Tabari

Tafseer of The Criterion · Al-Furqaan · 25:72

وَٱلَّذِينَ لَا يَشْهَدُونَ ٱلزُّورَ وَإِذَا مَرُّوا۟ بِٱللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا۟ كِرَامًۭا

And [they are] those who do not testify to falsehood, and when they pass near ill speech, they pass by with dignity.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    The exegetes have differed among themselves over the meaning of the mendacious vanity (al-zūr) by which Allah describes these people as not being witnesses of it. Some said: its meaning is shirk (the ascribing of partners to Allah).

    — Mention of who said that:

    Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Abū ʿĀmir related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Juwaybir, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk, concerning His word لا يَشْهَدُونَ الزُّورَ — he said: shirk.

    Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word وَالَّذِينَ لا يَشْهَدُونَ الزُّورَ — he said: these are the Emigrants (al-muhājirūn); the zūr is their statement about their gods and their glorification of them.

    Others said: by it music and song are meant.

    — Mention of who said that:

    ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā al-Muḥāribī related to me, saying: Muḥammad ibn Marwān related to us, on the authority of Layth, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word وَالَّذِينَ لا يَشْهَدُونَ الزُّورَ — he said: they do not listen to song.

    Others said: it is the false statement, the lie.

    — Mention of who said that:

    Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, concerning His word وَالَّذِينَ لا يَشْهَدُونَ الزُّورَ — he said: the lie.

    Abū Jaʿfar said: the origin of zūr is the making of something appear beautiful and describing it with the contrary of its true nature, until it gives the one who hears or sees it the impression that it is other than it is. Shirk falls under this, for it is made to appear beautiful to its adherents until they suppose that it is the truth, while it is a falsehood. Song and music fall under it as well, for that too is adorned by the embellishment of the voice, until the listener listens to it with pleasure. And the lie likewise falls under it, for its maker makes it appear beautiful until its practitioner supposes that it is the truth. All of this, then, falls under the meaning of zūr.

    If that is so, the most fitting interpretation of this is to say: they are not witnesses of any falsehood — neither shirk, nor music, nor lie, nor anything else — and of everything to which the name zūr applies. For Allah described it in broad terms by saying that they are not witnesses of the zūr; nothing of it may therefore be excepted unless there is binding proof from a transmitted report or from reason.

    His word وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا : the exegetes have differed among themselves over the meaning of al-laghw (the vain talk) mentioned here. Some said: its meaning is: what the polytheists inflicted upon the believers of hurtful words and utterances. Their passing by it with dignity (kirāman) is their turning away from it and overlooking it.

    — Mention of who said that:

    Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا — he said: they overlooked it.

    Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا — he said: when they were hurt, they passed by with dignity; he said: they overlooked it.

    Others said: its meaning is: when they passed by a mention of sexual intercourse, they refrained from it.

    — Mention of who said that:

    Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Hushaym related to us, saying: al-ʿAwwām ibn Ḥawshab informed us, on the authority of Mujāhid: وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا — he said: when sexual intercourse was brought up, they refrained from it.

    Al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ashyab related to us, saying: Hushaym related to us, saying: al-ʿAwwām ibn Ḥawshab informed us, on the authority of Mujāhid: وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا — he said: when they came upon the mention of sexual intercourse, they refrained from it.

    Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: al-Muʿtamir related to us, on the authority of Abū Makhzūm, on the authority of Sayyār: وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا — when they passed by obscenity, they refrained.

    Others said: when they passed by the falsehood that the polytheists performed, they passed by as people who reproved it.

    — Mention of who said that:

    Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا — he said: these are the Emigrants; the laghw is the falsehood that they perform, that is, the polytheists; and he recited: فَاجْتَنِبُوا الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الأَوْثَانِ .

    Others said: by laghw here all acts of disobedience are meant.

    — Mention of who said that:

    Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, concerning His word وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا — he said: the laghw in its entirety: all acts of disobedience.

    Abū Jaʿfar said: The most fitting interpretation of this, in my judgment, is to say that Allah has informed us about these believers whom He has praised that, when they pass by the laghw, they do so with dignity. The laghw in Arabic is every word or deed that is false and has no substance or basis, or what is considered reprehensible — as when someone reviles another with untruths without basis: that is of the laghw. The direct mention of sexual intercourse is in some contexts something reprehensible, and so belongs to the laghw. Likewise the glorification by the polytheists of their gods, which is a falsehood without basis in the manner in which they glorified them. And listening to song is something held to be reprehensible among people of religion, and so all of this falls under the meaning of laghw. There is then no ground — now that all of this deserves the name laghw — to say that only a part of it is meant to the exclusion of another part, when there is no particular proof for that from a transmitted report or from reason. If that is so, the interpretation of the words is: when they pass by the falsehood, hear it or see it, they pass by with dignity — their passing by with dignity in the case of some of it consists in their not listening to it, as with song; in the case of some of it it consists in their turning away and overlooking it, namely when they are hurt by hearing hurtful words; in the case of some of it it consists in their forbidding it — namely when they see a reprehensible thing that can be changed with words, and they then change it with words; and in the case of some of it it consists in their striking at it with swords, namely when they see a group attacking another group and the plundered call upon them for help, and they then come to their aid. All of this is their passing by with dignity.

    Ibn Bashshār related to me, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Muslim related to us, on the authority of Ibrāhīm ibn Maysara, who said: Ibn Masʿūd passed hurriedly by an entertainment, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "How dignified Ibn Masʿūd has become."

    It has been said that this verse is Meccan.

    — Mention of who said that:

    Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, saying: I heard al-Suddī say: وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا — he said: it is Meccan. What al-Suddī meant by this — Allah willing — is that Allah abrogated this by commanding the believers to fight the polytheists with His word: فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ , and by commanding them that when they pass by the laghw which is shirk, they fight its leaders; and when they pass by the laghw which is disobedience to Allah, they change it. That was not commanded to them at Mecca. This interpretation resembles the interpretation which we have given.

    Show original Arabic
    اختلف أهل التأويل في معنى الزور الذي وصف الله هؤلاء القوم بأنهم لا يشهدونه, فقال بعضهم: معناه الشرك بالله. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا ابن بشار, قال: ثنا أبو عامر, قال: ثنا سفيان, عن جويبر, عن الضحاك, في قوله: ( لا يَشْهَدُونَ الزُّورَ ) قال: الشرك. حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: قال ابن زيد, في قوله: ( وَالَّذِينَ لا يَشْهَدُونَ الزُّورَ ) قال: هؤلاء المهاجرون, قال: والزور قولهم لآلهتهم, وتعظيمهم إياها. وقال آخرون: بل عني به الغناء. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني علي بن عبد الأعلى المحاربيّ قال: ثنا محمد بن مروان, عن ليث, عن مجاهد في قوله: ( وَالَّذِينَ لا يَشْهَدُونَ الزُّورَ ) قال: لا يسمعون الغناء. وقال آخرون: هو قول الكذب. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثني حجاج, عن ابن جُرَيج, قوله: ( وَالَّذِينَ لا يَشْهَدُونَ الزُّورَ ) قال: الكذب. قال أبو جعفر: وأصل الزور تحسين الشيء, ووصفه بخلاف صفته, حتى يخيل إلى من يسمعه أو يراه, أنه خلاف ما هو به, والشرك قد يدخل في ذلك, لأنه محسَّن لأهله, حتى قد ظنوا أنه حق, وهو باطل, ويدخل فيه الغناء, لأنه أيضا مما يحسنه ترجيع الصوت, حتى يستحلي سامعه سماعه, والكذب أيضا قد يدخل فيه لتحسين صاحبه إياه, حتى يظنّ صاحبه أنه حق, فكل ذلك مما يدخل في معنى الزور. فإذا كان ذلك كذلك, فأولى الأقوال بالصواب في تأويله أن يقال: والذين لا يشهدون شيئا من الباطل لا شركا, ولا غناء, ولا كذبا ولا غيره, وكلّ ما لزمه اسم الزور, لأن الله عمّ في وصفه إياهم أنهم لا يشهدون الزور, فلا ينبغي أن يخص من ذلك شيء إلا بحجة يجب التسليم لها, من خبر أو عقل. وقوله: ( وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا ) اختلف أهل التأويل في معنى اللغو الذي ذُكر في هذا الموضع, فقال بعضهم: معناه: ما كان المشركون يقولونه للمؤمنين, ويكلمونهم به من الأذى. ومرورهم به كراما إعراضهم عنهم وصفحهم. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني محمد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا عيسى; وحدثني الحارث, قال: ثنا الحسن, قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد, قوله: ( وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا ) قال: صفحوا. حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثني حجاج, عن ابن جُرَيج, عن مجاهد, قوله: ( وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا ) قال: إذا أوذوا مرّوا كراما, قال: صفحوا. وقال آخرون: بل معناه: وإذا مرّوا بذكر النكاح, كفوا عنه. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا القاسم, قال: ثنا الحسين, قال: ثنا هشيم, قال: أخبرنا العوام بن حوشب, عن مجاهد ( وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا ) قال: إذا ذكروا النكاح كفوا عنه. حدثني الحارث, قال: ثنا الأشيب, قال: ثنا هشيم, قال: أخبرنا العوّام بن حوشب, عن مجاهد، ( وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا ) قال: كانوا إذا أتوا على ذكر النكاح كفوا عنه. حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا المعتمر, عن أبي مخزوم, عن سيار ( وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا ) إذا مرّوا بالرفث كفُّوا. وقال آخرون: إذا مرّوا بما كان المشركون فيه من الباطل مرّوا منكرين له. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: قال ابن زيد, في قوله: ( وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا ) قال: هؤلاء المهاجرون, واللغو ما كانوا فيه من الباطل, يعني المشركين وقرأ فَاجْتَنِبُوا الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الأَوْثَانِ وقال آخرون: عُني باللغو هاهنا: المعاصي كلها. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا الحسن, قال: أخبرنا عبد الرزاق, قال: أخبرنا معمر, عن الحسن, في قوله: ( وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا ) قال: اللغو كله: المعاصي. قال أبو جعفر: وأولى الأقوال في ذلك بالصواب عندي, أن يقال: إن الله أخبر عن هؤلاء المؤمنين الذين مدحهم بأنهم إذا مروا باللغو مرّوا كراما, واللغو في كلام العرب هو كل كلام أو فعل باطل لا حقيقة له ولا أصل, أو ما يستقبح فسبّ الإنسان الإنسان بالباطل الذي لا حقيقة له من اللغو. وذكر النكاح بصريح اسمه مما يُستقبح في بعض الأماكن, فهو من اللغو, وكذلك تعظيم المشركين آلهتهم من الباطل الذي لا حقيقة لما عظموه على نحو ما عظموه, وسماع الغناء مما هو مستقبح في أهل الدين, فكل ذلك يدخل في معنى اللغو, فلا وجه إذ كان كل ذلك يلزمه اسم اللغو, أن يقال: عُني به بعض ذلك دون بعض, إذ لم يكن لخصوص ذلك دلالة من خبر أو عقل. فإذ كان ذلك كذلك, فتأويل الكلام: وإذا مرّوا بالباطل فسمعوه أو رأوه, مرّوا كراما، مرورهم كراما في بعض ذلك بأن لا يسمعوه, وذلك كالغناء. وفي بعض ذلك بأن يعرضوا عنه ويصفحوا, وذلك إذا أو ذوا بإسماع القبيح من القول، وفي بعضه بأن يَنْهَوْا عن ذلك, وذلك بأن يروا من المنكر ما يغير بالقول فيغيروه بالقول. وفي بعضه بأن يضاربوا عليه بالسيوف, وذلك بأن يروا قوما يقطعون الطريق على قوم, فيستصرخهم المراد ذلك منهم, فيصرخونهم, وكلّ ذلك مرورهم كراما. وقد حدثني ابن بشار, قال: ثنا عبد الرحمن, قال: ثنا محمد بن مسلم, عن إبراهيم بن ميسرة, قال: مرّ ابن مسعود بلهو مسرعا فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " إنْ أصْبَحَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ لَكَرِيما ". وقيل: إن هذه الآية مكية. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا ابن بشار, قال: ثنا عبد الرحمن, قال: ثنا سفيان, قال: سمعت السديّ يقول: (وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِاللَّغْوِ مَرُّوا كِرَامًا) قال: هي مكية, وإنما عني السديّ بقوله هذا إن شاء الله, أن الله نسخ ذلك بأمره المؤمنين بقتال المشركين بقوله: فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ وأمرهم إذا مرّوا باللَّغو الذي هو شرك, أن يُقاتلوا أمراءه, وإذا مرّوا باللغو, الذي هو معصية لله أن يغيروه, ولم يكونوا أمروا بذلك بمكة, وهذا القول نظير تأويلنا الذي تأولناه في ذلك.