Tafseer of The Cow · Al-Baqara · 2:261
The example of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah is like a seed [of grain] which grows seven spikes; in each spike is a hundred grains. And Allah multiplies [His reward] for whom He wills. And Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The statement concerning the interpretation of His word: مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ حَبَّةٍ أَنْبَتَتْ سَبْعَ سَنَابِلَ فِي كُلِّ سُنْبُلَةٍ مِائَةُ حَبَّةٍ
(The likeness of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah is as the likeness of a grain that brought forth seven ears, in each ear a hundred grains.)
Abū Jaʿfar said: This verse refers back to His word: مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً وَاللَّهُ يَقْبِضُ وَيَبْسُطُ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ [al-Baqarah: 245] (Who is it that will lend to Allah a goodly loan, that He may multiply it for him manifold? And Allah withholds and gives abundantly, and to Him you will be returned). And the verses that follow thereafter, up to His word (the likeness of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah) — consisting of the accounts of the Children of Israel and their report with Ṭālūt and Jālūt, and what follows upon it of the report about him who disputed with Ibrāhīm concerning Ibrāhīm, and the matter of him who passed by the village which was fallen into ruin upon its roofs, and the story of Ibrāhīm and his request to his Lord for that which he asked — all of which we have mentioned before — these form an interjection by Allah, exalted be His mention, with that wherewith He interposed their accounts in between. This He did as an argument, with a part of it, against the polytheists (mushrikīn) who denied the resurrection and the coming of the Hour, and as an exhortation, with a part of it, to the believers to wage jihād in His way, to which He had commanded them in His word: وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ [al-Baqarah: 244] (And fight (qātilū) in the way of Allah and know that Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing). Herein He lets them know that He is their helper, even though their number be small and the number of their enemy great, and He promises them victory over them, and He teaches them His established way (sunna) toward whoever follows their path in seeking the good pleasure of Allah: that He supports them; and toward whoever follows the path of their enemies among the unbelievers (kuffār): that He forsakes them, scatters their gathering, and weakens their stratagem. And this He did also in order to cut off, with a part of it, the excuse of the Jews who were situated in the midst of the place to which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ emigrated, by informing His Prophet ﷺ of their hidden affairs and of the concealed mysteries of their forefathers and predecessors which none but they knew — so that they might know that what Muḥammad ﷺ brought them was from Allah, and that it was no invention or fabrication. And this He did also to remove the blame regarding the people of hypocrisy (nifāq) among them, so that, through their doubt concerning the affair of Muḥammad ﷺ, they might fear that His violence and His might would descend upon them, just as it descended upon their predecessors who were in the village which He destroyed, so that He left it fallen into ruin upon its roofs.
Then He, exalted be His mention, returned to the report about him who lends to Allah a goodly loan and to the reward which He holds in store for him for his loan, and He said: (the likeness of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah). He means thereby: the likeness of those who spend their wealth, for their own benefit, in the jihād against the enemies of Allah, with their bodies and with their wealth, = (is as the likeness of a grain) of the grains of wheat or barley, or of something else among the crops of the earth whose growth the ear yields when a sower sows them. = "which brought forth", means: which caused to come up = (seven ears, in each ear a hundred grains). He says: likewise, whoever spends his wealth for his own benefit in the way of Allah receives his reward seven hundredfold for each unit of his expenditure. As:
6028 — Mūsā ibn Hārūn related to me, saying: ʿAmr ibn Ḥammād related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: (as the likeness of a grain that brought forth seven ears, in each ear a hundred grains) — this is for whoever spends in the way of Allah; for him is his reward seven hundred.
6029 — Yūnus related to us, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word: (the likeness of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah is as the likeness of a grain that brought forth seven ears, in each ear a hundred grains, and Allah multiplies for whom He wills), he said: this is the one who spends for his own benefit in the way of Allah and goes forth.
6030 — It was related to us on the authority of ʿAmmār, saying: Ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ, his word: (the likeness of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah is as the likeness of a grain that brought forth seven ears, in each ear a hundred grains) — the verse. Now, whoever pledged allegiance to the Prophet ﷺ upon the hijra (emigration), and remained steadfast with the Prophet ﷺ in al-Madīna and held to no direction except with his permission, for him the good deed was seven hundredfold; and whoever pledged allegiance upon Islam, for him the good deed was tenfold thereof.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: If someone were to say: have you ever seen an ear in which there were a hundred grains, or has that reached your ears, so that thereby a likeness has been drawn with the one who spends his wealth in the way of Allah?
Then it is said: if that exists, then it is so. Otherwise it is permissible that the meaning be: as the likeness of an ear that brought forth seven ears, in each ear a hundred grains, if Allah has placed that therein.
And it is possible that the meaning be: in each ear a hundred grains; that is to say that it, when it is sown, brings forth a hundred grains. Then what has come into being from the sowing that proceeded from it — namely those hundred grains — is reckoned to it, because it came forth from it. Some people of interpretation have construed it in this manner.
* Mention of who said that:
6031 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: Abū Zuhayr related to us, on the authority of Juwaybir, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk, his word: (the likeness of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah is as the likeness of a grain that brought forth seven ears, in each ear a hundred grains), he said: each ear brought forth a hundred grains, and this is for whoever spends in the way of Allah = : وَاللَّهُ يُضَاعِفُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ (and Allah multiplies for whom He wills, and Allah is All-Encompassing, All-Knowing).
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The statement concerning the interpretation of His word: وَاللَّهُ يُضَاعِفُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ
(And Allah multiplies for whom He wills.)
Abū Jaʿfar said: The people of interpretation differed concerning the interpretation of His word: (and Allah multiplies for whom He wills). Some of them said: Allah multiplies for whom He wills of His servants the reward of their good deeds = beyond what He gives to whoever does not spend in His way, apart from what He has promised to the one who spends in His way of the multiplication of the one into seven hundred. As for the one who spends in His way, He diminishes for him nothing of what He has promised him of the multiplication of seven hundred for the one.
* Mention of who said that:
6032 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: Abū Zuhayr related to us, on the authority of Juwaybir, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk, he said: this is multiplied for whoever spends in the way of Allah — he means the seven hundred — (and Allah multiplies for whom He wills, and Allah is All-Encompassing, All-Knowing), he means: for whoever does not spend in His way.
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And others said: The meaning thereof is rather: and Allah multiplies for whom He wills of those who spend in His way, beyond the seven hundred, up to twice a thousand times a thousandfold. This is a statement that is transmitted on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās by a route whose chain of transmission (isnād) I have not come across, and for that reason I have refrained from mentioning it.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: That which is most fitting for the interpretation of His word (and Allah multiplies for whom He wills) is: and Allah multiplies, beyond the seven hundred, to whatever multiplication He wills, for whom He wills of those who spend in His way. For no mention was made of reward and multiplication for whoever does not spend in the way of Allah, such that it would be permissible for us to direct what He, exalted be His mention, has promised in this verse of multiplication toward the view that it is a promise from Him for [the work that is not performed in His way, or] for something other than the expenditure in the way of Allah.
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The statement concerning the interpretation of His word: وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ (261)
(And Allah is All-Encompassing, All-Knowing.)
Abū Jaʿfar said: He, exalted be His mention, means thereby: (and Allah is All-Encompassing), in the sense that He gives to whom He wills of His creatures who spend in His way more than the multiples of the seven hundred which He has promised to multiply for him = (All-Knowing) regarding who among them deserves the increase. As:
6033 — Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word: (and Allah multiplies for whom He wills, and Allah is All-Encompassing, All-Knowing), he said: (All-Encompassing) in the sense that He gives more out of His bounty = (All-Knowing), acquainted with whom He will give more.
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And others said: The meaning thereof is: (and Allah is All-Encompassing) with regard to those multiples = (All-Knowing) regarding what they spend who spend their wealth in obedience to Allah.