Tafseer of The Prophets · Al-Anbiyaa · 21:37
Man was created of haste. I will show you My signs, so do not impatiently urge Me.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah, exalted be His praise, says: خُلِقَ الْإِنسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ — "Man is created of haste" — meaning thereby Adam.
The exegetes differed concerning the interpretation of this. Some said: the meaning is that he was composed of haste in his constitution and creation — that he was of haste and inclined toward haste.
Mention of those who said this:
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn Yamān related to us, on the authority of Ashʿath, on the authority of Jaʿfar, on the authority of Saʿīd, concerning the words خُلِقَ الْإِنسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ : "When the spirit was breathed into his knees, he wished to stand up — so Allah said: خُلِقَ الْإِنسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ ."
Mūsā related to us, saying: ʿAmr related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī, who said: "When the spirit was breathed into him — that is, into Adam — and it entered his head, he sneezed, and the angels said: say al-ḥamdu lillāh (praise be to Allah). He said: al-ḥamdu lillāh. Allah said to him: Your Lord has mercy upon you. When the spirit reached his eyes he looked at the fruits of Paradise; and when it reached his belly he craved food. He leapt up before the spirit had reached his legs, hastening toward the fruits of Paradise. That is the meaning of the words خُلِقَ الْإِنسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ — he says: man is created hasty."
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning the words خُلِقَ الْإِنسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ : "He is created hasty."
Others said: the meaning is that man was created out of haste in Allah's creating of him and out of swiftness therein — out of haste, that is — and they said: Allah created him at the end of the day on Friday, before sunset, with haste in His creating of him before its setting.
Mention of those who said this:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the words خُلِقَ الْإِنسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ : "The utterance of Adam when he was created last of all, at the end of the day on which the creatures were created: when the spirit had brought to life his eyes, his tongue, and his head but had not yet reached his lower half, he said: Lord, hasten my creation before sunset."
Al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid — the same.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, who said: Mujāhid said concerning the words خُلِقَ الْإِنسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ : "Adam was created last of all" — then he mentioned something similar, but he said in his narration: "Hasten my creation; the sun has already set."
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning the words خُلِقَ الْإِنسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ : "Because of Adam's haste at the end of that day — the Friday — he was created with haste; and Allah made him hasty."
One of the grammarians of Basra who took a comparable position said: "It states خُلِقَ الْإِنسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ and thereby it is meant that Allah created him with haste in the matter, because Allah said إِنَّمَا قَوْلُنَا لِشَيْءٍ إِذَا أَرَدْنَاهُ أَنْ نَقُولَ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ — and that is the haste. And His words فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُونِ — I سَأُرِيكُمْ آيَاتِي (I shall show you My signs)." But this reasoning would imply that all of Allah's creatures were created with haste, for they were all created by it being said to them: "Be!" so that it was. If that is so, then what is the justification for singling out man in particular — that he was created with haste — while all things were created with haste? And in the fact that Allah, exalted be His praise, singles out man in particular, there lies the clear proof that the view on this matter is other than what the one who took this position has said.
Others of them said: this is an inverted construction (maqlūb); and the actual meaning is that haste was created from man, that haste springs from man. And they said: this is like the verse مَا إِنَّ مَفَاتِحَهُ لَتَنُوءُ بِالْعُصْبَةِ أُولِي الْقُوَّةِ — while the actual intent is: the company would buckle under the burden of the keys (not the keys under the company). They said: this and similar cases are numerous and well known in Arabic. They said: the people were addressed in terms that they understand. They said: that is like the Arabic usage: "I presented the she-camel" — and like the usage: "When al-Shiʿrā (Sirius) rises and the lizard stands erect upon the thorn-bush" — that is to say: the lizard stands erect upon the thorn-bush. And like the verse of the poet:
"They ride horses among which there is no peace, and the lances are tormented by the false heroes with red hair."
And like the verse of Ibn Maqbil:
"I bared my hand of the cloak to seize him — alone, dragged by the hands of those who praised me."
Meaning: I drew the cloak off my hand — and the like of such inverted constructions. In the fact that all the exegetes hold the contrary of this position, there lies sufficient proof of its incorrectness, without need of any further indications.
Abū Jaʿfar says: The most correct position concerning the interpretation of these words, in our judgment, is that which we have mentioned from the one who said that the meaning is: man was created in his creation with haste — that is to say: swiftly and with speed. This is so because he was overtaken by his creation at the setting of the sun at the end of an hour of the day of Friday, and at that moment the spirit was breathed into him.
We say that this is the correct view of the views we have mentioned, because of the indication in the words سَأُرِيكُمْ آيَاتِي فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُونِ before it.
And Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn Idrīs related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr informed us, on the authority of Abū Salama, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, who said: the Prophet ﷺ said: "Verily, there is in Friday an hour" — and he held his fingers together to make it appear small — "in which there is no Muslim servant who asks Allah therein for some good, but that Allah grants it to him." ʿAbdullāh ibn Salām said: "I know which hour it is — it is the last hour of the day of Friday." Allah says: خُلِقَ الْإِنسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ سَأُرِيكُمْ آيَاتِي فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُونِ .
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: al-Muḥāribī and ʿAbda ibn Sulaymān and Usayr ibn ʿAmr related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr, who said: Abū Salama related to us, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ — a concordant narration — and he mentioned the words of ʿAbdullāh ibn Salām in a concordant manner.
The interpretation of the words is therefore — given that what is correct in the interpretation is what we have said, on the basis of the evidence we have adduced — خُلِقَ الْإِنسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ (man is created with haste) — and from this he urges his Lord to hasten the punishment. سَأُرِيكُمْ آيَاتِي فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُونِ — "O you who hasten your Lord for signs" — those who say to our Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: "He is but a poet; let him bring us a sign just as the earlier messengers were sent" — My signs, just as I showed them to those before you of the nations whom We destroyed because they belied the messengers, when the signs came to them. Do not be hasty — He says: do not hasten your Lord, for We shall surely bring them to you and show them to you.
The Qurʾān reciters differed concerning the reading of the words خُلِقَ الْإِنسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ . Most of the reciters of the cities read it as خُلِقَ الْإِنسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ — with the khāʾ in the passive form — in the sense of "the unnamed agent." Ḥumayd al-Aʿraj read it as خَلَقَ — with the khāʾ opened — in the sense of: Allah created man. The reading upon which the reciters of the cities stand is the reading that I may not abandon.