Tafseer of The Family of Imraan · Aal-i-Imraan · 3:12
Say to those who disbelieve, "You will be overcome and gathered together to Hell, and wretched is the resting place."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of His statement: قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا سَتُغْلَبُونَ وَتُحْشَرُونَ إِلَى جَهَنَّمَ وَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ (Say to those who disbelieve: "You shall be overcome and driven together to Hell (jahannam), and how wretched is that resting place!") (3:12)
Abū Jaʿfar said: The reciters differed concerning this.
Some read it: ( قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا سَتُغْلَبُونَ وَتُحْشَرُونَ ) with the tāʾ ("you shall be overcome and you shall be driven together"), as a direct address to those who disbelieve, namely that they shall be overcome. In support of their choice to read it with the tāʾ, they adduced His statement: قَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ آيَةٌ فِي فِئَتَيْنِ ("There was indeed a sign for you in two troops"). They said: In this lies a proof that His statement "you shall be overcome" is likewise an address to them. And that is the reading of the general body of reciters of the Ḥijāz and of Basra and of a portion of the Kūfans. It is, however, permissible for whoever, in this verse, intends that those to whom it is promised that they shall be overcome are the very same as those whom the Prophet ﷺ was commanded to address with this — that he may read it both with the yāʾ and with the tāʾ. For the address by means of the revelation, when it descended, was directed to others than them. Then it resembles the statement of one in ordinary usage: "I said to the people: Verily, you are overcome," and "I said to them: Verily, they are overcome." It has been mentioned that in the reading of ʿAbd Allāh it stands: ( قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ تَنْتَهُوا يُغْفَرُ لَكُمْ ) [Sūrah al-Anfāl: 38], whereas in our reading it runs: إِنْ يَنْتَهُوا يُغْفَرْ لَهُمْ ("If they desist, it will be forgiven them").
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A group of the reciters of Kūfa read it: ( سَيُغْلَبُونَ وَيُحْشَرُونَ ) ("they shall be overcome and they shall be driven together"), in the meaning: Say to the Jews: the polytheists (mushrikīn) of the Arabs shall be overcome and driven together to Hell (jahannam). And whoever reads it thus according to this interpretation, for him nothing other than the yāʾ is permissible in his reading.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: And the reading which we prefer in this matter is the reading of him who reads it with the tāʾ, in the meaning: Say, O Muḥammad, to those who disbelieve among the Jews of the Banū Isrāʾīl, who follow that which is ambiguous of the verses of the Book that I have sent down to you, out of a desire for tribulation and out of a desire for its interpretation: "You shall be overcome and driven together to Hell (jahannam), and how wretched is that resting place!"
And we have preferred this reading over reading it with the yāʾ, because of the indication of His statement: قَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ آيَةٌ فِي فِئَتَيْنِ ("There was indeed a sign for you in two troops"), that they are addressed by His statement "you shall be overcome" in the same manner as they are addressed in His statement "There was indeed for you." Thus, joining an address to an address of the same kind is more fitting than joining it to its opposite, namely a report about an absent party.
= And a second reason is that:
6666 — Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Yūnus ibn Bukayr related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq, who said: Muḥammad ibn Abī Muḥammad, the freedman of Zayd, related to me, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr or ʿIkrima, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had struck the Quraysh on the day of Badr and came to Medina, he gathered the Jews in the market of the Banū Qaynuqāʿ. He said: "O assembly of Jews, become Muslims before there befalls you the like of what befell the Quraysh!" They said: "O Muḥammad, do not let yourself be deceived by the fact that you have killed a handful of the Quraysh who were inexperienced and did not know warfare; by Allah, if you were to fight against us, you would know that we are the true men, and that you have never encountered the likes of us!" Then Allah, mighty and exalted is He, sent down concerning this, in response to their statement: "Say to those who disbelieve: You shall be overcome and driven together to Hell, and how wretched is that resting place!" up to His statement: لأُولِي الأَبْصَارِ ("for those who have insight").
6667 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq related to us, on the authority of ʿĀṣim ibn ʿUmar ibn Qatāda, who said: When Allah had struck the Quraysh on the day of Badr, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gathered the Jews in the market of the Banū Qaynuqāʿ when he came to Medina = then he mentioned something similar to the narration of Abū Kurayb, on the authority of Yūnus.
6668 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, who said: The matter with the affair of the Banū Qaynuqāʿ was that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gathered them in the market of the Banū Qaynuqāʿ, and then said: "O assembly of Jews, beware of Allah, of the like of the retribution that has struck the Quraysh, and become Muslims, for you have indeed acknowledged that I am a sent prophet; you find that in your Book and in Allah's covenant with you!" They said: "O Muḥammad, you suppose that we are like your people! Do not let yourself be deceived by the fact that you have met a people who had no knowledge of war, so that you seized an opportunity against them! By Allah, if we fight against you, you shall surely know that we are the true men."
6669 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Abī Muḥammad, the freedman of the family of Zayd ibn Thābit, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr or ʿIkrima, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: These verses were sent down concerning none other than them: "Say to those who disbelieve: You shall be overcome and driven together to Hell, and how wretched is that resting place!" up to: لأُولِي الأَبْصَارِ ("for those who have insight").
6670 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of ʿIkrima, concerning His statement: "Say to those who disbelieve: You shall be overcome and driven together to Hell, and how wretched is that resting place!", he said: Finḥāṣ the Jew said on the day of Badr: "Let Muḥammad not be deceived by the fact that he has overcome and killed the Quraysh! The Quraysh do not understand warfare well!" Then this verse was sent down: "Say to those who disbelieve: You shall be overcome and driven together to Hell, and how wretched is that resting place!"
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Abū Jaʿfar said: All these reports thus indicate that those who are addressed with His statement "You shall be overcome and driven together to Hell, and how wretched is that resting place!" are the Jews to whom it is said: قَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ آيَةٌ فِي فِئَتَيْنِ ("There was indeed a sign for you in two troops"), the verse — and this shows that reading it with the tāʾ is more fitting than reading it with the yāʾ.
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And the meaning of His statement "and you shall be driven together" is: and you shall be gathered, and thus conveyed to Hell (jahannam).
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And as for His statement "and how wretched is that resting place": and how wretched is the bed, namely Hell (jahannam) to which you are driven. And Mujāhid used to say as follows:
6671 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, on the authority of ʿĪsā, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His statement "and how wretched is that resting place," he said: How wretched is what they have prepared for themselves.
6672 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, saying: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, something similar.