Tafseer of The Cow · Al-Baqara · 2:119
Indeed, We have sent you, [O Muhammad], with the truth as a bringer of good tidings and a warner, and you will not be asked about the companions of Hellfire.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The commentary on the interpretation of the saying of the Exalted: إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا (We have truly sent you with the truth as a bearer of glad tidings and as a warner)
Abū Jaʿfar said: The meaning of the saying of Him, whose praise is exalted, إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا (We have truly sent you with the truth as a bearer of glad tidings and as a warner), is: We have sent you, O Muhammad, with Islam, which I accept from no one if he adheres to anything other than it as a religion, and that is the truth; as a bearer of glad tidings to whoever follows you and obeys you and accepts from you that to which you have called him of truth — namely victory in this life, the obtaining of the reward in the Hereafter, and abiding felicity therein —; and as a warner to whoever disobeys you, opposes you, and throws back at you that to which you have called him of truth — namely with disgrace in this life, humiliation therein, and the humiliating punishment (ʿadhāb) in the Hereafter.
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The commentary on the interpretation of the saying of the Exalted: وَلا تُسْأَلُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الْجَحِيمِ (119) (And you will not be questioned about the inhabitants of the blazing Fire)
Abū Jaʿfar said: Most of the reciters read: (wa-lā tusʾalu ʿan aṣḥābi l-jaḥīmi), with a ḍamma on the "tāʾ" of "tusʾalu" and a rafʿ (nominative ending) on its "lām," as a statement (khabar), with the meaning: O Muhammad, We have truly sent you with the truth as a bearer of glad tidings and as a warner, and you have conveyed that with which you were sent; upon you rests only the conveyance and the warning, and you will not be held to account regarding whoever has disbelieved in the truth that you brought him, and who was among the inhabitants of the blazing Fire.
And some of the people of Medina read it as: (wa-lā tasʾal), in the jazm form (apocopate), in the sense of a prohibition, with a fatḥa on the "tāʾ" of "tasʾal" and a jazm on its "lām." The meaning of it according to the recitation of these people is: We have truly sent you with the truth as a bearer of glad tidings and as a warner so that you may convey that with which you were sent, not so that you may ask about the inhabitants of the blazing Fire; so do not ask about their state. And those who read according to this recitation based their interpretation on what follows:
1875 — Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Wakīʿ related to us, on the authority of Mūsā ibn ʿUbayda, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Oh, would that I knew what became of my two parents!" Then there was revealed: (And ask not about the inhabitants of the blazing Fire).
1876 — Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Al-Thawrī informed us, on the authority of Mūsā ibn ʿUbayda, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Oh, would that I knew what became of my two parents! Oh, would that I knew what became of my two parents! Oh, would that I knew what became of my two parents!" — three times. Then there was revealed: (We have truly sent you with the truth as a bearer of glad tidings and as a warner, and ask not about the inhabitants of the blazing Fire). And thereafter he did not mention them again, until Allah took him to Himself.
1877 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to us, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, who said: Dāwūd ibn Abī ʿĀṣim informed me that the Prophet ﷺ said one day: "Oh, would that I knew where my two parents are!" Then there was revealed: (We have truly sent you with the truth as a bearer of glad tidings and as a warner, and ask not about the inhabitants of the blazing Fire).
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Abū Jaʿfar said: The correct view therein, in my opinion, is the recitation of whoever reads it with the rafʿ, as a statement. For Allah, whose praise is exalted, has recounted the accounts of groups among the Jews and the Christians, and has mentioned their error, their disbelief in Allah, and their insolence toward His prophets. Then He said to His Prophet ﷺ: إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ (We have truly sent you), O Muhammad, بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا (with the truth as a bearer of glad tidings) to whoever believes in you and follows you, both among those whose tidings I have recounted to you and among those whose tidings I have not recounted to you, وَنَذِيرًا (and as a warner) to whoever disbelieves in you and opposes you. So convey My message, for upon you rests no liability for the deeds of whoever has disbelieved in you — after you have conveyed My message to him — and you will not be held to account regarding what he has done thereafter. And there is no mention made of any question put by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to his Lord about the inhabitants of the blazing Fire, such that the saying (and ask not about the inhabitants of the blazing Fire) would have a direction toward which it could be oriented. For speech is, with respect to its meaning, oriented toward that which its intelligible, outward wording indicates, until there comes a clear proof by which the argument is established that what is intended is something other than that which its outward wording indicates; only then is it surrendered to the established proof concerning it. But there is no transmitted report by which the argument is established that the Prophet ﷺ was forbidden in this verse from asking about the inhabitants of the blazing Fire, nor is there any indication pointing to its being so in the outward wording of the revelation. The necessary conclusion, then, is that its interpretation is a statement concerning what was mentioned before this verse, and concerning who is mentioned after this verse among the Jews and the Christians and other people of disbelief, and not a prohibition against asking about them.
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If anyone supposes that the report transmitted on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb is authentic, then in the impossibility of any doubt on the part of the Messenger — peace be upon him — concerning the fact that the people of shirk are among the inhabitants of the blazing Fire, and that his two parents were among them, there is sufficient ground to refute the soundness of what Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb said, if the report on his authority is authentic. Added to this is that Allah begins the statement, after His saying إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا (We have truly sent you with the truth as a bearer of glad tidings and as a warner), with the "wāw" — with His saying (and ask not about the inhabitants of the blazing Fire) — and does not string it together with what precedes by means of the "fāʾ," so that it would read: "We have truly sent you with the truth as a bearer of glad tidings and as a warner, so ask not about the inhabitants of the blazing Fire"; this is a clearer indication that in His saying "wa-lā tusʾalu" it is a matter of a statement, which is more fitting than a prohibition, and that the rafʿ in it is more fitting than the jazm. And it is mentioned that in the recitation of Ubayy it reads: (wa-mā tusʾalu — and you are not asked), and in the recitation of Ibn Masʿūd: (wa-lan tusʾala — and you will not be asked), and both recitations testify to the rafʿ and the statement therein, not to a prohibition.
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And some of the grammarians of Basra used to orient His saying (and ask not about the inhabitants of the blazing Fire) toward the ḥāl (circumstantial qualifier), as though he held the view that its meaning was: We have truly sent you with the truth as a bearer of glad tidings and as a warner, without your being questioned about the inhabitants of the blazing Fire. And that is the case when one reads the "tāʾ" with a ḍamma and recites it in the sense of a statement. And on that basis he also permitted its recitation as: "wa-lā tasʾalu," with a fatḥa on the "tāʾ" and a ḍamma on the "lām," as a statement, in the sense: We have truly sent you with the truth as a bearer of glad tidings and as a warner, without your asking about the inhabitants of the blazing Fire. And we have already clarified what is, in our opinion, the correct view therein.
And these two statements which I have mentioned on the authority of the Basran concerning this are refuted by what has been transmitted on the authority of Ibn Masʿūd and Ubayy as recitation, for their insertion of the "mā" and the "lan" indicates the cutting-off of the speech from what precedes, and the beginning of His saying (and you are not asked). And when it is a new beginning, it cannot be a ḥāl (circumstantial qualifier).
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As for (the inhabitants of the blazing Fire — aṣḥāb al-jaḥīm): "al-jaḥīm" is the Fire itself when its fuel has been kindled. To this belongs the verse of Umayya ibn Abī al-Ṣalt:
When Hell (jahannam) is stoked and then whirls about, and the blazing fire turns away from its flint-stones.