Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   Exposition of the interpretation of His word, the Exalted: هُمْ دَرَجَاتٌ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ (163) ("They are of varying ranks with Allah, and Allah is All-Seeing of what they do.")

   Abū Jaʿfar said: Allah, whose remembrance is exalted, means thereby that he who pursues the good pleasure of Allah and he who has called down upon himself the wrath of Allah occupy differing ranks with Allah. For him who pursues the good pleasure of Allah there is honorable treatment and abundant reward; and for him who has called down upon himself the wrath of Allah there is humiliation and the painful punishment (ʿadhāb), as in the following:

   8172 - Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq: "They are of varying ranks with Allah, and Allah is All-Seeing of what they do," that is to say: for each one there are ranks according to what they have done, in Paradise (janna) and in the Fire (al-nār). Indeed, from Allah he who obeys Him is not hidden with respect to him who disobeys Him.

   8173 - Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: "They are of varying ranks with Allah," he says: according to their deeds.

   * * *

   And others said: the meaning of that is: for them there are ranks with Allah, that is to say: for him who pursues the good pleasure of Allah there are honorable dwelling-places with Allah.

   *Mention of those who said that:

   8174 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to us, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, on the authority of ʿĪsā, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid concerning His word: "They are of varying ranks with Allah," he said: this is like His word: ("For them there are ranks with Allah.")

   8175 - Muḥammad related to us, saying: Aḥmad related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: "They are of varying ranks with Allah," he says: for them there are ranks with Allah.

   * * *

   And it was said: His word "They are of varying ranks" is like the saying of the speaker: "They are classes," as Ibn Harma said:

   Is it a target for the decrees of fate that my people should be for the vicissitudes of time, or are they like the coursing of the torrents?

   * * *

   As for His word "and Allah is All-Seeing of what they do," it means: and Allah possesses knowledge of what those who obey Him and those who disobey Him perform; nothing of their deeds remains hidden from Him. He reckons up the deeds of both parties together, until every soul among them is fully requited for what it has earned of good and evil, as in the following:

   8176 - Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq: "and Allah is All-Seeing of what they do," he says: indeed, from Allah he who obeys Him is not hidden with respect to him who disobeys Him.

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : هُمْ دَرَجَاتٌ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ (163) قال أبو جعفر: يعني تعالى ذكره بذلك: أنّ من اتبع رضوان الله ومن باء بسخَط من الله، مختلفو المنازل عند الله. فلمن اتبع رضوان الله، الكرامةُ والثواب الجزيل، ولمن باء بسخط من الله، المهانةُ والعقاب الأليم، كما:- 8172- حدثنا ابن حميد قال، حدثنا سلمة، عن ابن إسحاق: " هم درجات عند الله والله بصير بما يعملون "، أي: لكلٍّ درجات مما عملوا في الجنة والنار، إنّ الله لا يخفى عليه أهل طاعته من أهل معصيته. (63) . 8173- حدثني محمد بن سعد قال، حدثني أبي قال، حدثني عمي قال، حدثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس: " هم درجات عند الله "، يقول: بأعمالهم. * * * وقال آخرون: معنى ذلك: لهم درجات عند الله، يعني: لمن اتبع رضوان الله منازلُ عند الله كريمة. *ذكر من قال ذلك: 8174- حدثنا محمد بن عمرو قال، حدثنا أبو عاصم، عن عيسى، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد في قوله: " هم درجات عند الله "، قال: هي كقوله: ( " لَهُمْ دَرَجَاتٌ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ " ). 8175- حدثنا محمد قال، حدثنا أحمد قال، حدثنا أسباط، عن السدي: " هم درجات عند الله "، يقول: لهم درجاتٌ عند الله. * * * وقيل: قوله " هم درجات " كقول القائل: " هم طبقات "، (64) كما قال ابن هَرْمة: أرَجْمًــا لِلْمَنُــونِ يَكُــونُ قَـوْمي لِــرَيْبِ الدَّهْــرِ أَمْ دَرَجُ السّــيولِ (65) * * * وأما قوله: " والله بصير بما يعملون "، فإنه يعني: والله ذو علم بما يعمل أهل طاعته ومعصيته، لا يخفى عليه من أعمالهم شيء، يحصى على الفريقين جميعًا أعمالهم، حتى توفى كل نفس منهم جزاء ما كسبت من خير وشر، كما:- 8176- حدثنا ابن حميد قال، حدثنا سلمة، عن ابن إسحاق: " والله بصير بما يعملون "، يقول: إن الله لا يخفى عليه أهل طاعته من أهل معصيته. (66) . ------------------- الهوامش : (60) الأثر: 8171- سيرة ابن هشام 3: 124 ، وهو تتمة الآثار التي آخرها: 8168 ، وفي بعض لفظه اختلاف يسير. (61) انظر تفسير"باء" فيما سلف 2: 138 ، 345 / ثم 7: 116. (62) انظر تفسير"المصير" فيما سلف 3: 56 / 6 : 128 ، 317. وسياق الجملة: "وبئس المصير. . . جهنم" وما بينهما تفسير"المصير". (63) الأثر: 8172- سيرة ابن هشام 3: 124 ، وهو تتمة الآثار التي آخرها: 8171. (64) انظر تفسير درجة فيما سلف 4: 533 - 536. (65) مضى تخريجه وشرحه فيما سلف 2:547 ، 548 ، والاستشهاد بهذا البيت لمعنى الدفع ، غريب من مثل أبي جعفر ، فراجع شرح البيت هناك. (66) الأثر: 8176- سيرة ابن هشام 3: 124 ، وهو تتمة الآثار التي آخرها: 8172 ، وجزء منه.