Tafseer of The Prophets · Al-Anbiyaa · 21:33
And it is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon; all [heavenly bodies] in an orbit are swimming.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
His words وَهُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ — "And it is He Who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon — each floating in an orbit."
Allah, exalted be His praise, says: Allah is He Who created the night and the day for you, O people — as a favor from Him toward you and as a proof, and as an indication of His mighty sovereignty and of the fact that divinity belongs to Him and to no one else. They alternate for you for the welfare of your livelihood and the affairs of your worldly and eternal existence. And He also created the sun and the moon. كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ — "Each floating in an orbit" — He says: all of this floats in an orbit.
The exegetes differed concerning the meaning of the "orbit" (falak) which Allah mentions in this verse. Some said: it is like the iron ring of a millstone.
Mention of those who said this:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, he said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, he said: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, he said: al-Ḥasan related to us, he said: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the words كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ : "An orbit like the iron ring of a millstone."
Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, he said: Ibn Jurayj said: كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ — "an orbit like the iron ring of a millstone."
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, he said: Jarīr related to me, on the authority of Qābūs ibn Abī Ẓabyān, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning the words كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ : "The orbit (falak) of the heaven."
Others said: the "orbit" (falak) which Allah mentions here denotes the swiftness of the coursing of the sun, the moon, and the stars and what accompanies that.
Mention of those who said this:
It was reported to me concerning al-Ḥusayn, he said: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd informed us, he said: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning the words كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ : "The falak is the coursing and the swiftness."
Others said: the falak is a retained wave in which the sun, the moon, and the stars course.
Yet others said: it is the pole around which the stars revolve, and the one who took this position cited as proof for it the verse of the rajaz-poet:
"She passed the night cherishing the revolving pole (al-falak al-dawwāra), until the morning, busy handling the ropes."
And what others said about this is what Bishr related to us: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning the words كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ : "That is to say: in the orbit of the heaven."
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, he said: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning the words كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ : "It courses in the heavenly orbit, as you see."
Yūnus related to me, he said: Ibn Wahb informed us, he said: Ibn Zayd said concerning the words كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ : "The orbit (falak) is that which is between the heaven and the earth, of the orbits of the stars, the sun, and the moon." And he recited تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِي السَّمَاءِ بُرُوجًا وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجًا وَقَمَرًا مُنِيرًا and he said: "These orbits are situated between heaven and earth and are not upon the earth." كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ — "In what is situated between heaven and earth: the stars, the sun, and the moon."
Al-Ḥasan was mentioned as one who said: "The falak is a mill like the form of the whorl-wheel of a distaff."
The correct position is to say what Allah, the Almighty and Exalted, has said: كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ . It is possible that this orbit is as Mujāhid said — like the iron ring of a millstone — and as was reported about al-Ḥasan — like the mill of a millstone — and it is possible that it is a retained wave, or the pole of the heaven. This is because falak in Arabic is everything round and revolving, and its plural is aflāk. I have already cited the verse of the rajaz-poet: "the revolving pole." Since everything that revolves can in the Arabic language be so designated, and since there occurs neither in the Book of Allah nor in a tradition from the Prophet ﷺ nor with any authority whose statement is binding, an indication pointing to which of these possibilities it is — it is obligatory (wajib) to say what Allah has said and to remain silent about what we do not know.
If that is the correct position in this matter as we have set forth, then the interpretation of the words is: "And the sun and the moon — all of this floats in a revolving thing."
As for the word يَسْبَحُونَ : its meaning is "they course."
Mention of those who said this:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, he said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, he said: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, he said: al-Ḥasan related to us, he said: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the words كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ : "They course."
Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — the same.
Yūnus related to me, he said: Ibn Wahb informed us, he said: Ibn Zayd said concerning the words يَسْبَحُونَ : "They course."
It reads كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ and the report about the sun and the moon is given in the form used for the children of men — with the wāw and nūn — and it does not read: "yasbaḥna" or "tasbaḥu", just as it was said وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ رَأَيْتُهُمْ لِي سَاجِدِينَ . For prostration (sujūd) belongs to the actions of the children of men; so when the sun and the moon were described with similar actions, the report about them was given in the form used about people.