Tafseer of The Light · An-Noor · 24:32
And marry the unmarried among you and the righteous among your male slaves and female slaves. If they should be poor, Allah will enrich them from His bounty, and Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah, exalted is His praise, says: marry off — O believers — those who have no spouse, among the free men and women among you, and the righteous among your male slaves (ʿibād) and female slaves (imāʾ). Al-ayyāmā is the plural of ayyim. Ayyim is given the plural ayyāmā because it carries the meaning of faʿīla, and so its plural is formed just as yatīma forms the plural yatāmā. Thus the poet Jamīl said:
"I love the ayyāmā — because Buthayna is an ayyim, and I love her now that she has found wealth."
The word ayyim applies to both the man and the woman: one says "rajul ayyim" and "imraʾa ayyim" or "ayyima" when she has no spouse. Thus the poet said:
"If you marry, I too shall marry; and if you remain unmarried, then so shall I, even though I am younger than you."
His statement إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ (if they are poor) — Allah, exalted is His praise, says: if those whom you marry off, among the unmarried men and women, your male and female slaves, are needy and poor, then Allah will enrich them out of His bounty; so let their poverty not deter you from marrying them.
The exegetes have explained this verse in a similar sense.
Mention of those who said this:
ʿAlī related to me, saying: ʿAbdallāh related to us, saying: Muʿāwiyah related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning وَأَنْكِحُوا الأيَامَى مِنْكُمْ وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ — he said: Allah, the Exalted, commanded marriage and urged it, and ordered them to marry off their free people and their slaves, and promised them wealth for that. He said: إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ .
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ḥasan Abū l-Ḥasan related to us, saying: I heard al-Qāsim ibn al-Walīd, on the authority of ʿAbdallāh ibn Masʿūd — he said: seek wealth in marriage; Allah says: إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ .
Yūnus related to us, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning وَأَنْكِحُوا الأيَامَى مِنْكُمْ — he said: the ayyāmā of the women are those who have no husbands.
His statement وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ (and Allah is all-encompassing in bounty, all-knowing) — exalted is His praise, Allah says: Allah possesses abundant bounty and is generous with His gifts; so marry off your female slaves, for Allah is vast in liberality and will provide for them out of His bounty if they are poor. All-knowing (ʿAlīm) — He has complete knowledge of who is poor and who is rich, and nothing of the condition of His creatures and their fate escapes Him.