Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The explanation of the saying of Allah: وَيُعَلِّمُهُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَالتَّوْرَاةَ وَالإِنْجِيلَ ("And He will teach him the Book, wisdom, the Torah and the Gospel") (3:48).

   Abū Jaʿfar said: The reciters differ over the recitation of this.

   The general reciters of the Ḥijāz and Medina, as well as some of the reciters of Kūfa, recite it as (وَيُعَلِّمُهُ) with the yāʾ ("and He will teach him"), tracing this back to His saying: كَذَلِكِ اللَّهُ يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ ("Thus does Allah create what He wills"), "وَيُعَلِّمُهُ الْكِتَابَ" ("and He will teach him the Book"). Thus they joined the statement in His saying "ويعلمه" ("and He will teach him") after the pattern of the statement in His saying يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ ("He creates what He wills") and His saying فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ ("He only says to it: Be, and it is").

   * * *

   The general reciters of Kūfa and some of Basra recite it as (وَنُعَلِّمُهُ) with the nūn ("and We will teach him"), connecting it with His saying نُوحِيهِ إِلَيْكَ ("which We reveal to you"), as if He said: ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَنْبَاءِ الْغَيْبِ نُوحِيهِ إِلَيْكَ ("That is from the tidings of the unseen which We reveal to you"), "ونعلمه الكتاب" ("and We will teach him the Book"). And they said: what follows نُوحِيهِ ("which We reveal") belongs to its subordinate clause up to His saying كُنْ فَيَكُونُ ("Be, and it is"); then He connected His saying "ونعلمه" ("and We will teach him") with it.

   * * *

   Abū Jaʿfar said: The correct judgment concerning this is, in our view, that they are two different recitations which do not differ in meaning. With whichever of the two the reciter recites, he attains the correct course therein, on account of the agreement of the meaning of both recitations: namely that it is a statement from Allah that He teaches ʿĪsā the Book, and what has been mentioned that He teaches him.

   * * *

   This is the beginning of a statement from Allah, Mighty and Exalted is He, to Maryam concerning what He would do with the child whom He announced to her, in terms of honor, elevation of rank, and excellence. Thus He said: Thus will Allah create from you a child, without a male member and without a husband, and He will teach him the Book, and that is the writing that he writes with his hand = and wisdom, and that is the Sunna which He reveals to him apart from a book = and the Torah, and that is the Torah which was sent down upon Mūsā, which had been among them since the time of Mūsā = and the Gospel, the Gospel of ʿĪsā, which had not existed before him, but Allah informed Maryam before the creation of ʿĪsā that He would reveal it to him.

   He informed her of that and named it for her by name, because she had already known from what had been sent down in the Books that Allah would send a prophet to whom He would reveal a book named the Gospel. Thus Allah, Mighty and Exalted is He, informed her that this prophet — Allah's peace and blessings be upon him — whose description she had heard, and concerning whom He had promised His prophets before her that there would be sent down to him the Book that is called the Gospel, was the child whom He bestowed upon her and announced to her.

   * * *

   In agreement with what we have said concerning this, a group of the exegetes spoke.

   Mention of who said that:

   7080 - Al-Qāsim related to me, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, saying: Ibn Jurayj said: "ونعلمه الكتاب" ("and We will teach him the Book"), he said: with his hand.

   7081 - Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: "ونعلمه الكتاب والحكمة" ("and We will teach him the Book and wisdom"), he said: wisdom is the Sunna.

   7082 - Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Qatāda concerning His saying: "ونعلمه الكتاب والحكمة والتوراة والإنجيل" ("and We will teach him the Book, wisdom, the Torah and the Gospel"), he said: "wisdom" is the Sunna = "and the Torah and the Gospel," he said: ʿĪsā used to recite the Torah and the Gospel.

   7083 - Al-Qāsim related to me, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj: "ونعلمه الكتاب والحكمة" ("and We will teach him the Book and wisdom"), he said: wisdom is the Sunna.

   7084 - Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar ibn al-Zubayr, he said: He informed her — that is, Allah informed Maryam — of what He intended with him, and said: "ويعلمه الكتاب والحكمة والتوراة" ("and He will teach him the Book, wisdom and the Torah") which had been among them since the time of Mūsā = "and the Gospel," another book that He would newly reveal to him, of which they had no knowledge, except the mention of it that it would exist among the prophets before him.

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله : وَيُعَلِّمُهُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَالتَّوْرَاةَ وَالإِنْجِيلَ (48) قال أبو جعفر: اختلفت القرأةُ في قراءة ذلك. فقرأته عامة قرأة الحجاز والمدينة وبعض قرأة الكوفيين: (وَيُعلِّمُهُ) بالياء، ردًّا على قوله: كَذَلِكِ اللَّهُ يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ ،" وَيُعَلِّمُهُ الْكِتَابَ "، فألحقوا الخبرَ في قوله: " ويعلمه "، بنظير الخبر في قوله: يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ ، وقوله: فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ . * * * وقرأ ذلك عامة قرأة الكوفيين وبعض البصريين: (وَنُعَلِّمُهُ) بالنون، عطفًا به على قوله: نُوحِيهِ إِلَيْكَ ، كأنه قال: ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَنْبَاءِ الْغَيْبِ نُوحِيهِ إِلَيْكَ ونعلمه الكتاب ". وقالوا: ما بعد نُوحِيهِ في صلته إلى قوله: كُنْ فَيَكُونُ ، ثم عطف بقوله: " ونعلمه " عليه. * * * قال أبو جعفر: والصواب من القول في ذلك عندنا أنهما قراءتان مختلفتان، غير مختلفتي المعاني، فبأيتهما قرأ القارئ فهو مصيب الصوابَ في ذلك، لاتفاق معنى القراءتين، في أنه خبر عن الله بأنّه يعلم عيسى الكتاب، وما ذكر أنه يعلمه. * * * وهذا ابتداء خبر من الله عز وجل لمريم ما هو فاعلٌ بالولد الذي بشَّرها به من الكرامة ورفعة المنـزلة والفضيلة، فقال: كذلك الله يخلق منك ولدًا، من غير فحل ولا بعل، فيعلمه الكتاب، وهو الخطّ الذي يخطه بيده = والحكمة، وهي السنة التي يُوحيها إليه في غير كتاب = والتوراة، وهي التوراة التي أنـزلت على موسى، كانت فيهم من عهد موسى = والإنجيل، إنجيل عيسى ولم يكن قبله، ولكن الله أخبر مريمَ قبل خلق عيسى أنه مُوحيه إليه. وإنما أخبرها بذلك فسَّماه لها، لأنها قد كانت علمت فيما نـزل من الكتب أن الله باعثٌ نبيًا، يوحى إليه كتابًا اسمه الإنجيل، فأخبرها الله عز وجل أن ذلك النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم الذي سَمعت بصفته الذي وعد أنبياءه من قبل أنه منـزل عليه الكتاب الذي يسمى إنجيلا هو الولد الذي وهبه لها وبشَّرها به. * * * وبنحو ما قلنا في ذلك قال جماعة من أهل التأويل. ذكر من قال ذلك: 7080 - حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثني حجاج قال، قال ابن جريج: " ونعلمه الكتاب "، قال: بيده. 7081 - حدثنا بشر قال، حدثنا يزيد قال، حدثنا سعيد، عن قتادة: " ونعلمه الكتاب والحكمة "، قال: الحكمة السنة. 7082 - حدثنا المثنى قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا عبد الله بن أبي جعفر، عن أبيه، عن قتادة في قوله: " ونعلمه الكتاب والحكمة والتوراة والإنجيل "، قال: " الحكمة " السنة =" والتوراة والإنجيل "، قال: كان عيسى يقرأ التوراةَ والإنجيل. 7083 - حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج: " ونعلمه الكتاب والحكمة "، قال: الحكمة السنة. 7084 - حدثنا ابن حميد قال، حدثنا سلمة، عن ابن إسحاق، عن محمد بن جعفر بن الزبير قال: أخبرها - يعني أخبر الله مريم - ما يريد به فقال: " ويعلمه الكتاب والحكمة والتوراة " التي كانت فيهم من عهد موسى =" والإنجيل "، كتابًا آخر أحدثه إليه لم يكن عندهم علمه، إلا ذِكرُه أنه كائن من الأنبياء قبله. (16) ----------------------------- الهوامش : (16) الأثر: 7084- سيرة ابن هشام 2: 230 ، من تمام الآثار التي آخرها رقم: 7079. وفي ابن هشام: "لم يكن عندهم إلا ذكره أنه كائن من الأنبياء بعده" ، أسقط"علمه" ومكان"قبله""بعده" ، والصواب فيها نص الطبري في روايته عن ابن إسحاق.