Tafseer of The Family of Imraan · Aal-i-Imraan · 3:90
Indeed, those who reject the message after their belief and then increase in disbelief - never will their [claimed] repentance be accepted, and they are the ones astray.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of His word: Indeed, those who disbelieved after their belief and then increased in disbelief — their repentance will never be accepted, and it is they who are astray (3:90).
Abū Jaʿfar said: The exegetes differed concerning the explanation of this.
Some of them said: Allah, mighty and exalted, intended by His word "Indeed, those who disbelieved" those who disbelieved in some of His prophets who were sent before Muḥammad ﷺ, "after their belief, and then increased in disbelief" through their disbelief in Muḥammad, "their repentance will never be accepted," at the moment of the presence of death and the rattling of his soul.
Mention of who said that:
7372 — Muḥammad ibn Sinān related to me, saying: Abū Bakr al-Ḥanafī related to us, saying: ʿAbbād ibn Manṣūr related to us, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, concerning His word: "Indeed, those who disbelieved after their belief and then increased in disbelief — their repentance will never be accepted, and it is they who are astray," he said: the Jews and the Christians, their repentance will not be accepted at death.
7373 — Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: "Indeed, those who disbelieved after their belief and then increased in disbelief," these are the enemies of Allah, the Jews; they disbelieved in the Gospel (Injīl) and in Jesus, and then they increased in disbelief toward Muḥammad ﷺ and the Furqān.
7374 — al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: "and then they increased in disbelief," he said: they increased in disbelief until death overtook them, and their repentance was not accepted when death overtook them. Maʿmar said: and ʿAṭāʾ al-Khurāsānī said something similar.
7375 — al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: "Indeed, those who disbelieved after their belief and then increased in disbelief — their repentance will never be accepted, and it is they who are astray," and he said: they are the Jews; they disbelieved in the Gospel, and then they increased in disbelief when Allah sent Muḥammad ﷺ, and they denied him and gave him the lie.
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And others said: the meaning of this is: indeed, those of the People of the Book who disbelieved in Muḥammad, after their belief in their prophets, "and then increased in disbelief," that is: in sins, "their repentance will never be accepted" for their sins, while they persist in disbelief.
Mention of who said that:
7376 — al-Muthannā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb related to us, saying: Dāwūd related to us, on the authority of Rufayʿ: "Indeed, those who disbelieved after their belief and then increased in disbelief," they increased in sins while they were disbelievers, "their repentance will never be accepted" for those sins, so long as they remain in their disbelief and their error.
7377 — Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Ibn Abī ʿAdī related to us, on the authority of Dāwūd, he said: I asked Abū al-ʿĀliya, he said: I said: "Indeed, those who disbelieved after their belief and then increased in disbelief — their repentance will never be accepted"? He said: these are only these Christians and Jews who disbelieved, and then increased in disbelief through sins they committed; they repent of them while they remain in their disbelief.
7378 — ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn Bayān al-Sukkarī related to us, saying: Ibn Abī ʿAdī informed us, on the authority of Dāwūd, he said: I asked Abū al-ʿĀliya about: those who believed and then disbelieved, and he mentioned something similar.
7379 — Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Dāwūd related to us, saying: I asked Abū al-ʿĀliya about this verse: "Indeed, those who disbelieved after their belief and then increased in disbelief — their repentance will never be accepted, and it is they who are astray," he said: these are the Jews, the Christians, and the Magians (Majūs); they committed sins in their disbelief and wished to repent of them, but they do not repent of the disbelief. Do you not see that He says: "and it is they who are astray"?
7380 — Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Dāwūd, on the authority of Abū al-ʿĀliya, concerning His word: "their repentance will never be accepted," he said: they repented of some things, but they did not repent of the foundation.
7381 — It was related to me on the authority of ʿAmmār, he said: Ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Dāwūd ibn Abī Hind, on the authority of Abū al-ʿĀliya, concerning His word: "Indeed, those who disbelieved after their belief and then increased in disbelief," he said: these are the Jews and the Christians; they committed sins and then said: "we repent," while they are polytheists (mushrikīn). Allah, mighty and exalted, said: the repentance will not be accepted in the state of error.
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And others said: no, the meaning of this is: indeed, those who disbelieved after their belief in their prophets, "and then increased in disbelief," that is: by their increase in disbelief: their persistence in it, until they perished while persisting in it, "their repentance will never be accepted," their first repentance and their belief will not benefit them, because of their later disbelief and their death.
Mention of who said that:
7382 — al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of ʿIkrima, concerning His word: "and then they increased in disbelief," he said: they persisted in their disbelief. Ibn Jurayj said: "their repentance will never be accepted," he says: their belief from the first time will not benefit them.
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And others said: the meaning of His word "and then they increased in disbelief" is: they died as disbelievers, and that was their increase in their disbelief. And they said: the meaning of "their repentance will never be accepted" is: their repentance will not be accepted at their death.
Mention of who said that:
7383 — Muḥammad related to us, saying: Aḥmad related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: "Indeed, those who disbelieved after their belief and then increased in disbelief — their repentance will never be accepted, and it is they who are astray," as for "they increased in disbelief": they died while they were disbelievers. And as for "their repentance will never be accepted": that is at his death; when he repents, his repentance is not accepted.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: And the most correct of these statements concerning the explanation of this verse is the statement of him who said: "it refers to the Jews" — and that its explanation is: indeed, those among the Jews who disbelieved in Muḥammad ﷺ at his sending, after their belief in him before his sending, and then increased in disbelief through the sins they committed in their disbelief and their persistence in their error — their repentance for their sins which they committed in their disbelief will not be accepted, until they repent of their disbelief in Muḥammad ﷺ and return to repentance of it by affirming him in that with which he came from Allah.
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And we say only: "that is the most correct of the statements concerning this verse," because the verses before it and after it were revealed concerning them, so it is more correct that it be in the meaning of what is before it and after it, since it stands in one and the same connection.
And we say only: "the meaning of their increase in disbelief is: the sins they committed in their disbelief," because He — exalted is His praise — said: "their repentance will never be accepted," and thus it was known that the meaning of His word "their repentance will never be accepted" intends only this: their repentance will not be accepted for that in which they increased of disbelief upon their disbelief after their belief, not for their disbelief. For Allah, exalted is His mention, has promised that He accepts the repentance of His servants, and He said: And He it is who accepts repentance from His servants [sūrat al-Shūrā: 25]. It is thus impossible that He, mighty and exalted, would say: "I accept" and "I do not accept" with respect to one and the same matter. And since that is so — and it belongs to Allah's judgment concerning His servants that He accepts the repentance of everyone who repents of every sin, and disbelief after belief is one of those sins for which He has promised the acceptance of repentance with His word: except those who repented thereafter and amended, then indeed Allah is Forgiving, Merciful — it was known that the meaning for which repentance is not accepted is other than the meaning for which repentance is accepted. And since that is so, that for which repentance is not accepted is the increase upon disbelief after disbelief; Allah does not accept the repentance of the one who does that so long as he persists in his disbelief, because Allah does not accept any work from a polytheist (mushrik) so long as he persists in his shirk and his error. But if he repents of his shirk and his disbelief and amends, then Allah — as He has described Himself — is Forgiving, Merciful.
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If someone were to say: and what do you reject in the view that the meaning of this is as the one said who said: "his repentance of his disbelief will not be accepted at the presence of his end of life, just as neither his first repentance"?
Then it is said: we rejected that, because the repentance of the servant takes place only in the state of his life; as for after his death, there is no repentance, and Allah, mighty and exalted, has promised His servants the acceptance of repentance from them so long as their souls are in their bodies. And there is no disagreement among all the scholars of evidentiary proof that, if a disbeliever were to convert to Islam before the departure of his soul by the span of the blink of an eye, his ruling is the ruling of the Muslims regarding the prayer over him, the inheritance, and all the remaining provisions besides that. Thus it was known thereby that, if his repentance in that state were not accepted, his ruling would not pass from the ruling of the disbelievers to the ruling of the people of Islam; and there is no intermediate position between death and life of which it could be said: "Allah does not accept therein the repentance of the disbeliever." And since it is correct that it [repentance] is accepted in the state of his life, and there is no way to it after death, the statement is invalid of the one who claimed that it is not accepted at the presence of the end of life.
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And as for the statement of the one who claimed that the meaning of this is: "the repentance that existed before the disbelief," that is a statement without meaning. For Allah, mighty and exalted, did not describe the people with a belief that proceeded from them after a disbelief, and then a disbelief after a belief — rather, He described them only with a disbelief after a belief. That belief, then, was not preceded by a disbelief of which they would have repented in favor of belief, such that its explanation would be as the one who claimed that explained it. And the explanation of the Qurʾān according to what is present in the apparent meaning of the recitation — when there is no proof indicating a hidden, particular meaning — is to be preferred over the other, even if it is possible to direct it to another meaning.
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And as for His word "and it is they who are astray," by it He means: and these who disbelieved after their belief and then increased in disbelief, they are the ones who have abandoned the path of truth and missed its way, and abandoned the right path and the guidance of belief, out of confusion on their part and blindness to it.
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And we have already previously set forth the meaning of "going astray" sufficiently.