِ لِرَبِّ العَالَمِينَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى، يَأْمُرُ اللهُ إسْرَافِيلَ بالنَّفْخَةِ الأولى, فَيَقُولُ: انْفُخْ نَفْخَةَ الفَزَعِ, فتَفْزَعُ أهْلُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وأهْلُ الأرْضِ إلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللهُ"، قالَ أبو هريرة: يا رسول الله, فمن استثنى حين يقول: ( فَفَزِعَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ) قال: " أُولَئِكَ الشُّهَدَاءُ, وإنَّما يَصلُ الفَزَعُ إلى الأحْياءِ, أُولَئِكَ أحْيَاءٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ يُرْزَقُونَ, وَقاهُمْ الله فَزَعَ ذلكَ اليَوْمِ وأمَّنَهُمْ, ثُمَّ يأْمُرُ اللهُ إسْرَافِيلَ بِنَفْخَةِ الصَّعْقِ, فَيَقُولُ: انْفُخْ نَفْخَةَ الصَّعْقِ, فَيَصْعَقُ أهْلُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ إلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللهُ فإذا هُمْ خَامِدُونَ, ثُمَّ يَأْتِي مَلَكُ المَوْتِ إلى الجَبَّارِ تبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فَيَقُولُ: يَا رَبِّ قَدْ مَاتَ أهْلُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ إلا مَنْ شِئْتَ, فَيَقُولُ لَهُ وَهُوَ أعْلَمُ. فمَنْ بَقِيَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: بَقِيتَ أنْتَ الحَيَّ الَّذِي لا يَمُوتُ, وَبَقِيَ حَمَلَةُ عَرْشُكَ, وَبَقِيَ جِبْرِيلُ ومِيكائِيلُ ، فَيَقُولُ اللهُ لَهُ: اسْكُتْ إنِّي كَتَبْتُ المَوْتَ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ تَحْتَ عَرْشِي، ثُمَّ يَأْتِي مَلَكُ المَوْتِ فَيَقُولُ: يا رَبِّ قَدْ مَاتَ جِبْرِيلُ ومِيكائِيلُ، فيَقُولُ اللهُ وَهُوَ أعْلَمُ: فَمَنْ بَقِيَ؟ فَيَقُولُ بَقِيتَ أنْتَ الحَيّ الَّذِي لا يَمُوتُ, وبَقِيَ حَمَلَةُ عَرْشِكَ, وَبَقِيتُ أنا, فَيَقُولُ اللهُ: فَلْيَمُتْ حَمَلَةُ العَرْشِ, فَيَمُوتُونَ، وَيَأْمُرُ اللهُ تعالى العَرْشَ فَيَقْبِضُ الصُّورَ. فَيَقُولُ: أيْ رَبِّ قَدْ مَاتَ حَمَلَةُ عَرْشِكَ ، فَيَقُولُ: مَنْ بَقِيَ؟ وَهُوَ أعْلَمُ, فَيَقُولُ: بَقِيتَ أنْتَ الحَيَّ الَّذِي لا يَمُوتُ وبَقِيتُ أنا, قال: فَيَقُولُ اللهُ: أنْتَ مِنْ خَلْقِي خَلَقْتُكَ لِمَا رَأَيْتَ, فَمُتْ لا تَحْيَى, فَيَمُوتُ". وهذا القول الذي رُوي في ذلك عن رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم أولى بالصحة, لأن الصعقة في هذا الموضع: الموت. والشهداء وإن كانوا عند الله أحياء كما أخبر الله تعالى ذكره فإنهم قد ذاقوا الموت قبل ذلك. وإنما عنى جل ثناؤه بالاستثناء في هذا الموضع, الاستثناء من الذين صعقوا عند نفخة الصعق, لا من الذين قد ماتوا قبل ذلك بزمان ودهر طويل ، وذلك أنه لو جاز أن يكون المراد بذلك من قد هلك, وذاق الموت قبل وقت نفخة الصعق, وجب أن يكون المراد بذلك من قد هلك, فذاق الموت من قبل ذلك, لأنه ممن لا يصعق في ذلك الوقت إذا كان الميت لا يجدد له موت آخر في تلك الحال. وقال آخرون في ذلك ما حدثنا بشر, قال: ثنا يزيد, قال: ثنا سعيد, عن قتادة, قوله: ( فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ) قال الحسن: يستثني الله وما يدع أحدا من أهل السموات ولا أهل الأرض إلا أذاقه الموت؟ قال قتادة: قد استثنى الله, والله أعلم إلى ما صارت ثنيته, قال: ذُكر لنا أن نبيّ الله قال: " أتاني مَلَكٌ فَقَالَ: يا مُحَمَّدُ اخْتَرْ نَبِيًّا مَلِكًا, أوْ نَبِيًّا عَبْدًا، فأَوْمَأ إليَّ أنْ تَوَاضَعْ, قَالَ: نَبِيًّا عَبْدًا, قال فأُعْطِيتُ خَصْلَتَيْنِ: أنْ جُعِلْتُ أوَّلَ مَنْ يَنْشَقُّ عَنْهُ الأرْضُ, وأوَّلُ شَافِعٌ, فَأَرْفَعُ رَأْسِي فَأَجِدُ مُوسَى آخِذًا بالعَرْشِ, فاللهُ أعْلَمُ أصَعِقَ بَعْدَ الصَّعْقَةِ الأولَى أمْ لا؟". حدثنا أبو كُرَيب, قال: ثنا عبدة بن سليمان, قال: ثنا محمد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا أبو سلمة, عن أبي هريرة, قال: قال يهودي بسوق المدينة: والذي اصطفى موسى على البشر, قال: فرفع رجل من الأنصار يده, فصكّ بها وجهه, فقال: تقول هذا وفينا رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم؟ فقال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: " وَنُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ إِلا مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ نُفِخَ فِيهِ أُخْرَى فَإِذَا هُمْ قِيَامٌ يَنْظُرُونَ , فَأَكُونُ أنَا أوَّلَ مَنْ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ, فإذَا مُوسَى آخِذٌ بِقَائِمَةٍ مِنْ قَوَائِمِ العَرْشِ فَلا أدْرِي أرَفَعَ رَأْسَه قَبْلِي, أوْ كَانَ مِمَّنْ استثنى الله ". حدثنا ابن حميد, قال: ثنا جرير, عن عطاء, عن الحسن, قال: قال النبي صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: " كأنَّي أنْفُضُ رأسِي مِنَ التُّرَابِ أوَّلَ خَارِجٍ, فَأَلْتَفِتُ فَلا أَرَى أحَدًا إلا مُوسَى مُتَعَلِّقًا بالعَرْشِ, فَلا أدْرِي أمِمَّنْ اسْتَثْنَى اللهُ أنْ لا تُصِيبُه النَّفْخَةُ أوْ بُعِثَ قَبْلِي". وقوله: ( ثُمَّ نُفِخَ فِيهِ أُخْرَى فَإِذَا هُمْ قِيَامٌ يَنْظُرُونَ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: ثم نفخ في الصور نفخة أخرى، والهاء التي في" فيه " من ذكر الصور. كما حدثنا محمد, قال: ثنا أحمد, قال: ثنا أسباط, عن السديّ( ثُمَّ نُفِخَ فِيهِ أُخْرَى ) قال: في الصور, وهى نفخة البعث. وذُكر أن بين النخفتين أربعين سنة. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا أبو كُرَيب, قال: ثنا أبو معاوية, عن الأعمش, عن أبي صالح, عن أبي هريرة, قال: قال رسول الله: " ما بَيْنَ النَّفْخَتَيْنِ أرْبَعُونَ" قالوا: يا أبا هريرة أربعون يومًا؟ قال: أبَيْتُ، قالوا: أربعون شهرا؟ قال: أبيت، قالوا: أربعون سنة؟ قال: أبيت،" ثُمَّ يُنـزلُ اللهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَتَنْبِتُونَ كَمَا يَنْبِتُ البَقْلُ, وَلَيْسَ مِنَ الإنْسانِ شَيْءٌ إلا يَبْلَى, إلا عَظْمًا وَاحِدًا, وَهُوَ عَجْبُ الذَّنَبِ, وَمِنْهُ يُرَكَّبُ الخَلْقُ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ". حدثنا يحيى بن واضح, قال: ثنا البلخي بن إياس, قال: سمعت عكرمة يقول في قوله ( فَصَعِقَ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الأرْضِ ) ... الآية, قال: الأولى من الدنيا, والأخيرة من الآخرة. حدثنا بشر قال: ثنا يزيد, قال: ثنا سعيد, عن قتادة ( ثُمَّ نُفِخَ فِيهِ أُخْرَى فَإِذَا هُمْ قِيَامٌ يَنْظُرُونَ ) قال نبي الله: " بين النفختين أربعون " قال أصحابه: فما سألناه عن ذلك, ولا زادنا على ذلك, غير أنهم كانوا يرون من رأيهم أنها أربعون سنة. وذُكر لنا أنه يبعث في تلك الأربعين مطر يقال له مطر الحياة, حتى تطيب الأرض وتهتزّ, وتنبت أجساد الناس نباتَ البقل, ثم ينفخ فيه الثانية ( فَإِذَا هُمْ قِيَامٌ يَنْظُرُونَ ) قال: ذُكر لنا أن معاذ بن جبل, سأل نبي الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: كيف يبعث المؤمنون يوم القيامة؟ قال: " يُبْعَثُونَ جُرْدًا مُرْدا مُكَحَّلِينَ بني ثَلاثِين سَنَةً". وقوله: ( فَإِذَا هُمْ قِيَامٌ يَنْظُرُونَ ) يقول: فإذا من صعق عند النفخة التي قبلها وغيرهم من جميع خلق الله الذين كانوا أمواتا قبل ذلك قيام من قبورهم وأماكنهم من الأرض أحياء كهيئتهم قبل مماتهم ينظرون أمر الله فيهم. كما حدثنا محمد, قال: ثنا أحمد, قال: ثنا أسباط, عن السديّ( فَإِذَا هُمْ قِيَامٌ يَنْظُرُونَ ) قال: حين يبعثون. --------------------- الهوامش : (1) في اللسان : الظرب : الجبل المنبسط . وقيل : هو الجبل الصغير ، وقيل : الروابي الصغار . والجمع ظراب .