Tafseer of The Family of Imraan · Aal-i-Imraan · 3:69
A faction of the people of the Scripture wish they could mislead you. But they do not mislead except themselves, and they perceive [it] not.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of His word: وَدَّتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَوْ يُضِلُّونَكُمْ وَمَا يُضِلُّونَ إِلا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ (69) (A group of the People of the Book would wish that they could lead you astray, but they lead none astray except themselves, without their being aware of it.) (3:69)
Abū Jaʿfar said: By His word, exalted be His praise, "would wish" (waddat) He means: desired = "a group" (ṭāʾifa), that is, a community = "of the People of the Book" (ahl al-kitāb), and these are the people of the Torah among the Jews, and the people of the Gospel among the Christians = "that they could lead you astray," by which they say: so that they might turn you, O believers, away from Islam, and bring you back from it to the unbelief (kufr) upon which they themselves are, and thereby destroy you.
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And "the leading astray" (al-iḍlāl) means in this place: destruction (al-ihlāk), derived from the word of Allah, mighty and exalted: وَقَالُوا أَئِذَا ضَلَلْنَا فِي الأَرْضِ أَئِنَّا لَفِي خَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ [Surah As-Sajdah: 10] (And they said: "When we are lost in the earth, shall we then truly be in a new creation?"), by which is meant: when we have perished. And to this belongs the saying of al-Akhṭal in his lampoon against Jarīr:
You were the speck of dust on the wave of a turbid, foaming stream, the flood cast it down, and it perished utterly.
That is: it was destroyed, a total ruin. And the saying of Nābigha of the Banū Dhubyān:
Thus his destroyers returned with certain knowledge, and on the Jawlān resolve and generosity were abandoned.
By which he means: his destroyers.
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= "but they lead none astray except themselves," that is: and they destroy — by what they do in their attempt to turn you away from your religion — none except themselves. By "themselves" He means: their followers and their adherents in their religious community and their religions. And they have destroyed only themselves and their followers by what they pursued of that, because by this conduct they brought down upon themselves Allah's displeasure and thereby earned His wrath and His curse, on account of their unbelief in Allah, and their breaking of the covenant which Allah had taken from them in their Book, concerning following the Prophet ﷺ, and holding him to be truthful, and acknowledging his prophethood.
Then He informed, exalted be His praise, concerning them that they do what they do — namely the attempt to turn the believers away from guidance toward error and ruin — out of ignorance on their part regarding the standing they hold with Allah as to His chastisement, and regarding what He has stored up for them of His painful chastisement (ʿadhāb). Therefore He said, exalted be His remembrance: "without their being aware of it," that they lead none astray except themselves, by their attempt to lead you astray, O believers.
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And the meaning of His word "without their being aware of it" is: without their perceiving it and without their knowing it.
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And we have already set forth the explanation of that with its proofs in another place, so that this absolves us from repeating it.