Tafseer of The Believers · Al-Muminoon · 23:44
Then We sent Our messengers in succession. Every time there came to a nation its messenger, they denied him, so We made them follow one another [to destruction], and We made them narrations. So away with a people who do not believe.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The Exalted says — exalted be His remembrance: ثُمَّ أَرْسَلْنَا — to the communities that We brought into being after Thamūd — رُسُلَنَا تَتْرَى — that is to say: one after the other, the one following in the track of the other. The word is derived from al-muwātara (following one after another in succession). It is a noun for the plural, like "shayʾ" — one does not say: "so-and-so came to me tatrā" [as a singular], just as one does not say: "so-and-so came to me muwātaratan". It is written both with tanwīn and without tanwīn, and it occurs with the yāʾ. Whoever does not give it tanwīn makes it conform to [the pattern] faʿlā, derived from watarta; and whoever reads "tatrā" thereby suggests that the yāʾ is original, as one says: miʿzā with yāʾ, and maʿzan, and bahmā in both [forms], and the like — so that it is sometimes pronounced as an inclined (declinable) word and sometimes not. Whoever regards it as faʿlā places, when pausing, a mark indicating the kasra; whoever regards it as a declinable ʾiʿrāb-alif does not do so, because the ʾiʿrāb-alif does not take a kasra — for one does not, with "raʾaytu Zaydan", place a kasra-mark.
With what we have said concerning the explanation of this, the opinion of the exegetes is also in agreement.
*Mention of those who said this:*
ʿAlī related to me, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to us, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: ثُمَّ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا تَتْرَى — he said: following one after the other.
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to us, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: ثُمَّ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا تَتْرَى — he said: the one in the track of the other.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — all on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the word of Allah: تَتْرَى — he said: following one after the other.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid: ثُمَّ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا تَتْرَى — he said: following one after the other.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word: ثُمَّ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا تَتْرَى — he said: one after the other, the one follows the other.
The Qurʾān-reciters of the various cities differed in their reading of this. Some reciters of Mecca, some of Medina, and some of Basra read it as تَتْرًا with tanwīn. Some of Mecca, some of Medina, and the majority of the reciters of Kūfa read it as تَتْرَى with a free yāʾ following the pattern of faʿlā. It is correct here to say that these are two well-known readings and two recognized dialects in Arabic, which have the same meaning — whichever of the two the reciter chooses, he has done rightly. Nevertheless, I here give preference to the reading without tanwīn, because it is the most eloquent of the two dialects and the best known.
As for His word: كُلَّ مَا جَاءَ أُمَّةً رَسُولُهَا كَذَّبُوهُ — that is to say: every time one of those communities that We brought into being after Thamūd received its messenger whom We sent to them, they denied him in what he brought them of truth from Us. And His word: فَأَتْبَعْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ بَعْضًا — that is to say: We caused one community to follow another in destruction — We destroyed them one after the other. And His word: وَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ أَحَادِيثَ — for the people, a byword by which they are spoken of among mankind. The word aḥādīth is here the plural of uḥdūtha, because the meaning is — as I described — that they have become for the people a byword that is spoken about. It is also possible that it is the plural of ḥadīth. The word وَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ أَحَادِيثَ is used because they have become a tale and a byword that is employed as an illustration of evil — in [reference to] the good one does not say: "I made him into a tale" or "into an uḥdūtha". And His word: فَبُعْدًا لِقَوْمٍ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ — that is to say: may Allah remove far away a people who do not believe in Allah and who do not affirm the messenger of Allah.