Tafseer of The Cow · Al-Baqara · 2:154
And do not say about those who are killed in the way of Allah, "They are dead." Rather, they are alive, but you perceive [it] not.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of the saying of the Exalted: وَلا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ يُقْتَلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتٌ بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ وَلَكِنْ لا تَشْعُرُونَ (154)
(And do not say of those who are killed in the way of Allah: "Dead!" Nay, they are living, but you perceive it not) (2:154)
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted — praised be His mention — means: O you who believe, seek help through patience in obeying Me in the jihād against your enemy, in refraining from disobeying Me, and in fulfilling all the remaining obligations that I have imposed upon you. And do not say of him who is killed in the way of Allah (fī sabīl Allāh): he is dead. For the dead one among My creatures is the one from whom I have taken away his life and whose senses I have removed, so that he no longer experiences any enjoyment nor perceives any bliss. Verily, whoever of you and of the rest of My creatures has been killed in My way, they are living with Me, in life and bliss, in a pleasant existence and in an exalted provision, rejoicing over what I have granted them of My favor and over the honor with which I have endowed them. As in:
2317 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His saying: "Nay, they are living" — with their Lord, they are provided with the fruit of the Garden (janna), and they smell its fragrance, while they are not within it.
2318 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, saying: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, similar to this.
2319 — Bishr ibn Muʿādh related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His saying: "And do not say of those who are killed in the way of Allah: 'Dead!' Nay, they are living, but you perceive it not" — It was related to us that the souls of the martyrs recognize one another in the form of white birds that eat from the fruit of the Garden, and that their dwelling places are the Sidrat al-Muntahā, and that the warrior in the way of Allah possesses three good qualities: whoever of them is killed in the way of Allah becomes a living one who is provided for; whoever is overcome, Allah gives him a tremendous reward; and whoever dies, Allah provides him with a good provision.
2320 — Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His saying: "And do not say of those who are killed in the way of Allah: 'Dead!' Nay, they are living" — he said: The souls of the martyrs are in the forms of white birds.
2321 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: Ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ, concerning His saying: "And do not say of those who are killed in the way of Allah: 'Dead!' Nay, they are living" — in the forms of green birds that fly about in the Garden wherever they wish, and eat of whatever they wish.
2322 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: ʿUthmān ibn Ghiyāth related to us. He said: I heard ʿIkrima saying concerning His saying: "And do not say of those who are killed in the way of Allah: 'Dead!' Nay, they are living, but you perceive it not" — he said: The souls of the martyrs are in green birds in the Garden.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: If someone were to say to us: What is there in His saying "And do not say of those who are killed in the way of Allah: 'Dead!' Nay, they are living" of specific mention concerning the one killed in the way of Allah, something which does not apply generally to others? For you know the numerous and mutually corroborating reports from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, in which he described the state of the believers and the disbelievers after their death. Thus he reported concerning the believers that for them gates to the Garden are opened from their graves, through which they smell the sweet breeze of it, and that they urge Allah to hasten the Hour, so that they may arrive at their dwellings therein, and so that they may be reunited with their family and their children therein. And concerning the disbelievers he reported that for them gates to the Fire (al-nār) are opened from their graves, through which they look at it, and there reaches them of its stench and its horror, and in that grave, until the rising of the Hour, there is set over them one who oppresses them therein, and they ask Allah therein to delay the rising of the Hour, out of fear of arriving at what Allah has prepared for them therein — and more of such reports. And if the reports concerning that are so mutually corroborating on the authority of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, then what is it by which the one killed in the way of Allah is distinguished, something which does not apply generally to the rest of mankind concerning life, while all the remaining disbelievers and believers besides him are living in the barzakh — the disbelievers being punished therein with the straitened existence, and the believers being blessed therein with rest, fragrance, and the breeze of the gardens?
To this it is said: That by which Allah has distinguished the martyrs in this matter, and that by which He — exalted be His mention — has favored the believers through His report concerning them, is that He makes known to them that they are provided with the food and nourishment of the Garden in their barzakh before their resurrection, and that they are blessed with that with which, after the resurrection, those who enter the Garden from the rest of mankind are blessed, namely its delightful food — food which Allah has not given anyone besides them to eat in his barzakh before his resurrection. That, then, is the excellence with which He has favored them and with which He has distinguished them above others, and it is the benefit with which He has favored the believers through the report concerning them. Thus the Exalted — praised be His mention — said to His prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: وَلا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتًا بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ يُرْزَقُونَ * فَرِحِينَ بِمَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ
(And do not think of those who are killed in the way of Allah as dead. Nay, they are living with their Lord and are provided for, rejoicing over what Allah has granted them of His favor) [Surah Āl ʿImrān: 169–170]. And in accordance with what we have said has the report of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ come.
2323 — Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥīm ibn Sulaymān and ʿAbda ibn Sulaymān related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq, on the authority of al-Ḥārith ibn Fuḍayl, on the authority of Maḥmūd ibn Labīd, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The martyrs are at Bāriq, a river by the gate of the Garden, in a green dome — and ʿAbda said: in a green meadow — there comes forth for them their provision from the Garden, morning and evening."
2324 — Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Jābir ibn Nūḥ related to us, on the authority of al-Ifrīqī, on the authority of Ibn Bashshār al-Sulamī — or Abū Bashshār, Abū Jaʿfar is uncertain — he said: The souls of the martyrs are in white domes beneath the domes of the Garden; in each dome there are two wives. Their provision on each day on which the sun rises is a bull and a fish: as for the bull, in it is the taste of every fruit in the Garden, and as for the fish, in it is the taste of every drink in the Garden.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: If someone were to say: The report concerning that which you have mentioned — that Allah, exalted be His mention, has favored the believers through His report concerning the martyrs with the blessing by which He has distinguished them in the barzakh — is not present in His saying "And do not say of those who are killed in the way of Allah: 'Dead!' Nay, they are living." For therein is only the report concerning their state: whether they are dead or living.
To this it is said: The purpose of mentioning the report concerning their life is precisely the report concerning the blessing in which they are. But the Exalted — praised be His mention — when He had already informed His servants of that with which He had distinguished the martyrs in His saying وَلا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتًا بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ يُرْزَقُونَ
(And do not think of those who are killed in the way of Allah as dead. Nay, they are living with their Lord and are provided for) [Surah Āl ʿImrān: 169], and they had come to know their state through that report from Him, and since thereafter the purpose of Allah — exalted be His mention — in His saying "And do not say of those who are killed in the way of Allah: 'Dead!' Nay, they are living" was the prohibition of His creatures from saying of the martyrs that they are dead — the repetition of the mention of that which He had already explained to them concerning their report was omitted.
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As for His saying "but you perceive it not," by it He means: but you do not see them, so that you would know that they are living; you know that only through My report concerning it to you.
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The word "dead" (amwāt) is in the nominative because of an implied pronoun referring to the names of "those who are killed in the way of Allah," and the meaning of it is: and do not say of those who are killed in the way of Allah: they are dead. The accusative is not permissible with "the dead," because the [verb of] saying exerts no governing effect upon it. Likewise His saying "Nay, they are living" is in the nominative, with the meaning: they are living.