Tafseer of Those drawn up in Ranks · As-Saaffaat · 37:146
And We caused to grow over him a gourd vine.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
His saying وَأَنْبَتْنَا عَلَيْهِ شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ ("And We caused a plant of yaqṭīn to grow over him") — the Exalted, whose remembrance is exalted, says: and We caused to grow over Yūnus a plant of the kind of vegetation that does not stand upright upon a trunk. Every plant that does not stand upright upon a trunk, such as the gourd (dubbāʾ), the melon (biṭṭīkh), the colocynth (ḥanẓal), and the like, is called yaqṭīn by the Arabs.
The scholars of interpretation (ahl al-taʾwīl) differed concerning this. Some of them said something along the lines of what we have just said.
* The mention of who said that:
Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Hushaym related to us, on the authority of al-Qāsim ibn Abī Ayyūb, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, concerning His saying وَأَنْبَتْنَا عَلَيْهِ شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ , he said: it is everything that grows upon the surface of the earth without having a trunk.
Maṭar ibn Muḥammad al-Ḍabbī related to me, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: al-Aṣbagh ibn Zayd related to us, on the authority of al-Qāsim ibn Abī Ayyūb, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, concerning His saying وَأَنْبَتْنَا عَلَيْهِ شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ , he said: everything that grows and then dies off in the same year.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Ḥabīb, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, he said: شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ . Then they said in his presence: it is the pumpkin (al-qarʿ). He said: and what makes that more fitting than the melon?
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both — on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His saying شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ , he said: without a rootstock, of the gourd (dubbāʾ) or something else of that kind. And others said: it is the pumpkin (al-qarʿ).
* The mention of who said that:
ʿAlī related to me, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His saying وَأَنْبَتْنَا عَلَيْهِ شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ , he said: the pumpkin.
Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Maymūn, on the authority of ʿAbdallāh (Ibn Masʿūd), that he said concerning this verse: وَأَنْبَتْنَا عَلَيْهِ شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ , he said: the pumpkin.
Maṭar ibn Muḥammad al-Ḍabbī related to me, saying: ʿAbdallāh ibn Dāwūd al-Wāsiṭī related to us, saying: Sharīk related to us, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Maymūn al-Awdī, concerning His saying وَأَنْبَتْنَا عَلَيْهِ شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ , he said: the pumpkin.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, وَأَنْبَتْنَا عَلَيْهِ شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ : it was related to us that it was the gourd (dubbāʾ) — this pumpkin that you have seen — which Allah caused to grow over him so that he could eat from it.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Abū Ṣakhr related to me, saying: Ibn Qusayṭ related to me, that he heard Abū Hurayra saying: he was cast onto the barren open ground, and Allah caused a yaqṭīna to grow over him. We asked: O Abū Hurayra, and what is the yaqṭīna? He said: the gourd-plant (al-dubbāʾ). Allah prepared for him a wild mountain goat (ibex) that fed upon the small creeping creatures of the earth — or the vermin — and it stood astride over him and gave him to drink of its milk every evening and every morning, until he regained his strength. And Ibn Abī al-Ṣalt said concerning this in a line of poetry before Islam:
Thus did He cause yaqṭīn to grow over him, out of mercy from Allah; had it not been for Allah, he would have been found exposed to the sun.
Yaḥyā ibn Ṭalḥa al-Yarbūʿī related to me, saying: Fuḍayl ibn ʿIyāḍ related to us, on the authority of Mughīra, concerning His saying وَأَنْبَتْنَا عَلَيْهِ شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ , he said: the pumpkin.
It was related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, he said: I heard Abū Muʿādh saying: ʿUbayd informed us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk saying concerning His saying شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ , he said: the pumpkin.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said: Allah caused a plant of yaqṭīn to grow over him; he said: and whenever he took one of its leaves and took it, it gave him milk to drink — or he said: he drank from it as much as he wished — until he regained his strength.
Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Aḥmad ibn al-Mufaḍḍal related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī, concerning His saying شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ , he said: it is the pumpkin, and the Arabs call it the gourd (al-dubbāʾ).
ʿAmr ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd related to us, saying: Marwān ibn Muʿāwiya related to us, on the authority of Warqāʾ, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, concerning the saying of Allah: وَأَنْبَتْنَا عَلَيْهِ شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ , he said: it is the pumpkin.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His saying وَأَنْبَتْنَا عَلَيْهِ شَجَرَةً مِنْ يَقْطِينٍ , he said: the pumpkin.
And others said: the yaqṭīn was a tree that gave Yūnus shade.
* The mention of who said that:
al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Thābit ibn Yazīd related to us, on the authority of Hilāl ibn Khabbāb, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, he said: the yaqṭīn is a tree that Allah named yaqṭīn and that gave him shade, and it is not the pumpkin. He said: as has been related, Allah sent against him the creeping creature of the earth (dābbat al-arḍ), and it began to gnaw at its roots, and its leaves began to fall off until the sun reached him. Then he complained about that, and He said: O Yūnus, you were distressed by the heat of the sun, yet you were not distressed over a hundred thousand or more who repented to Me, whereupon I turned to them in forgiveness?