Tafseer of The Criterion · Al-Furqaan · 25:62
And it is He who has made the night and the day in succession for whoever desires to remember or desires gratitude.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The exegetes (ahl al-tafsīr) differed concerning the interpretation of His word جَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ خِلْفَةً (He made the night and the day a succession of one another). Some of them said: its meaning is that Allah made each of the two the substitute (khalaf) of the other, in the sense that whatever one could not perform as an act of worship during the one, one could fulfill the make-up obligation (qaḍāʾ) of it during the other.
The narration of those who said that:
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Yaʿqūb al-Qummī related to us, on the authority of Ḥafṣ ibn Ḥumayd, on the authority of Shamr ibn ʿAṭiyyah, on the authority of Shaqīq, who said: a man came to ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb — may Allah have mercy on him — and said: "I missed the night prayer." He said: "Make up in your night what you missed during the day, for Allah made the night and the day a succession of one another for whoever wishes to remember or wishes to be thankful."
ʿAlī related to me, saying: ʿAbd Allāh related to us, saying: Muʿāwiyah related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, his word وَهُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ خِلْفَةً (And He it is Who made the night and the day a succession of one another): "whoever missed during the day something he could have done makes it up in the night; or whoever missed it during the night makes it up during the day."
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, concerning his word جَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ خِلْفَةً (He made the night and the day a succession of one another): he said: "He made the one the substitute of the other; if a man missed something during the day, he made it up in the night, and if he missed it during the night, he made it up during the day."
And others said: rather, its meaning is that He made each of the two the opposite of the other — the one He made black and the other white.
The narration of those who said that:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, his word اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ خِلْفَةً (the night and the day a succession of one another): he said: "black and white."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — identical in meaning.
Abū Hishām al-Rifāʿī related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Yamān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of ʿUmar ibn Qays ibn Abī Muslim al-Māṣir, on the authority of Mujāhid — وَهُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ خِلْفَةً (And He it is Who made the night and the day a succession of one another): he said: "black and white."
And others said: rather, its meaning is that each of the two follows the other — when the one departs, the other comes, and when the other comes, the one departs.
The narration of those who said that:
Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Abū Aḥmad al-Zubayrī related to us, saying: Qays related to us, on the authority of ʿUmar ibn Qays al-Māṣir, on the authority of Mujāhid, his word جَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ خِلْفَةً (He made the night and the day a succession of one another): he said: "this one follows that one, and that one follows this one."
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning his word وَهُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ خِلْفَةً (And He it is Who made the night and the day a succession of one another): he said: "had He not made them a succession of one another, one would not know how to act. If the span of time were one continuous night, how would anyone know how to fast? Or if the span of time were one continuous day, how would anyone know how to pray?" He said: "And khilfah (succession) means: differing from one another; the one goes and the other comes; Allah made them a succession for the servants," and he recited لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَذَّكَّرَ أَوْ أَرَادَ شُكُورًا (for whoever wishes to remember or wishes to be thankful). "And al-khilfah is a verbal noun (maṣdar), and that is why it is in the singular, even though it is a predicating word about both the night and the day. And the Arabs say: khalafa hādhā min kadhā khilfatan — this is the successor of that — when something comes in place of something else that had passed before it," as the poet said: "A succession (khilfah), until she reached the spring; she settled in the churches of Jiliq." And as Zuhayr said: "Therein the does and the oryx antelopes walk in succession (khilfatan), and their young rise up from every resting place." By his word "walk in succession" he means: a group departs and another group takes their place.
And His word لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَذَّكَّرَ (for whoever wishes to remember) — the Exalted and Praised says: He made the night and the day, and the alternation of each of the two with the other, a proof and sign for whoever wishes to remember the matter of Allah and to return to the Truth. أَوْ أَرَادَ شُكُورًا (or wishes to be thankful) — or whoever wishes to acknowledge the favor of Allah toward him in the changing course of night and day.
And in accordance with what we have said concerning this, the people of exegesis spoke.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, his word أَوْ أَرَادَ شُكُورًا (or wishes to be thankful): he said: "thankfulness to his Lord for His favor toward him in both."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, his word لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَذَّكَّرَ (for whoever wishes to remember): "that is a sign for him." أَوْ أَرَادَ شُكُورًا (or wishes to be thankful): he said: "thankfulness to his Lord for His favor toward him in both."
The Qurʾān reciters differed concerning the reading of His word يَذَّكَّرَ (remember). The majority of the reciters of Medina, Basra, and some of Kūfah read it as يَذَّكَّرَ with tashdīd, with the meaning: yatadhakkaru (he remembers). And the majority of the Kūfan reciters read it as "yadhkura" without tashdīd. And it may be that the tashdīd and its omission in such cases have the same meaning. One says: dhakartu ḥājata fulān wa-tadhakkartuhu (I thought of so-and-so's need and I remembered him).
And the view concerning this is that they are two well-known readings of related meaning; whichever of the two the reciter reads, he is correct.