Tafseer of The Light · An-Noor · 24:63
Do not make [your] calling of the Messenger among yourselves as the call of one of you to another. Already Allah knows those of you who slip away, concealed by others. So let those beware who dissent from the Prophet's order, lest fitnah strike them or a painful punishment.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah the Exalted says to the companions of His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: لا تَجْعَلُوا أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ دُعَاءَ الرَّسُولِ بَيْنَكُمْ كَدُعَاءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضًا ("Do not, O believers, make the calling of the Messenger among you like the calling of one of you to another").
The exegetes differed concerning the meaning of this. Some said: by this verse Allah forbids the believers to expose themselves to the Messenger's invocation against them. He says to them: be on your guard against his invocation against you, by doing what angers him, whereupon he would invoke against you for it so that you perish. Do not make his invocation like that of anyone else, for his invocation strikes surely.
We mention here those who said this:
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās — concerning لا تَجْعَلُوا دُعَاءَ الرَّسُولِ بَيْنَكُمْ كَدُعَاءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضًا : "the invocation of the Messenger against you strikes surely — so be on your guard against it."
Others said: this is a prohibition by Allah against calling the Messenger of Allah ﷺ roughly and harshly, and a command to call him with gentleness and humility.
We mention here those who said this:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us — and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both from Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid — concerning كَدُعَاءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضًا : he said: "they were commanded to call upon him with: 'O Messenger of Allah' — with gentleness and humility — and not to say: 'O Muḥammad' — with roughness."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — to the same effect — concerning لا تَجْعَلُوا دُعَاءَ الرَّسُولِ بَيْنَكُمْ كَدُعَاءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضًا : he said: "they were commanded to call upon him with: 'O Messenger of Allah' — with gentleness and humility."
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda — concerning لا تَجْعَلُوا دُعَاءَ الرَّسُولِ بَيْنَكُمْ كَدُعَاءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضًا : he said: "they were commanded to honor him and revere him."
In my opinion, the interpretation given by Ibn ʿAbbās deserves preference in this matter. The reason is that the verse preceding لا تَجْعَلُوا دُعَاءَ الرَّسُولِ بَيْنَكُمْ كَدُعَاءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضًا is a prohibition by Allah to the believers against leaving him without his permission on a communal occasion, and the verse that follows it is a warning to those who leave without his permission. The most evident, then, is that the intervening verse is an admonition against provoking his anger, which might drive him to invoke against them — rather than a command concerning something that may or may not have been mentioned, namely honoring and revering him through language and calling.
His word قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ يَتَسَلَّلُونَ مِنْكُمْ لِوَاذًا ("Allah surely knows those of you who slip away stealthily, under the shelter of others"): Allah the Exalted says: you — those of you who slip away from your Prophet without his permission, concealing yourselves and hidden from him — even though the conduct of whoever does that may escape the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Allah knows it, and it is not hidden from Him. Let those of you who do this be on their guard: those who transgress the command of Allah by leaving the Messenger of Allah ﷺ without his permission — that a trial from Allah may strike them, or that a painful punishment may strike them — that their hearts be sealed so that they reject Allah.
What we have said concerning this is also the view of the exegetes.
We mention here those who said this:
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: al-Ḥakam ibn Bashīr related to us, saying: ʿAmr ibn Qays related to us, on the authority of Juwaybir, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk — concerning the word of Allah قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ يَتَسَلَّلُونَ مِنْكُمْ لِوَاذًا : he said: "they concealed themselves behind one another and then rose up." Then [Allah] says: فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ — he said: "his heart is sealed — and one cannot be certain that unbelief will manifest itself upon his tongue, whereupon his head is struck off."
Ibn al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ يَتَسَلَّلُونَ مِنْكُمْ لِوَاذًا : he said: "[they leave] without permission."
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ يَتَسَلَّلُونَ مِنْكُمْ لِوَاذًا : he said: "these are the hypocrites (al-munāfiqūn) who turn back without the permission of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." He said: "al-liwādh means: he conceals himself behind him, and he evades and leaves without the permission of the Prophet ﷺ. فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ — those who do this: that a trial may strike them, or that a painful punishment may strike them. The trial here is unbelief (al-kufr). Al-liwādh is the infinitive form of lāwadhtu bi-fulānin, mulāwadha and liwādh — hence the wāw appears. Were it the infinitive form of ludht, one would say: liyādh, just as one says: qumtu qiyāman, and when one says qāwamtuka, one says qiwāman ṭawīlan. Al-liwādh means that the people conceal themselves behind one another — one behind the other — as al-Ḍaḥḥāk said."
His word أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ("or that a painful punishment may strike them"): that is to say: or that a painful punishment from Allah may strike them in the near worldly life for their conduct and their transgression of the command of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
His word فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ — the particle "ʿan" is used because the meaning of the text is: let those who turn away from his command and turn their backs on him be on their guard.