Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   Allah, exalted is His mention, says: Blessed is He who has sent down the Criterion — الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ — the second "who" is a further qualification of the first, and both stand in the nominative case as subject: the first by the word "tabāraka," the second as a further qualification of it. By His word الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ He means: He to whom belongs the sovereignty over the heavens and the earth, whose command and decree are carried out by the whole of creation, and whose ordinances hold sway over everything. He says: it is then fitting that the inhabitants of His kingdom and those under His authority obey Him and are not rebellious. He says: so do not disobey My messenger to you, O people, but follow him and act according to what he brought you of the Truth. وَلَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا — this He says in refutation of whoever ascribed a child to Him and said that the angels are daughters of Allah: He who has sent down the Criterion upon His servant has not taken a child. Whoever, then, ascribes a child to Him has lied and fabricated a falsehood against his Lord. وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي الْمُلْكِ — this He says in refutation of those who attributed divinity to idols and worshipped them apart from Allah, the polytheists (mushrikīn) of the Arabs, who said in their talbiya: "Here I am, You have no partner, except a partner who belongs to You, You possess him and all that he possesses." Those words are a lie — Allah had no partner in His kingdom and His authority, such that it would be fitting to worship him alongside Him. Allah, exalted is His mention, says: So ascribe divinity, O people, to your Lord who has sent down the Criterion upon His servant Muḥammad, His prophet ﷺ, and devote worship to Him alone, and abandon all that you worship apart from Him of gods, idols, angels, jinn and men — for all of that is His creation and belongs to His kingdom, and worship befits only Allah who is the master over all of that. His word وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ — Allah, exalted is His mention, says: He who has sent down the Criterion upon Muḥammad has created all things; the things are therefore all His creation and His property, and upon the possessions rests the duty to obey their owner and to serve their lord, not another. He says: I am your Creator and your Master, so devote worship to Me alone and to no one else. And His word فَقَدَّرَهُ تَقْدِيرًا — He says: He has set in due measure everything He created and made it suited to that for which it is fit, so that there is in it neither deficiency nor disparity.

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   يقول تعالى ذكره: تبارك الذي نـزل الفرقان ( الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ ) فالذي الثانية من نعت الذي الأولى, وهما جميعا في موضع رفع, الأولى بقوله تبارك, والثانية نعت لها ويعني بقوله: ( الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ ) الذي له سلطان السماوات والأرض ينفذ في جميعها أمره وقضاءه, ويمضي في كلها أحكامه، يقول: فحقّ على من كان كذلك أن يطيعه أهل مملكته، ومن في سلطانه، ولا يعصوه, يقول: فلا تعصوا نذيري إليكم أيها الناس, واتبعوه, واعملوا بما جاءكم به من الحق ( وَلَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا ) يقول: تكذيبا لمن أضاف إليه الولد، وقال: الملائكة بنات الله، ما اتخذ الذي نـزل الفرقان على عبده ولدا، فمن أضاف إليه ولدا فقد كذب وافترى على ربه ( وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي الْمُلْكِ ) يقول تكذيبا لمن كان يضيف الألوهة إلى الأصنام ويعبدها من دون الله من مشركي العرب، ويقول في تلبيته: لبيك لا شريك لك, إلا شريكا هو لك تملكه وما ملك، كذب قائلو هذا القول, ما كان لله من شريك في مُلكه وسلطانه، فيصلح أن يعبد من دونه. يقول تعالى ذكره: فأفردوا أيها الناس لربكم الذي نـزل الفرقان على عبده محمد نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم الألوهة, وأخلصوا له العبادة دون كلّ ما تعبدونه من دونه من الآلهة والأصنام والملائكة والجنّ والإنس, فإن كلّ ذلك خلقه وفي ملكه, فلا تصلح العبادة إلا لله الذي هو مالك جميع ذلك، وقوله: ( وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: وخلق الذي نـزل على محمد الفرقان كل شيء, فالأشياء كلها خلقه وملكه, وعلى المماليك طاعة مالكهم، وخدمة سيدهم دون غيره. يقول: وأنا خالقكم ومالككم, فأخلصوا لي العبادة دون غيري، وقوله: ( فَقَدَّرَهُ تَقْدِيرًا ) يقول: فسوّى كل ما خلق، وهيأه لما يصلح له, فلا خلل فيه ولا تفاوت.