Tafseer of The Family of Imraan · Aal-i-Imraan · 3:194
Our Lord, and grant us what You promised us through Your messengers and do not disgrace us on the Day of Resurrection. Indeed, You do not fail in [Your] promise."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Exposition of the interpretation of His word: رَبَّنَا وَآتِنَا مَا وَعَدْتَنَا عَلَى رُسُلِكَ وَلا تُخْزِنَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِنَّكَ لا تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ (194) ("Our Lord, grant us what You have promised us through Your messengers, and do not disgrace us on the Day of Resurrection. Truly, You do not break the promise.")
Abū Jaʿfar said: If a speaker were to ask us: what is the meaning of these people asking their Lord to grant them what He has promised them, when they knew that Allah fulfills His promise and that it is not permissible for any breaking of the promise to proceed from Him? Then the answer is: the people of investigation (the scholastic thinkers) differ about that.
Some of them said: it is a statement which takes the form of a request, but whose meaning is an assertion. They said: for the interpretation of the words is: رَبَّنَا إِنَّنَا سَمِعْنَا مُنَادِيًا يُنَادِي لِلإِيمَانِ أَنْ آمِنُوا بِرَبِّكُمْ فَآمَنَّا رَبَّنَا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا وَكَفِّرْ عَنَّا سَيِّئَاتِنَا وَتَوَفَّنَا مَعَ الأَبْرَارِ ("Our Lord, truly, we heard a caller calling to faith (īmān): 'Believe in your Lord', and we believed. Our Lord, then forgive us our sins and wipe away from us our evil deeds and let us die with the righteous") — that You may grant us what You have promised us through Your messengers and may not disgrace us on the Day of Resurrection. They said: and it is not that they said: "If You let us die with the righteous, then fulfill for us what You have promised us", for they knew that Allah does not break the promise, and that what He has promised through His messengers He does not grant by means of the supplication, but rather He grants it out of grace, by taking the initiative to it, and then fulfills it.
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And others said: no, it is a statement of its speakers in the sense of a request and a supplication to Allah, that He may make them among those to whom He has granted the honorable treatment which He promised them through His messengers — not that they themselves had earned the rank of honorable treatment with Allah and then asked Him to grant them what He had promised them after they knew that they had earned it for themselves, such that this would be a request from them to their Lord not to break His promise. They said: and if the people had only asked their Lord to grant them what He has promised the righteous, then they would have purified themselves and testified for themselves that they were among those who had earned the honorable treatment of Allah and His reward. They said: and that is not the characteristic of the people of excellence among the believers.
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And others said: no, they made this statement in the sense of a request and a longing on their part to Allah, that He might grant them what He has promised them of victory over their enemies among the people of unbelief (kufr), and triumph over them, and the raising of the word of truth above falsehood, so that He might hasten that for them. They said: and it is impossible that the people — given the description with which Allah has described them — would not have the certainty that Allah does not break the promise, such that for that reason they would direct a longing to Allah, whose praise is exalted; but rather they had been promised the victory without a time being fixed for them for the hastening of it, because of the joy of triumph and the rest of the body that lies in the hastening of it.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: and that which, in my opinion, comes nearest to the correct view about it, is that this description is the description of whoever among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ emigrated from his homeland and his dwelling, separating himself from the people of ascribing partners to Allah (shirk), toward Allah and His Messenger — and of the rest among the followers of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who directed a longing to Allah to hasten their victory over the enemies of Allah and their own enemies, and who said: our Lord, grant us what You have promised us of Your victory over them, speedily, for truly, You do not break the promise; but we have no patience with Your delay and Your forbearance toward them, so hasten [for them] their humiliation and for us the triumph over them.
The correctness of that is indicated by the conclusion of the other verse, namely His word: فَاسْتَجَابَ لَهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ أَنِّي لا أُضِيعُ عَمَلَ عَامِلٍ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى بَعْضُكُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا وَأُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأُوذُوا فِي سَبِيلِي وَقَاتَلُوا وَقُتِلُوا ("So their Lord answered them: truly, I do not let the work of any worker among you be lost, male or female; you are from one another. So those who emigrated and were driven out of their dwellings and who were harmed in My way and who fought and were killed...") and the verses that follow it. And that is in no respect what those went to whose statement I have reported. That is because it does not occur in the language of the Arabs that one says: "Do for us, O Lord, such and such", in the meaning of: "that You may do such and such for us". And if that were permissible, then it would be permissible for the speaker to say to another: "Come to me and speak with me", in the meaning of: "Come to me that you may speak with me"; and that does not occur in the language, and its permissibility is not known.
And likewise it is not known in the language: "Grant us what You have promised us", in the meaning of: "Make us among those to whom You have granted that". And although everyone to whom something exalted is given is thereby made equal to him who has been like him in the meaning in which it was given to him, that is nevertheless not the obvious sense of the meaning of the words, even if its meaning may issue in that.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: the interpretation of the words is then: our Lord, give us what You have promised us through Your messengers: that You raise Your word, the word of truth, by aiding us against whoever denies You, opposes You, and worships another than You — and hasten that for us, for truly, we know that You do not break Your promise — and do not disgrace us on the Day of Resurrection by putting us to shame because of our sins which we have committed before, but wipe them away for us and forgive them us. And it has already been transmitted:
8366 - Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, concerning His word: "Our Lord, and grant us what You have promised us through Your messengers", he said: he asks for the fulfillment of what Allah has promised through His messengers.