Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The explanation of the saying of the Exalted: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَاءَتْكُمْ جُنُودٌ فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا وَجُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرًا (33:9) ("O you who believe, remember the favor of Allah upon you, when armies came to you and We sent against them a wind and armies you did not see. And Allah is All-Seeing of what you do" (33:9)).

   The Exalted, whose mention is exalted, says: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ ("O you who believe, remember the favor of Allah upon you") which He bestowed upon your community, and that was when the Muslims, together with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, were besieged in the days of the Trench (al-Khandaq). إْذ جاءَتْكُمْ جُنُودٌ ("when armies came to you"): the armies of the confederates (al-Aḥzāb): Quraysh, and Ghaṭafān, and the Jews of Banū al-Naḍīr. فأرْسَلْنا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحا ("and We sent against them a wind"), and that was, according to what is reported, the east wind (al-ṣabā).

   As Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Dāwūd related to us, on the authority of ʿIkrima, who said: the south wind said on the night of al-Aḥzāb to the north wind: let us go and help the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then the north wind said: the noble lady does not travel by night. He said: and the wind that was sent against them was the east wind.

   Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Abū ʿĀmir related to us, saying: al-Zubayr — that is: Ibn ʿAbd Allāh — related to me, saying: Rubayḥ ibn Abī Saʿīd related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Abū Saʿīd, who said: we said on the day of the Trench: O Messenger of Allah, the hearts have risen to the throats; is there anything you can say? He said: "yes, say: O Allah, cover our nakedness and calm our fears." Then Allah struck the faces of His enemies with the wind, and Allah defeated them with the wind.

   Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr related to me, on the authority of Nāfiʿ, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh, who said: my maternal uncle ʿUthmān ibn Maẓʿūn sent me on the night of the Trench, in bitter cold and wind, to Medina, and he said: bring us food and a blanket. He said: I sought permission from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he granted it to me and said: "whomever you meet of my companions, command him to return." He said: so I went, while the wind was blowing everything away, and I did not meet anyone but that I commanded him to return to the Prophet ﷺ. He said: but none of them turned his neck. He said: I had a shield with me, and the wind struck it against me; in it was iron, and the wind struck it so hard that part of that iron fell upon my palm and pierced it down to the ground.

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq related to me, on the authority of Yazīd ibn Ziyād, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, who said: a young man from the people of Kufa said to Ḥudhayfa ibn al-Yamān: O Abū ʿAbd Allāh, did you see the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and accompany him? He said: yes, O son of my brother. He said: and how did you act? He said: by Allah, we toiled hard. The young man said: by Allah, had we lived in his time, we would not have let him walk upon the ground; we would have carried him on our shoulders. Ḥudhayfa said: O son of my brother, by Allah, I remember us with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at the Trench. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed a part of the night, then turned to us and said: "who is the man who will rise and go look for us at what the people are doing?" — the Messenger of Allah ﷺ promised him that, if he returned, Allah would admit him into Paradise. But no one rose. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed a part of the night, then turned to us and said the same, but none of us rose. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed a part of the night, then turned to us and said: "who is the man who will rise and go look for us at what the people are doing and then return? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ assures him of the return, and I beseech Allah that he will be my companion in Paradise." But no one rose, because of the severity of the fear and the severity of the hunger and the severity of the cold. When no one rose, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called me, and I could not but rise when he called me. He said: "O Ḥudhayfa, go and enter among the people and look, and do nothing until you return to us." He said: so I went and entered among the people, while the wind and the armies of Allah were doing to them what they were doing, leaving for them no cooking pot, no fire, and no structure untouched. Then Abū Sufyān rose and said: O assembly of Quraysh, let every man look at his neighbor. Ḥudhayfa said: so I took the hand of the man next to me and said: who are you? He said: I am so-and-so, son of so-and-so. Then Abū Sufyān said: O assembly of Quraysh, by Allah, you are not in a dwelling-place to remain. The mounts and beasts of burden have perished, Banū Qurayẓa have broken their word, and there has reached us from them what we detest, and we have suffered from this wind what you see. By Allah, no cooking pot stands firm for us, no fire holds firm for us, and no structure holds firm for us. So depart, for I am departing. Then he went to his camel, which was tethered, and mounted it; then he struck it and the animal leaped up with him onto three legs, and he had not loosened its hobble before it was already standing upright. And were it not for the command of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to me that I should do nothing until I returned to him, I would have killed him with an arrow, had I wished. Ḥudhayfa said: then I returned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, while he was standing upright praying in a cloak belonging to one of his wives. When he saw me, he let me in between his legs and threw a corner of the cloak over me; then he bowed and prostrated, while I was inside it. When he made the taslīm, I gave him the news. And Ghaṭafān heard of what Quraysh had done, and they departed hastily back to their land.

   Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His saying إذْ جاءَتْكُمْ جُنُودٌ ("when armies came to you"). He said: the confederates (al-Aḥzāb): ʿUyayna ibn Badr, and Abū Sufyān, and Qurayẓa.

   And His saying فَأَرْسَلْنا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحا ("and We sent against them a wind"). He said: the east wind (al-ṣabā) was sent against the confederates on the day of the Trench, until it overturned their cooking pots upon their openings and tore loose their tents until it drove them to flight. And His saying وَجُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْها ("and armies you did not see"). He said: the angels, and they did not fight on that day.

   Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His saying يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَاءَتْكُمْ جُنُودٌ فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا وَجُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا ("O you who believe, remember the favor of Allah upon you, when armies came to you and We sent against them a wind and armies you did not see"). He said: by it the angels are meant. He said: this verse was revealed on the day of al-Aḥzāb, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had been besieged for a month. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ dug a trench, and Abū Sufyān came with Quraysh and those of the people who followed him, until they encamped on the courtyard of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; and ʿUyayna ibn Ḥiṣn, one of Banū Badr, came with those of the people who followed him, until they encamped on the courtyard of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. And the Jews made a pact with Abū Sufyān and supported him. And that is what Allah the Exalted says: إِذْ جَاءُوكُمْ مِنْ فَوْقِكُمْ وَمِنْ أَسْفَلَ مِنْكُمْ ("when they came to you from above you and from below you"). Then Allah sent against them the terror and the wind. And it has been reported to us that whenever they kindled a fire, Allah extinguished it, until it has even been reported to us that the chief of every tribe would say: O Banū so-and-so, come to me; and when they had gathered to him, he would say: save yourselves, save yourselves — because of the terror that Allah had sent against them.

   Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His saying يا أيها الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ ... ("O you who believe, remember the favor of Allah upon you ...") to the end of the verse. He said: the day of Abū Sufyān was the day of al-Aḥzāb.

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, saying: Yazīd ibn Rūmān related to me, concerning the saying of Allah: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَاءَتْكُمْ جُنُودٌ فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا وَجُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا ("O you who believe, remember the favor of Allah upon you, when armies came to you and We sent against them a wind and armies you did not see"). And the armies were: Quraysh, and Ghaṭafān, and Banū Qurayẓa; and the armies that Allah sent against them with the wind were: the angels.

   And His saying وكانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْملُونَ بَصِيرًا ("And Allah is All-Seeing of what you do") — the Exalted, whose mention is exalted, says: and Allah was, of your deeds on that day — namely their perseverance amid what they endured of toil and hardship, and their steadfastness against their enemy, and others of their deeds — All-Seeing; nothing of that remained hidden from Him, He counted it up for them in order to reward them for it.

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   The footnotes:

   (1) "Huwiyyan", with a fatḥa-marked or ḍamma-marked hāʾ, and a doubled yāʾ, is the extended span of the night (al-Lisān: hwy).

   (2) "Al-ʿaqwa": the courtyard and what is around the house (according to al-Lisān: ʿqā).

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَاءَتْكُمْ جُنُودٌ فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا وَجُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرًا (9) يقول تعالى ذكره: ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ ) التي أنعمها على جماعتكم وذلك حين حوصر المسلمون مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أيام الخندق (إْذ جاءَتْكُمْ جُنُودٌ) : جنود الأحزاب: قريش، وغَطفان، ويهود بني النضير (فأرْسَلْنا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحا) وهي فيما ذكر: ريح الصَّبا. كما حدثنا محمد بن المثنى، قال: ثنا عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا داود، عن عكرمة، قال: قالت الجنوب للشمال ليلة الأحزاب: انطلقي ننصر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فقال الشمال: إن الحرّة لا تسري بالليل، قال: فكانت الريح التي أُرسلت عليهم الصبا. حدثنا ابن المثنى، قال: ثنا أبو عامر، قال: ثني الزبير -يعني: ابن عبد الله- قال: ثني ربيح بن أبي سعيد، عن أبيه، عن أبي سعيد، قال: قلنا يوم الخندق: يا رسول الله بلغت القلوب الحناجر، فهل من شيء تقوله؟ قال: " نَعَمْ قُولُوا: اللَّهُمَّ اسْتُرْ عَوْرَاتِنا، وَآمِنْ رَوْعَاتِنَا "، فَضَرَبَ اللهُ وُجُوهَ أعْدائِهِ بالرِّيحِ، فهَزَمَهُم اللهُ بالرّيحِ. حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: ثني عبد الله بن عمرو، عن نافع، عن عبد الله، قال: أرسلني خالي عثمان بن مظعون ليلة الخندق في برد شديد وريح، إلى المدينة، فقال: ائتنا بطعام ولحاف قال: فاستأذنت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فأذن لي وقال: " مَنْ لَقِيتَ مِنْ أصحَابِي فَمُرْهُمْ يَرْجِعُوا ". قال: فذهبت والريح تسفي كل شيء، فجعلت لا ألقى أحدا إلا أمرته بالرجوع إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، قال: فما يلوي أحد منهم عنقه؛ قال: وكان معي ترس لي، فكانت الريح تضربه عليّ، وكان فيه حديد، قال: فضربته الريح حتى وقع بعض ذلك الحديد على كفي، فأنفذها إلى الأرض. حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا سلمة: قال: ثني محمد بن إسحاق، عن يزيد بن زياد، عن محمد بن كعب القرظي، قال: قال فتى من أهل الكوفة لحُذيفة بن اليمان: يا أبا عبد الله، رأيتم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وصحبتموه؟ قال: نعم يا بن أخي، قال: فكيف كنتم تصنعون؟ قال: والله لقد كنا نجهد، قال الفتى: والله لو أدركناه ما تركناه يمشي على الأرض، لحملناه على أعناقنا. قال حُذَيفة: يا بن أخي، والله لقد رأيتنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بالخندق، وصلى رسول الله هويا من الليل (1) ثم التفت إلينا فقال: " من رجل يقوم فينظر لنا ما فعل القوم؟ يشرط له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إن يرجع أدخله الله الجنة "، فما قام أحد، ثم صلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم هويا من الليل، ثم التفت إلينا فقال مثله، فما قام منا رجل، ثم صلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم هويا من الليل، ثم التفت إلينا فقال: " مَنْ رَجُلٌ يَقُومُ فَيَنْظُرُ لَنا ما فَعَلَ القَوْمُ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ، يَشْتَرطُ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلى اللهُ عليهِ وسلَّمَ الرَّجْعَةَ، أسألُ الله أنْ يكُونَ رَفِيقي فِي الجَنَّةِ" فما قام رجل من شدّة الخوف، وشدّة الجوع، وشدّة البرد؛ فلما لم يقم أحد، دعاني رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فلم يكن لي بدّ من القيام حين دعاني، فقال: " يا حُذيْفَةُ اذْهَبْ فادْخُلْ فِي القَوْمِ فانْظُرْ، وَلا تُحْدِثَنَّ شَيْئا حتى تَأْتينَا ". قال: فذهبت فدخلت في القوم، والريح وجنود الله تفعل بهم ما تفعل، لا تقرّ لهم قدرا ولا نارا ولا بناء؛ فقام أبو سفيان فقال: يا معشر قريش، لينظر امرؤ من جليسه، فقال حُذَيفة: فأخذت بيد الرجل الذي إلى جنبي، فقلت: من أنت؟ فقال: أنا فلان بن فلان؛ ثم قال أبو سفيان: يا معشر قريش، إنكم والله ما أصبحتم بدار مقام، ولقد هلك الكراع والخفّ، واختلفت بنو قريظة، وبلغنا عنهم الذي نكره، ولقينا من هذه الريح ما ترون، والله ما يطمئن لنا قدر، ولا تقوم لنا نار، ولا يستمسك لنا بناء، فارتحلوا فإني مرتحل، ثم قام إلى جمله وهو معقول، فجلس عليه، ثم ضربه فوثب به على ثلاث، فما أطلق عقاله إلا وهو قائم. ولولا عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إليّ أن لا تُحدث شيئا حتى تأتيني، لو شئت لقتلته بسهم؛ قال حُذَيفة: فرجعت إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو قائم يصلي في مرط لبعض نسائه؛ فلما رآني أدخلني بين رجليه، وطرح عليّ طَرف المِرط، ثم ركع وسجد وإني لفيه؛ فلما سلم أخبرته الخبر، وسمعت غَطفان بما فعلت قريش، فانشمروا راجعين إلى بلادهم. حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى، وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد قوله: (إذْ جاءَتْكُمْ جُنُودٌ) قال: الأحزاب: عيينة بن بدر، وأبو سفيان، وقريظة. وقوله: (فَأَرْسَلْنا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحا) قال: ريح الصبا أرسلت على الأحزاب يوم الخندق، حتى كفأت قدورهم على أفواهها، ونـزعت فساطيطهم حتى أظعنتهم. وقوله: (وَجُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْها) قال: الملائكة ولم تقاتل يومئذ. حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة قوله: ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَاءَتْكُمْ جُنُودٌ فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا وَجُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا ) قال: يعني الملائكة، قال: نـزلت هذه الآية يوم الأحزاب وقد حصر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم شهرا فخندق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وأقبل أبو سفيان بقريش ومن تبعه من الناس، حتى نـزلوا بعقوة (2) رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأقبل عُيينة بن حصن، أحد بني بدر ومن تبعه من الناس حتى نـزلوا بعقوة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وكاتبت اليهود أبا سفيان وظاهروه، فقال حيث يقول الله تعالى: إِذْ جَاءُوكُمْ مِنْ فَوْقِكُمْ وَمِنْ أَسْفَلَ مِنْكُمْ فبعث الله عليهم الرعب والريح، فذكر لنا أنهم كانوا كلما أوقدوا نارا أطفأها الله، حتى لقد ذكر لنا أن سيد كلّ حيّ يقول: يا بني فلان هلمّ إليّ، حتى إذا اجتمعوا عنده فقال: النجاء النجاء، أتيتم لما بعث الله عليهم من الرعب. حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس قوله: (يا أيها الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ ...) الآية، قال: كان يوم أبي سفيان يوم الأحزاب. حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا سلمة، عن ابن إسحاق، قال: ثني يزيد بن رومان، في قول الله: ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَاءَتْكُمْ جُنُودٌ فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا وَجُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا ) والجنود: قريش وغطفان وبنو قريظة، وكانت الجنود التي أرسل الله عليهم مع الريح: الملائكة. وقوله: (وكانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْملُونَ بَصِيرًا) يقول تعالى ذكره: وكان الله بأعمالكم يومئذ، وذلك صبرهم على ما كانوا فيه من الجهد والشدّة، وثباتهم لعدوّهم، وغير ذلك من أعمالهم، بصيرا لا يخفى عليه من ذلك شيء، يحصيه عليهم، ليجزيهم عليه. ------------------------ الهوامش : (1) هويا، بهاء مفتوحة أو مضمومة، وياء مشددة، وهو الساعة الممتدة من الليل (اللسان: هوى). (2) العقوة: الساحة وما حول الدار. (عن اللسان: عقا).